I-Alyssum isitshalo se-herbaceous esinezimbali ezinomjikelezo wempilo waminyaka yonke noma we-perennial. Ungowomndeni wakwaKlabishi. Kulimi abalimi, yaziwa ngamagama we-alyssum, i-mason noma i-lobularia yasolwandle. Ngempela, i-alissum ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-lobularia, kepha lezi zihlukile, izitshalo ezihlobene kakhulu nezitshalo. Umehluko ukuthi izimbali zezilwane ezinama-alissum zidwetshwe ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene ye-fawn ephuzi. Emvelweni, lesi sitshalo sitholakala esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesiphakeme sase-Eurasia, e-Afrika naseMelika. Ngenxa yokuzithoba kwayo, ukuqhakaza okugcwele nokuqhakaza kanye nephunga loju, i-alissum yisiko elidumile ekwakhiweni komhlaba.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Alyssum isitshalo esifushane esingama-15-40 cm amade. Amahlumela awo aqhakaze kakhulu akha i-shrub eminyene noma ukhaphethi. Yondla isitshalo ngesigaxa esimfushane, esingenamizwa. Isisekelo seziqu sincishiswa nesikhathi. Amahlumela amasha ambozwe ngenqwaba emfishane. Amacembe alandelayo angenamacembe akhula kubo. Ipuleti leqabunga elinamanzi lesimo se-obovate libuye limbozwe ngenqwaba yompunga noma yesiliva.
Maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, phezulu kwesiqu siphenduka i-inflorescence engajwayelekile ye-racemose enama-corollas amancane. Inkomishi yezinsimbi ezine ipendiwe ngombala omhlophe qhwa, ophuzi, onsomi, opinki, onsomi, obomvu noma owolintshi. Isikhungo imbali, ngenxa stamens, sifana iso ophuzi. Ukushintshana ngakunye, ama-inflorescence ayajabulisa phakathi nehlobo. Bakhipha iphunga loju olunothile. Leli phunga likhanga izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ezizuzisayo. I-Alyssum isitshalo esihle kakhulu sikaju. Ngemuva kokuvota, amabhokisi embewu amancane avuthwa amancane, njengothuli, imbewu nsundu.
Okuhlukahlukene kwe-Alissum
Uhlobo lwe-Alissum luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zezinto ezenziwa unyaka nonyaka. I-Alyssum perennial imelana nobandayo futhi iyancamela izifunda zasenyakatho, kepha ayiqhakathi isikhathi eside. I-Alyssum yonyaka izothokozela izimbali kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla.
Imashi yase-Alyssum. I-Heat-love perennial enamahlamvu aqhakaza phansi, enwabuzelayo emhlabathini. Ngokusekelwe kulo, izinhlobo eziningana ze-alissum ampoule zazalwa. Ukuphakama kwezimila kungamasentimitha angama-8 ukuya kwengama-40. Ingxenye yonke eluhlaza imbozwe nge-villi elula yesilvery. Izimbali ezincane zegolide zihlelwe ngamabhulashi. Izinhlobo:
- ITaini Tim - amahlumela anobude obungadluli kuka-8 cm ambozwe ngesigqoko esimnandi seqhwa;
- UViolet Coning - izihlahla eziyindilinga ezi-10-15 cm ezinde ziyaqhakaza ziqhakaze imibala onsomi;
- I-Princess ku-Purple - i-ampel ehlukahlukene enamahlumela amade nama-inflorescence athambile we-lilac;
- U-Esther bonnet - ifomu elikhulu nezinqubo zokufaka indawo ubude obungu-20-25 cm ngo-Julayi-Septhemba blooms ukhilimu, opinki nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali ze-pastel.
