I-Nephrolepis iyi-epiphytic noma i-fern yomhlaba ngemuva komndeni wakwaDavallian. Izwe lakubo linamahlathi aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo akhiwe eSoutheast Asia, Africa nase-Australia. Phakathi kwezimbali zasendlini, i-nephrolepis ithatha isikhundla esiphambili ebuhleni nasekusebenziseni. Zakha ngokushesha amathreythi amnyama we-emerald futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, zingakhula zize zibe ngu-15% wesisindo esiluhlaza ngenyanga. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-fern ithathwa njengento ehlanza umoya yangempela, ibulala amagciwane, idonsa ukungcola okulimazayo okuvela emoyeni futhi ikhiqize inani elikhulu le-oxygen.
Incazelo yezitshalo
INephrolepis iyi-fern ekhula ngokushesha. Inobukhulu obukhulu obukhulu, lapho amaqhubu amancane ayindilinga ayakheka kwesinye isikhathi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zimbozwe ngezikali ezincane ezimhlophe. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-thickets akhula ukuphakama ngo-1-3 m, kodwa ezimweni zekamelo ancishiswa ubukhulu be-45-50 cm.
Izimila zinamaqabunga angahlakazekile, anamaqabunga amafushane angaba amasentimitha angama-70. Akhula ngokuthe nkqo noma agobeke ku-arc ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo. Ama-lobes angolayini noma onxantathu anemiphetho ehlanganisiwe noma e-wavy kanye nendawo ecwebezelayo. Ubude bengxenye ngayinye abudluli ku-5 cm. Ngasohlangothini oluhlekile lwamaqabunga, ngokulinganayo kusuka emthanjeni ophakathi kukhona izilonda ezibunjiweyo, ezifihliwe ngaphansi kwesihenqo ophuzi. Umbala wamaqabunga ungaba yi-emerald, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amagqabi akhula esixukwini esiminyene eduze komhlaba. Sifanekisa ngesimo senqubo eguqukayo evundlile, efana amadevu wamagilebhisi noma ama-sitrobheli, asakazeka emhlabathini futhi akhule amaphuzu amasha okukhula. Kusuka kubo kamuva athuthukise izihlahla ezifanayo ezihlushayo.
Izinhlobo zeNephrolepis
Uhlobo lwe-nephrolepis luqukethe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-20. Zonke zilungele ukulinyelwa njengezindlu zasendlini, kepha kukhona izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi.
INephrolepis iphakeme. I-Ground noma i-epiphytic fern enezimpande ezifinyelela ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Wakha ama-veyi amakhulu we-cirrus-dissected. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo awekho ngaphezu kwama-70 cm ubude aqukethe izingxenye ezingama-lanceolate aze afike ku-5 cm ubude. Zinemiphetho emisebeni, indawo ecwebezelayo kanye namamaki webrashi ayindilinga emuva. Izinhlobo:
- Nephrolepis Smith. Isitshalo esinamaqabunga amane wokuphina ngombala oluhlaza okotshani sifana nekhasethi yelanga. Kubukeka kukuhle ngokulengiswa izimbali zezimbali futhi kwakha aminyene, amathanga alengayo.
- INephrolepis Green Lady. Amaqabunga aphansi amnyama ombala oluhlaza okhanyayo unamathisela isixha esihle kakhulu esiyindilinga. Ama-openwork lobes anemiphetho ye-wavy nethiphu eliqondisiwe abekwe eduze komunye nomunye futhi akha umthombo oluhlaza wangempela.
- Nephrolepis Boston. Ama-Fern blooms akha i-vayi efinyelela ku-1,2 m ngamaqabunga ahlakazekile anamandla. Amaphethelo wezigaba asontekile noma ambozwe amaza.
- Roosevelt Nephrolepis. Ama-vaiyas amakhulu, akhula ngokuthe xaxa ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile aqukethe izingxenye ezibanzi ezinemiphetho ye-wavy.
- I-Nephrolepis Tiger. Izingxenye ezimnyama eziluhlaza zimbozwe ngemivimbo emihle eluhlaza ekhanyayo evela emthanjeni oqonde nhlangothi zombili izinhlangothi.
Nephrolepis inhliziyo. Amahlumela angaphansi komhlaba ambozwe ngokuswayipha okuncane okuyindilinga okufana nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Lokhu kudumba kuhlanganiswa ngezikali ezincane ezimhlophe noma zesiliva. I-vaji eyisisekelo engaguquki ene-petiole ebomvu kanye namahlamvu e-cirrus ahlukanisiwe ayizinto ezinkulu kakhulu. Izingxenye ezibanzi ezinemiphetho eyindilinga zitholakala ngaphezulu komunye nomunye.
