IMonarda iyisitshalo somhlobiso wokuqhakaza ovela emndenini wakwa-Iasnatkovye. INyakatho Melika iyikhaya layo, kodwa ngamakhulu ambalwa eminyaka i-monarda ibilinywe ngempumelelo ezingadini zase-Eurasia. Lezi zimbali zingahlobisa ukubukeka komhlaba ngesitayela semvelo. Isihlobo se-oregano, i-monarda nayo isetshenziswa njengokuthosa noma njengesithako etiyeni lamakhambi. Izinhlobo eziningi zinephunga le-mint nelamula, yingakho i-monarda idume kakhulu ngokuthi "imbali ye-bergamot", "i-Indian nettle", "ulamula mint" noma "i-balm elimnandi". Iqiniso lokuthi i-monarda nayo ayikhathalelwa ekunakekelweni, iyenza isitshalo esithandayo kubalimi be-amateur.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IMonarda yinto engapheli. Amahlumela amnyama amelelwa izithombo ezinamandla eziqinile, i-tetrahedral ifinyelela phezulu ngo-60-90 cm.I-pubescence engavamile, enzima ibonwa ebusweni bawo. Iziqu zimbozwe nge-lanceolate eyenziwe nge-serated noma amahlamvu okusaqanda anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Amaqabunga atholakala petioles iDemo ephambene. Ubude beqabunga buyi-6-15 cm, nobubanzi obungama-3-8 cm.Amathiphu amaqabunga akhonjwa.
NgoJuni-Septhemba, iziqongo zamahlumela zihlotshiswe ngama-inflorescences-basketi amakhulu. Ububanzi bawo ngamunye ngamasentimitha angama-6-7. Izimbali ezilula ezimise okwenziwe nge-funnel ezinama-petals amade, athambile ahlelwe ngama-whorls. Umbala we-petals ungaba lilac, onsomi, obomvu noma onsomi.
Izimbali, amaqabunga kanye nezimpande zesitshalo zikhipha iphunga elimnandi, eliqukethe inhlanganisela yamaphunga kalamula, i-tart bergamot ne-peppermint. Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - amantongomane omile, avuthiwe, aqhekeka abe ngamaqabunga ama-2. Imbewu ingamila kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu emva kokuvunwa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-monarda
IMonarda imelelwa izinhlobo ezingama-22 zezitshalo. Okusemqoka yile:
I-Monard iphindwe kabili. I-Herbaceous perennial ikhula ngo-70-150 cm ukuphakama. Inezimpande ezinde, ezinwebekayo, okuvela kuzo, iziqu ze-pubescent. Amahlamvu aluhlaza akhanyayo ahlotshiswe ngephethini ebomvu ye-vein. Amaqabunga amise okwama-oval ephikisiwe akhonjwa ekugcineni, kuthi engaphansi kukhahlwe embozwe ngongoti. NgoJuni, ama-inflorescence aqhakaza e-lilac noma e-violet umbala eziqhakaza eziqongweni amahlumela. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-3-4. Ngayinye iqukethe izimbali ezinde ezingama-30. Ngephunga lawo elikhulu, le nhlobo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "itiye eliqabulayo", "i-balm legolide" noma "i-bee bergamot".
I-Monarda duodenum (tubular). I-perennial enezimpande ze-fibrous system ikhula ibe yizingqimba ezifika ku-110 cm. Ukusuka kuJulayi kuze kube uSepthemba, iziqongo zihlotshiswe ngama-inflorescences afinyelela ku-5 cm ubukhulu. Ama-petals apendwe amhlophe noma ama-burgundy. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga elimnandi lamawolintshi. Inhlobo iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu sezinyosi futhi isetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokwelapha nesiqholo.
Ulamula weMonarda. Ama-perennials ama-15-80 cm amade ambozwe ngamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza we-lanceolate. Ama-inflorescence amancane we-lilac hue anephunga elimnandi le-citrus. Iqhakaza kulo lonke ihlobo.