I-Alyssum idwala. Ama-perennial 25-30 cm amade akhula kakhulu ahlume kakhulu, amahlumela akhula. Kwakha isihlahla semicircular. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza atholakala eduze. Phezulu esiqwini, ama-inflorescence amaningi aminyene aqhakaza ngokusakazeka kwezimbali eziqhakazile eziphuzi. Izinhlobo:
- Igagasi leGolide - isihlahla esingaphezu kwama-20 cm ukuphakeme simbozwe ngesigqoko esiqinile sombala ophuzi;
- I-Plenum - amathayi aminyene afinyelela ku-30 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ancibilikisa ama-budisi wegolide;
- I-placer yegolide - isihlahla esiyindilinga esinamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza ambozwe ngamakhekhe amancane amnyama ombala ophuzi;
- Ikhaphethi emhlophe iyisembozo somhlabathi minyaka yonke esinezimbali ezinde futhi ziningi;
- Ikhaphethi eqhwa - amahlumela anyakazayo angabi ngaphezu kwama-8 cm ngaphezu komhlaba ngoJuni-Agasti afihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwama-inflorescence amaningi amhlophe qhwa anephunga elimnandi loju;
- I-Bimbo mhlophe - isembozo somhlabathi singama-25 cm ukuphakama ngama-inflorescence amhlophe e-corymbose.
I-Alyssum iyintaba. Isitshalo esivimbela ukumelana nesithwathwa sikhula ngo-10-20 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Isiqu saso sidonsa emhlabathini futhi sikhuphuke kancane emaphethelweni. Amacembe amnyama amnyama aluhlaza kanye neziqu ezincane zimbozwe ngenqwaba emfushane yempunga. Kakade ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, izimbali ezincane ziyaqhakaza, zahlanganiswa zaba ngama-inflorescence aminyene, aminyene.
Ukukhula nokutshala
Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu, i-alissum ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa kwezithombo. Engadini ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, imbewu isatshalaliswa ngemifolozo ebangeni eliyi-15 mm. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza eduze ekwindla hhayi ngokweqile, ngakho-ke le ndlela ilungele ama-perennials. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu ezenza ukuhlwanyela imbewu ebusika. Kulokhu, izithombo zizovela maphakathi nentwasahlobo, kuthi ngoJuni ukuqhakaza kuqale.
Futhi nokho kulula kakhulu ukukhula i-alissum ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Kulokhu, ngoMeyi, umqadi wegadi uzoba nezihlahla eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza izimbali, lapho okulula khona ukwenza ukwakheka okuthandwayo ku-flowerbed. Izithombo zezimbali ziqala ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela amabhokisi angaxutshani nenhlabathi ekhanyayo enempilo. I-Alyssum ikhula enhlabathini yezinhlamvu ze-alkaline, ngakho-ke kufakwa umhlwa omncane otshisiwe emhlabathini. Imbewu izama ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo ebusweni. Kuthululelwa kancane emhlabathini, kufafazwe bese kumbozwe ifilimu.
Isitsha sigcinwa endaweni enokhanyayo kahle ngamazinga okushisa we- + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Umhlaba ufakwa umoya njalo ufafazwa. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-8. Ngemuva kwalokhu, indawo yokukhosela isuswa kancane kancane. Ngokuqala kweqabunga lokuqala langempela, ukufaka umanyolo nokuhlanganiswa kwezimbiwa kuyenziwa. Izithombo ezinamaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 zizalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukile. I-alissum encane iyazwela ukupholisa, ngakho-ke, izimbali zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile hhayi ngaphambi kokuphela kukaMeyi, lapho ingozi yeqhwa inyamalala ngokuphelele.
Kwama-alissum, izindawo ezivulekile elangeni ezinomhlabathi okhanyayo okhethiwe zikhethwe. Izimbali zizizwa zilungile phakathi kokhonkolo ekhonkolo etsheni. Uma umhlaba uvundile kakhulu, amahlumela amaningi namaqabunga akhiwa, kepha ukuqhakaza kube buthakathaka. Umhlaba kufanele ungathathi hlangothi noma u-alkali omncane.
Ikhethini likhula ngobubanzi, ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye engadini zigcina ibanga elingaba ngu-40 cm. Izithombo zitshalwa kanye nezimbiza ze-peat noma inqwaba enkulu yomhlaba, ukuze kungalimazi izimpande ezintekenteke. Ngemuva kokutshala, i-alissum iniselwa kakhulu futhi ifakwe nge-peat.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino
I-Veissatively alissum ithuthukiswa kuyaqabukela, ngoba ngisho nezitshalo zisetshenziswa engadini zivame ukuba zikhule njengonyaka. Uma bekungenzeka ukuthi kugcinwe isihlahla esikhulu, entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kuyahlukaniswa futhi kutyalwe kabusha. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande, ngakho zama ukusindisa inqwaba yomhlaba.
