I-Enotera isitshalo esidlekayo emndenini waseCyprian. Uhlobo oluningi luhlanganisa izitshalo zonyaka nezonyaka ezihlala zinezimpande ezinezihlahla ezinesithombo. Izinkomishi ze-inflorescences zifana nezinsimbi ezibanzi ezivula ebusuku. Lesi sitshalo sivamile eMelika naseYurophu, kepha sikhula ngempumelelo ezingadini zezulu ezishisayo zaseRussia. Kwabalimi abaningi, i-primrose yakusihlwa yaziwa kangcono ngegama "oslinnik", "ikhandlela lasebusuku" noma "i-primrose yakusihlwa". Amabhishi amancane akhula ngokushesha futhi adinga ukulungiswa okuncane. Bakha amakhethini aluhlaza okwezimbali ezinamakha.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-primrose yakusihlwa iyisitshalo se-herbaceous noma isihlahla esinobude obungamamitha angama-30 kuya kwayi-1,2. Iziqu ezinoshukela ezinobuso obambozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu ngombala omfushane obomvu. Zikhula ziqonde noma ziwele phansi. Amahlamvu esiqwini ahlelwe ngokulandelayo. Ukuma kwabo kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo. Kukhona amaqabunga aphelele, a-oval noma ama-lanceolate, kanye namaqabunga e-cirrus-ahlukaniswe ngomphetho we-serated.
Isikhathi sezimbali siba ngoJuni-Septhemba. Engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu, kuqhakaza izimbali zomhlanga ezikhululekile ezinezinkomishi ezinkulu zombala omhlophe, opinki, ophuzi noma onsomi ngombala. Ziqukethe amacembe ama-4 ububanzi anendawo egcwele ukotini, ama-stamens ayi-8 kanye ne-pestle. Izimbali zivuleka ngokushesha okukhulu, kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-1-2, ngokuchofoza okubonakalayo.
Ngemuva kokuvota, kwakhiwa ibhokisi elinezithombo eziningi, lihlukaniswe izingxenye zangaphakathi zibe izidleke ezi-4. Ziqukethe imbewu emincane kakhulu. Ku-1 g yembewu, kukhona amayunithi acishe abe ngu-3,000.
Izinhlobo ze-primrose zakusihlwa
Uhlobo lwe-Primrose luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-150 zezitshalo zonyaka, ezinokuphilayo kanye nezitshalo zonyaka.
I-primrose yakusihlwa kuvezwe yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-primrose yakusihlwa ayimisi. Isitshalo esinama-herbaceous kuze kube yi-15 cm amade sichitha ama-rosett amaqabunga aminyene ngaphansi kwesiqu. Ziqukethe amaqabunga aluhlaza ahlakazekile amnyama ahlakalela izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe kuma-pedicel amafushane. Amahlumela avulwa ebusuku nasendaweni yesimo sezulu esinamafu. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-7 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo "ze-Aurea" ezinezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo ziyathandwa.
- I-primrose yakusihlwa yinhle. Isihlahla esinde esingama-40 cm siqukethe izingqimba ezigqinsiwe, nezibunjiwe kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile aluhlaza. Izimbali ezinjengendebe enombala omhlophe no-pink ziqoqwa ezindlebeni ezikhululekile. Izimbali eziqhakaza maphakathi no-June-Agasti, azibekezeleli isithwathwa.
- I-Enotera yaseMissouri. Isitshalo esinama-herbaceous esineziqu ezikhulayo sikhula ngo-30-40 cm ukuphakama. Imbozwe ngamaqabunga aminyene-ama-lanceolate. NgoJuni-Agasti, izimbali eziphuzi zegolide eziphuza ngephunga elimnandi zivulekile. Ububanzi bembali abudluli ku-10 cm.
- I-primrose yakusihlwa ayisihlahlana. Isitshalo esinezindebe ezigqinsiwe ezinezihlahla sifinyelela ku-0.9-1.2 m ukuphakama. Iziqu zimbozwe ngamaqabunga e-oval wombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, isihlahla simbozwa ngesigqoko esiminyene sezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo nobubanzi obungama-5 cm.
I-primrose yakusihlwa ineminyaka emibili ubudala. Ngonyaka wokuqala, lesi sitshalo sakha ihlumela eliluhlaza okotshwe ngotshani, embozwe ngamaqabunga e-lanceolate anemiphetho eyenziwe nge-serated. Ubude bawo bufika ku-20 cm. Ngonyaka wesibili, iziqu ezinamagatsha angenamandla zakha isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,21. Engxenyeni engenhla, ama-inflorescences abukeka njengama-spike anezimbali ezimpunga zikalamula ophuzi aze afinyelela ku-5 cm ubukhulu. Izimbali ezinamaphunga ziyaqhakaza ebusuku. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Okthoba. Izinhlobonhlobo ze "kusihlwa kwakusihlwa" zibukeka zimangalisa - izihlahla ezithambile ezingama-80-90 cm ukuphakama zimbozwe izimbali ezibomvu zegolide ezinephunga elimnandi.
I-Enoter Drummond. Isitshalo se-herbaceous saminyaka yonke esingu-30-80 cm amade siba nezithombo ezinamahlamvu. Zimbozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza we-lanceolate ahlukile. Kusukela ngoJuni, embozwe kakhulu ngezinsimbi ezikhanyayo ezivulekile ezinobubanzi obufika ku-7 cm.