INephrolepis ngu-xiphoid. Isitshalo esikhulu esilungele kakhulu izakhiwo zomphakathi, kunokuba sinamakamelo amancane okuhlala. I-vaji eyakheke noma i-arched ekhulayo ikhula ngo-1-2,5 m ubude. Izingxenye ezilinganayo ezicwebezelayo zombala oluhlaza ogcwele zineziphetho ze-wavy.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Spore
I-Nephrolepis ingasakazwa ngama-spores nangamahlumela. Ukukhula kwe-fern kusuka ezinhlamvwini kuyinqubo ende futhi enzima, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa ziyinyumba futhi azivezi inzalo ephumelelayo. Uma ubandakanyeka ekuhlwanyeleni i-spore, udinga ukusika ishidi elinama -ishu avuthiwe bese uhlanza i-spore ngesipuni ephepheni. Zomile endaweni emnyama endaweni yokushisa yegumbi, bese ihlwanyelwa.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlela i-greenhouse encane lapho kubekwa khona i-peat enomswakama ebikade ibekwe ngamakhala ngamanzi abilayo. Izikhala ezincane zibekwa enhlabathini ngesendlalelo esingafika ku-3 cm. Fafaza ngaphezulu akudingekile. Inhlabathi ifafazwa futhi igcinwe emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-20 ... + 25 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ukukhanya kufanele kube kufiphele. Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1-2, kuzovela amathayile aluhlaza obukhulu abukeka njenge-moss. Lesi kuphela isigaba sokuqala sokukhula kwezitshalo. Lapho umswakama ephezulu, isithombo sizokhiqizwa bese kuthi, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, kukhiqizwe ama-fern amancane. Kuphela manje zingakwazi ukuthungwa ngokucophelela kakhulu ezitsheni ezihlukile zezitshalo ezingama-2-3. Ukukhula kuyaqhubeka endaweni efudumele futhi enomswakama kahle.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino
On amadevu agobekayo, amahlumela amancane anamahlamvu afana nesigaxa esincane samapheshana akhiwa njalo. Ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa inqubo nenhlanyelo yesitshalo somama, imbe ingene enhlabathini iye ekujuleni kuka-5-8 mm. Phezulu elinamaqabunga kwesokunxele ebusweni. Ukubamba imbala kuthatha amasonto ayi-1-2, emva kwalokho izingane zihlukaniswa futhi zikhule zodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla eziqinile ezikhule ngokuqinile ze-nephrolepis zingahlukaniswa. Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ngokuphelele embizeni, sikhululwe engxenyeni yethambo lobumba bese sinqunywa sibe ngommese obukhali. Isahluko ngasinye kufanele sibe namaphuzu wokukhula ayi-1-3. Ukutshala kwenziwa ezimbizeni ezihlukene. Izitshalo zitshalwa kumswakama ophezulu kanye lokushisa komoya + 15 ... + 18 ° C. U-Delenki ukhula kancane, ngoba aqala ukukhula izimpande futhi kuphela bese eqala ukukhiqiza amaqabunga amasha.
Uma izinhlobo ze-nephrolepis zenza ama-tubers ezimpandeni, zingasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kabusha. I-tuber ihlukaniswe empandeni futhi itshalwe emhlabathini oneswakama onamanzi ngokulinganayo. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kuzovela ihlumela elincane. Ukuthuthuka kuhamba kancane, kepha lesi sitshalo sizuza zonke izici zokuhlukahluka.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
INephrolepis, ngokungafani namanye ama-ferns angenasici, ithathwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba futhi esingenazinkinga. Futhi nokho, ukuze ikhule ngokushesha futhi ithokozela ngama-greens aluhlaza, izimo ezithile ziyadingeka.
Isibani Kungcono ukubeka amabhodwe kude nefasitela (emthunzini oyingxenye noma ekhoneni elicwengekile). Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kumaqabunga kufakwe ku-contraindication. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukunikeza amahora wemini unyaka wonke ubude besikhathi samahora ayi-12-16. Ungabeka izitshalo emafasiteleni wezinto zasempumalanga noma zasenyakatho. Ehlobo, thatha izimbali kuvulandi.
Ukushisa Noma ehlobo, kungakuhle ukuthi ungaphakamisi izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphezu kuka + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, ama-ferns atshalwa ngo + 14 ... + 15 ° C. Lapho kushisa igumbi, kuba nomoya omanzi ngokwengeziwe.