Ehlobo, ukusika okungama-8-12 cm ubude kunqunywa esihlahleni esinamandla.Babeka amanzi, bese kuthi lapho kufika izimpande batshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Ekuxhumaneni nomhlabathi, iziqu zivame ukunika izimpande. Izendlaleli zingahlukaniswa ngoMeyi-Agasti bese zifakwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
I-Alissum ngeke idinge umzamo omkhulu kusuka kumgcini wegadi. Yize lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengesinokubekezelela isomiso, ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kubalulekile kuso ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Uma kungekho imvula, imbali yezimbali iniselwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, lapho inhlabathi isomile ukufika ku-3-4 cm. Eduze kwezithombo ezincane, udinga ukhula emhlabathini kaningi ususe ukhula. Bazwela kakhulu omakhelwane abanolaka.
I-alissum ngokweqile ayidingekile. Okwenzeka njalo, ukondliwa okungu-1-2 phakathi nonyaka kwanele. Okokuqala, izitshalo zivundiswa entwasahlobo ngamakhompiyutha anokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kufakwa i-mineral solution yezitshalo eziqhakazayo ezine phosphorus ne-potassium. Abangama-feed bondle kaningi kaningi.
Entwasahlobo, i-alissum yonyaka inqunywa, isuse imifino eyomile. Ekupheleni kwezimbali, izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga zilusizo kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ngakho-ke ukhaphethi oluhlaza uzobukeka kahle, futhi ekugcineni kwehlobo isikhathi sezimbali eziphindaphindekayo kungenzeka.
Ama-Alyssums ayakwazi ubusika emhlabathini ovulekile, uma izinga lokushisa lingaconsi phansi--15 ° C. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ekwindla, kuvame ukumane kubhujiswe, okwenza indawo entsha. Ukuze ulondoloze izimbali, ekwindla zimbozwe ngengqimba eningi yamaqabunga awileyo noma amagatsha esihlahla se-spruce. Ebusika, i-snowdrift ephezulu yengezwa. Entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukususa indawo yokukhosela ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze izitshalo zingangxeki.
I-Alyssum iyamelana nezifo zezitshalo, kepha enhlabathini eminyene, egcwele izikhukhula, inezifo zokukhunta (ukulimala sekwephuzile, ukubola kwezimpande, i-Powamy isikhutha). Ukusuka ezifweni, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-fungicides, iBordeaux liquid noma i-sulfate yethusi. Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni weKlabishi, izimbali zisengozini yokuhlaselwa yisidlakudla esibethelwe, isibungu, inundu leklabishi kanye nomhlophe. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukufafaza ngesikhathi ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
I-Alyssum yisisekelo esihle kakhulu. Kusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa ngamatshe, ezivandeni zamatshe, ukuhlobisa umngcele kanye nengaphambili yengadi yezimbali. I-alyssum ihamba kahle nge-rose, i-phlox, ingikhohlwe-hhayi, i-iris ne-tulips. Imvamisa itshalwa ndawonye nezitshalo eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza izimbali zokuqala, ukuze kuthi kamuva ivimbele inhlabathi engenalutho. I-Ampel alissum inhle ngokulinganayo njengesembozo nasesinqeni sezimbali ku-veranda kanye kuvulandi. Zihlotshiswe nangezibonda nama-gazebos asemgwaqweni.
I-Alyssum ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi iyasebenziseka. Amahlamvu nezimbali zawo ziqoqiwe ukulungiselela i-decoction. Umuthi uyawusindisa emakhazeni nasemithanjeni, uyinkohliso enhle futhi uyavuza, futhi usetshenziswa njengethoni yobuso yama-freckles nesikhumba esiyinkinga. Igama lalesi sitshalo lihunyushwe ngokuthi "ngokumelene namarabi ezinja." Ezinsukwini zakudala, i-decoction yesisulu sesilwane esinamarabi sathengiswa yi-decoction.