Izitshalo ezikhulayo
Ngokuvamile kukhiqiza i-primrose yakusihlwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Isitshalo sinikeza kalula ukuzikhulula. Imbewu evuniwe ingagcinwa iminyaka emithathu. Phambilini izithombo bezitshalwa kuzo. Okokuqala, imbewu encane enjalo ixubaniswa nesihlabathi noma i-sawdust bese ihlwanyelwa emiphongolweni noma emabhokisini ngesihlabathi nangomhlabathi we-peat. Izitshalo zikhiqizwa ngo-Mashi kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 mm. Umhlaba umanzi kahle futhi umbozwe ifilimu. Gcina amabhodwe emazingeni okushisa + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2. Ngemuva kwalokhu, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa bese izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyiselwe kahle. Maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ungatshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Amahlahla amakhulu ama-perennials njalo emva kweminyaka emi-3-4 kufanele ahlukaniswe, ngoba ekuhlobisweni kokutshala okulahliwe kulahlekile futhi kuqubuka izifo zokukhunta. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngo-Okthoba noma ngoMashi, isihlahla simbiwe ngokuphelele, sikhululwe engxenyeni yomhlaba futhi sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi bazijwayeza ukusika ingxenye yesihlahla ngaphandle kokumba. I-Delenka isitshalwa ngokushesha endaweni entsha enhlabathini evundile futhi iniselwe ngokucophelela.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
I-primrose yakusihlwa itshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezikhanyiswe kahle. Ingakhula emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha ngokuntuleka kokukhanyisa ayiqhakathi futhi ilahle ukuqunjelwa kwezimbali esele kuvela. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ama-substrates ahamba kahle, akhanywa kahle nge-acidity engathathi hlangothi noma ebuthaka. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi yemba ngamanyolo womquba kanye nomquba. Kwisitjalo ngasinye, umgodi ngamunye ongashoni wembiwa ngebanga elingama-30-40 cm.
I-primrose yakusihlwa kufanele iniselwe ngokunakekelwa ukuze umhlaba ongaphezulu ube nesikhathi sokuwoma, ngoba izimpande zizwela kakhulu ukubola. Esikhathini sesomiso, izimbali ziyaniselwa kusihlwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Uma izitshalo zitshalwe enhlabathini evundile, khona-ke ngonyaka wokuqala, ukufaka umanyolo okwengeziwe akudingekile. Intwasahlobo elandelayo, kanye nangemuva kokuqhakaza, izitshalo ziphekelwa ngomquba, isixazululo sokhuni lomlotha noma nge-potassium sulfate.
Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi kubalulekile ukhula nokukhulula inhlabathi. Lokhu kungasusa ukhula futhi kuvikele ukwakheka kokuqunjelwa phansi emhlabathini. Izitshalo ezinde zidinga i-garter, ngoba ikwazi ukulala phansi kusuka emimoyeni enamandla nasemvuleni. Akudingekile ukunquma ama-inflorescence afihlekile, ukuqhakaza okuvela okuphindaphindiwe kulokhu ngeke kuza. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo izosiza ukuvikela ukuzilawula ngokwakho okungalawulwa.
Izinhlobo eziningi zimelana neqhwa futhi zingabusika ngaphandle kokukhosela. Ekwindla, amahlumela ngaphezulu asikwa acishe phansi, bese inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nge-humus ne-peat, bese imbozwa ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngamahlamvu awile.
I-primrose yakusihlwa iyamelana nezifo eziningi zezitshalo, kepha ihlushwa yizifo fungal uma igcinwe kahle. Zonke izinqubo ezonakele kumele zisikwe futhi zichithwe. Uma i-aphid ihleli esihlahleni, kufulawa inambuzane.
Usebenzisa i-primrose yakusihlwa
Izihlahla ezinamandla eziqhakaza ngokuhlwa kusihlwa zinhle ekutshaleni kweqembu nasezingomeni zomhlaba lapho zakha amabala anemibala egqamile otshanini. Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezingadi zamadwala nama rockeries. Izitshalo ezinobukhulu obuphakathi zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlanganayo nasendandatho engaphandle yengadi yezimbali. Ukuze umise i-primrose yakusihlwa, itshalwe eduze nezinsimbi, iVeronica, i-astilbe, i-ageratum ne-lobelia.
Kwamanye amazwe, i-primrose yakusihlwa isetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Ama-rhizomes anamunyu weminyaka yonyaka abilisiwe futhi adliwe njengesitsha eseceleni. Amahlumela amancane amancanyana ama-perennials asetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa amasaladi.
Imbewu, uwoyela kubo notshani obomile banezinto zokupholisa. Zisetshenziselwa kwezokwelapha kanye ne-cosmetology ukunciphisa ukwelashwa komzimba, ukulwa nokufutheka esikhunjeni kanye nokuyalunywa. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Vitamin E, uwoyela usetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhunjeni, ngoba kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwawo okunamafutha, kuthuthukisa ithoni futhi kushe imibimbi emihle. Ama-tinctures kanye nama-decoctions amaqabunga asetshenziswa ngaphakathi. Zinciphisa ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, ukukhwehlela ngokukhwehlela okokudlayo, futhi futhi kunesenzo sokulungisa nokugomela.