Umswakama. Umswakama akufanele uwe ngaphansi kwama-60%. INephrolepis kufanele ifafazwe njalo futhi igezwe eshawini. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukoma azungeze imiphetho, njengokuvuselela kabusha, ama-ferns afakwa ku-aquarium engenalutho noma embozwe nge-cap esobala.
Ukunisela. Akunakwenzeka ukomisa inhlabathi, kufanele ihlale inyunyiswa kancane. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, i-nephrolepis iniselwa nsuku zonke ngamanzi amaningi ahlanziwe. Uketshezi olungaphezulu luthululelwa kusuka kwisigaxa. Lapho kupholisa, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
Umanyolo Njengoba i-fern ikhula ngokushesha, entwasahlobo nasehlobo idinga ukondliwa kaningi ngenyanga. Sebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile amaminerali ama-ferns noma izitshalo zamahlamvu zokuhlobisa. Imithamo incishiswa izikhathi ezingama-2-4.
Ukufakelwa AmaNefrolepses atshalwa njalo emva kweminyaka engama-1-3. Sebenzisa izimbiza ezibanzi hhayi ezijulile. Izinhlobo ezinamahlamvu agobekayo atshalwa emabhodweni. Izinto zokwakha amanzi zithunyelwa phansi ethangini. Awusoze nje uthathe imbiza enkulu kakhulu, uma kungenjalo inhlabathi iyoba yi-acidic noma izimpande ukubola kuzothuthukiswa. Inhlabathi yokutshala kufanele ibe nesakhiwo esikhanyayo kanye nokuphefumula okuphezulu. Ukuze ukuhlanganiswa kwawo kuthathe inhlabathi ehlanganayo, izingcezu zomhlaba wokwe-peat kanye nohlaza kwezolimo ngokulingana okulinganayo. Izitshalo azikwazi ukutshala zijule kakhulu. Intamo yezimpande nengxenye yama-rhizomes kufanele kube ngaphezulu.
Izihlahla. Umqhele we-emerald we-nephrolepis muhle ngokwawo futhi awudingi kuumbwa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza izihlahla zokuhlanzeka kanye nokukhipha i-wai ephuziwe neyomile.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
INephrolepis iyamelana nezifo zezitshalo, kodwa ingahlaselwa ukuhlaselwa yizimbaza. Imvamisa, ukhathazwa yisibungu sesicabucabu, i-whitefly noma i-aphid. I-Indernor ferns ayivame ukuhlaselwa imbewu. Izinambuzane zihlasela kuphela lezo zitshalo ezima emgwaqweni noma eduze nezinye izimbali ezithelelekile. Isimo sezulu esishisayo siyingozi ikakhulukazi lapho umoya womile kakhulu. Rescue nephrolepis isiza ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane ngokuya ngemiyalo yomuthi.
Izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngokushintsha imibandela yokuboshwa. Nazi izinkinga ezinkulu abatshali bezimbali ababhekana nazo nezixazululo zabo:
- imiphetho yamaqabunga isomile - izitshalo kufanele zifafazwe njalo;
- ukuvilapha nokudonsa i-waiy kubonisa ukuthambisa okunganele;
- amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala wawo ogcwele futhi abe yi-translucent - isitshalo simi endaweni ekhanyayo kakhulu;
- amaqabunga ansundu noma aphuzi - okushisa komoya okuphezulu kakhulu;
- ukwehla noma ukwehla kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo - ukuntuleka komanyolo, umhlabathi ompofu noma ukuvala imbiza kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Fern
I-Nefrolepis fern ilungele ukugcwala kwamakhaya, amahhovisi nezinye izikhungo zomphakathi. Ingakhula lapho ezinye izimbali eziningi zasendlini zingenakho ukukhanya okwanele, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sikhule siwugqinsi olukhulu kakhulu futhi olunkulu oluhlaza okotshani.
Ngenxa yotshani obuningi, i-nephrolepis igcwalisa kahle umoya ne-oksijini futhi ihlanze ukungcola, ingagcini nje ngokuhambisa isikhutha, kodwa futhi nemikhunta ethile eyingozi kubantu.
Ngokwezinkolelo ezithandwayo, i-fern kufanele ixazululwe endlini yomuntu onamahloni, ongavikelekile. Uzobanikeza ukuzethemba kumnikazi futhi alethe impumelelo ebhizinisini, avikele ekuqhamukeni noma ngezenzo zokuzikhukhumeza.