IMonarda yi-hybrid. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, inqwaba yama-interspecific hybrids asuselwa ku-monad ne-bifida aqoqiwe. Izinhlobo:
- I-Scarlett - amahlahla amile mpo afinyelela ku-90 cm ngoJulayi-Agasti ngamakha amnandi apinki, obomvu noma okhanyayo onsomi (ububanzi ukuya ku-7 cm);
- IMahogany isitshalo esiphakathi nendawo esine-inflorescences ebomvu emnyama, amacembe awo acinene asontekile futhi aqhakaza kakade ekuqaleni kwehlobo;
- I-Elsiz lavender - amahlumela aze afike ku-1 m ukuphakama ahlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence aminyene we-lavender;
- I-Fireball - iziqu ezinde ezifika ku-40 cm ziphakeme zithweswe umqhele ngamabhola aluhlaza okombala wewayini elibomvu;
- ISchneewittchen - isitshalo esifinyelela ku-1.5 m ukuphakama okuqhakaza izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa;
- ILambada - isihlahlana esiphakeme esifinyelela ku-90 cm simbozwe ngezimbali ezipinki noma ze-lilac ezinephunga le-lime.
Izitshalo ezikhulayo
IMonarda isatshalaliswa yimbewu nezindlela zemifino. Ngesizini nje, isitshalo sikhiqiza imbewu eningi. Zingahlwanyelwa izithombo noma ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngale ndlela, izindidi zezinhlobo zezitshalo ziyasakazeka, ngoba izinhlamvu eziguquguqukayo azidluliswanga. ENingizimu yezwe, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari masinyane emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, bazoba nesikhathi sokudlulela phambili, futhi ngo-Ephreli kuzovela amahlumela okuqala. Ngaphambi kokutshala, iqhwa liyasuswa futhi lihlwanyelwe imbewu yafika ekujuleni kuka-2,5 cm. Futhi, abalimi bazijwayeza ukuhlwanyela izilo ebusika. Zombili izindlela zivumelana ngokuphelele. NgoMeyi, udinga kuphela ukuncipha kwezithombo noma ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ukuze ingadi yezimbali ibe munye ngokwengeziwe. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza kuphela emva konyaka.
Ukuthola izitshalo ezinamandla, ungatshala izithombo. Kakade ngoJanuwari, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni enengxube yenhlabathi yengadi nge-peat. Ukuhlwanyela ukujula 20-25 mm. Ibhokisi limbozwe nge-foil futhi libekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle enamazinga okushisa we- + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3, kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhosela kuyasuswa. Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga ayi-2 eqiniso, zidonswa ezimbizeni noma emabhokisini ahlukane ngo-3-4 cm.
Ukusabalalisa i-monarda ehlukahlukene, sebenzisa izindlela zokuxhunyelelwa nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Ama-perennials aneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala ayifanele le nqubo. Engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo, sekumbiwa isihlahla, izimpande zifakwe emanzini futhi zikhululwe ebuthakathakeni bokubumba. Kusetshenziswa blade elibukhali, i-rhizome inqunywa izingcezu. Izindawo zezilayi ezifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Ama-Delenki atshalwa ngokushesha emigodini, enhlabathini ehlangene futhi eniselwa kahle.
Amahlumela aluhlaza kuze kube yilapho efihlekile asikiwe. Kufanele aqukethe amashidi ama-2-4. Amaqabunga aphansi anqunywe ngokuphelele, futhi amapuleti amaqabunga aphezulu ancishiswa ngu-1/3. Ukusika okugxile ezitsheni ngesihlabathi esimanzi. Izitshalo zimbozwe nge-cap ebonakalayo futhi ibekwe egumbini lokushisa lamakamelo nokukhanya okukhona. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, ukusikeka kwakha izimpande. Kuze kube ngu-Agasti, akhule ezitsheni, abese atshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma okusakazwayo kokusatshalaliswa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, izithombo ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokuqina ebusika, ngakho-ke zikhule ezitsheni kuze kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela kwangaphandle
Engadini ye-monarda, kukhethwe izindawo ezivulekile, ezinelanga. Mhlawumbe angakhula ngendlela ejwayelekile nasesimweni esijana. Kudingeka ukuvikeleka kokungakapheli. Ukutshala inhlabathi kumele kube lula futhi kukhanye kahle. Ama-primers oLime ayathandwa. Ekwindla, kumbiwa imbhede yezimbali esizayo, ukhula luyasuswa bese kubanjwa, umquba noma umquba, i-superphosphate ne-lime egxilile kufakwa emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izithombo zenza umanyolo we-nitrogen.
Izithombo zeMonarda zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Endabeni yesithwathwa sesikhashana esifushane, ngeke ihlupheke, njengoba ikwazi ukumelana nokupholisa ukufika ku-5 ° C. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngu-60 cm noma ngaphezulu. Esikhathini esizayo, njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4, isihlahla se-monard sihlukaniswe. Ikhula kakhulu, iba mnene kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwe umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa.
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwe-monarda ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ukhula nokugqoka okuphezulu. Ehlobo, iniselwa kabili ngesonto, nasekushiseni okwedlulele nsuku zonke. Kuyadingeka ukuthi amanzi awawi emafutheni amancane futhi abe nesikhathi sokungena shí emhlabathini. Ukuze umhlaba ungathathwe yi-crust ngemuva kokunisela, ufakwe nge-peat noma nge-sawdust.
Izitshalo ezisencane zisengozini yokhula, ngakho-ke ukhula olujwayelekile luyisihluthulelo ekwakhekeni kwesihlahla esiqhakazayo, esivuthayo. Le nqubo izonikeza nokufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni.
Kusukela ekutshaleni uqobo kuze kufike ekwindla, i-monard yondliwa kabili ngenyanga. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zamaminerali zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, ukugqoka phezulu kwenziwa ngengxube ye-organic ("Mullein").
IMonarda iyamelana neqhwa ifinyelela ku-25 ° C, ngakho-ke ayidingi ndawo yokukhosela. Ubusika, iziqu ezomisiwe zinconywa ukuthi zingathenwa. Bazobamba iqhwa futhi bavikele izimbotshana ekuqandeni. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ihlathi limbozwa futhi ngezinto ezingalukwanga. Entwasahlobo khiqiza ukuthenwa kwezithombo ezomile.
IMonarda isengozini ye-Powdery hlobo. Imvamisa, lesi sifo siqala ngokunisela okunganele. Abalimi balwa nayo ngama-fungicides noma amakhambi abantu: kwanele ukufaka i-120 ml yobisi kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi bese ufafaza amahlumela ngesisombululo. Inqubo efanayo ayenziwa hhayi nje njengokwelashwa, kepha futhi nokuvikela. Futhi, lesi sitshalo singase sihlushwa ugwayi mosaic nokugqwala. Kulokhu, izinqubo ezithintekile ziyanqunywa futhi zichithwe.
Amaqabunga nezimbali ezinamakha ngokwazo zixosha izinambuzane eziyingozi, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi uvikele i-monard ezinambuzaneni. Ihlwanyelwe ngisho nakwezinye izitshalo njengesibulala-zinambuzane esingokwemvelo.
Kusetshenziswa i-monarda
Ekubunjweni komhlaba, i-monarda isetshenziswa engadini yezimbali ehlanganisiwe yohlobo lwendalo, nasekutshaleni iqembu solo, imingcele exubile, kanye nezaphulelo. Abalingani bezitshalo engadini bangaba yi-phlox, i-echinacea, i-lilac, i-delphinium, i-chamomile ne-aster.
Ngenxa yephunga layo elimnandi nelimnandi, i-monarda isetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Kungezwe ukulondolozwa, inyama marinade, amasaladi entwasahlobo, itiye. Amafutha e-Monardic asetshenziselwa ukunakekela isikhumba, ukubuyisela okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwamafutha, ukuvuselelwa, nethoni phezulu. Ama-inhalations ngamafutha kanye nama-decoctions asuka emaqabunga asetshenziselwa i-atherossteosis, i-otitis media, i-sinusitis, i-pneumonia nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
I-decoction ye-inflorescence neziqu kusiza omama bendlu ukuba basuse isikhunta esimnyama ezindongeni zezindlu. Kwanele ukufafaza amabala ngokulungiswa okugxilisiwe noma ukungeze ku-whitewash kanti ukhunta uzonyamalala isikhathi eside.
