I-Wisteria noma i-Wisteria iyi-liana enkulu efana nesihlahla emndenini wakwaLegume. Kungabizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso esiqhakaza ngempela, ngoba kaningana ngonyaka lesi sitshalo simbozwe kahle kakhulu ngemibala emibalabala yezimbali ezintekenteke, efana namajethi emvula enemibala enephunga elimnandi elimnandi. I-Enchanting wisteria itshalwa emapaki nasezingadini. Wenza umbono ohlala njalo kunoma ngubani odlulayo. Indawo yokuhlala yase Wisteria ithinta amahlathi anomswakama angaphansi kweChina neJapan; ikhula kahle esifundeni saseLwandle Olumnyama naseningizimu yeRussia. Abafuyi bakwazile ukuzalanisa izinhlobo eziningana ezilwa nesithwathwa ezilungele isimo sezulu esipholile.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Wisteria ingumvini ongapheli onamandla. Ifanela kusukela kusisekelo impela bese kuthi emva konyaka amahlumela aqine, aqine. Zimbozwe ngegxolo elinsundu ngemifantu ejulile mpo. Ubude bomvini bungafinyelela ku-8-10 m. Iziqu zonyaka wokuqala zimbozwe ngegxolo elibushelelezi lombala we-olive.
Kumahlumela amasha, amaqabunga amakhulu e-petiolate ama-blooms wesimo esingakhokhelwa. Ubude beqabunga elilodwa lifinyelela ku-30 cm. Uqukethe izingxenye ezingama-7-13 ezimise okwamaqanda ezinemiphetho eqinile kanye nesiphetho esikhombe. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama masisha ngemuva kokuvela ambozwe inqwaba emfishane, kepha kancane kancane abe bushelelezi.
Ama-inflorescence amakhulu ezinhlobo ezithile avela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhume. Ezinye ziyaqhakaza ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ama-wisteria aqhakaza aze afike kathathu ngonyaka. Imigqa emide edonswayo inamachashaza amnyama ngezimbali ezincane. Isakhiwo sazo sibonisa yonke imidweshu. I-inflorescence yonke ye-racemose enama-buds ekhula eduze ibukeka njengengubo. Umbala wezimbali uphethwe yimithunzi ehlukahlukene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-wisteria emhlophe, epinki nephuzi nayo iyatholakala.
Lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa impova yizinambuzane, emva kwalokho ubhontshisi omude obucwebezelayo obuvuthiwe noma obuvuvu obuphundu. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu eyindilinga eyindilinga eyindilinga yombala onsundu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zensimu
Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-9 ezibhalisiwe kuhlobo lwe-Wisteria, kepha zintathu kuphela zazo ezidume ngokuklama umhlaba. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabafuyi bezitshalo, izinhlobo zavela zinemibala ehlukahlukene yezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Chinese Wisteria. I-liana enamapulangwe, ekhuphuka ukusekelwa, iyaluza kube yinqaba. Ukuphakama komvini kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-15- 20. Kumbozwe ngamaqabunga avamile angakhokhelwa ngezigaba eziyi-7-13. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, kuphuma ama-inflemcose ama-genemose afinyelela ku-30 cm. Izimbali ezikhanyayo onsomi zibonisa iphunga elimnandi elimnandi. Izinhlobo zithanda ukushisa futhi zikwazi ukubekezelela ukupholisa kwesikhashana esifushane kuya ku-20 ° C. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- I-Alba - ngama-inflorescence amade amhlophe qhwa;
- Ukubanjwa - izimbali emabhulashini okugaya zinesimo se-terry futhi zipendwe ngombala omhlophe ne-lilac;
- ISierra Madre - iqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMashi ngamakhekhe e-lavender-onsomi;
- I-Blue Sapphire - umvini ongafika ku-20 m ubude umbozwe ngamahlamvu amakhulu e-emerald. NgoMeyi, ama-inflorescence amade we-racemose abambelela kuzinyathelo eziguqukayo; izimbali zomphunga onsomi okhanyayo ziyaqhakaza kuzo.
I-Wisteria igcwele. Isitshalo sihlala eNyakatho Melika. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-10-15. Ukukhula akunolaka. Isici esiyingqayizivele ukumelana nesithwathwa kufika ku-35 ... -40 ° C. Izingxenye ezi-7-9 zombala oluhlaza okotshani zikhula pethiole. Ubude beshashi buyi-20-30 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo:
- Inyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ("iBlue Blue") - izinhlobonhlobo zokulwa nesithwathwa zivusa kancane emuva kwesikhathi bese ziyaqhakaza zinamashibhana amnyama ansomi ngombala obabayo;
- IClara Mac isitshalo esingaqinile ubusika obunamasheya amhlophe qhwa afinyelela ku-35 cm ubude.
I-Wisteria ine-multiflorous (izimbali eziningi) I-Liana enezimpande ezihlotshiswe ngezindebe ezikhulayo ubude bayo bube yi-8-10 m. Ngokwesisekelo esime mpo, igibela ngokuqonda endaweni yokuhamba kwewashi. Iziqu ezincane zimbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu amnyama (cishe amasentimitha angama-40) esimilo esingavuthiwe. E-petiole kukhona amabala amaqabunga afinyelela ku-19. Ama-inflorescences ebusika aqhakaza ama-liana amakhulu kakhulu. Ubude beshashi bungafinyelela ku-50-60 cm. Ngenxa yezimbali nama-inflorescence akhiwe eduze komunye nomunye emvinini, umbono wokuqhakaza okuqhubekayo wokuqhakaza izimbali nephunga elimnandi kudaliwe. Amahlumela avuleka kusuka kusisekelo se-peduncle; apendwe ngombala onsomi okhanyayo noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngoMeyi.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
I-Wisteria isatshalaliswa ukusikwa, ukugawulwa komoya, imigomo nembewu. Ukusakazwa kwembewu, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela amabhodwe ngesihlabathi, ishidi ne-turf yenhlabathi. Imbewu ezinkulu zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu komhlaba futhi zingcwatshwe cm 1. Inhlabathi iyaniselwa futhi imbozwe ngefilimu. Imbiza igcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-25 ° C. Imbewu iqhuma ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4. Ukuhluma cishe yi-25%. Amahlumela kudingeka anikeze ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Ifilimu lingasuswa. Lapho kuqala amaqabunga amabili kwangempela, izithombo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amancane ahlukene ngenhlama yomhlaba, ukuze kungalimali imbaza. Kwaphela amahora amaningi ngosuku bacinywa egumbini elipholile. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, izithombo zingakhonjwa indawo engapheli engadini. Ngeshwa, le ndlela ayisebenzi kakhulu. Ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10, kanti izimfanelo zokuhlukahluka zidluliselwa enganeni.
Indlela elula kakhulu yokuthi umlimi ojwayelekile akhiqize indlela yomoya. Ngaye, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, benza ukusikwa okuyi-oblique ngokudubula konyaka. Isiqu siyanyathelwa futhi sicwiliswe esitsheni esinomhlaba. Abaphezulu kufanele bahlale bekhululekile. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-3, kuze kufike engxenyeni yalezi amahlumela zinezimpande. Ukhuphula ukhula lwenqaku, isilwana siphathwa ngokulungiswa kwezimpande. Ngo-Agasti, ukubeka izisekelo kuzobe kuqinile impela, kepha umnyango uzokhiqiza entwasahlobo ezayo.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukusikwa konyaka owodwa kuvuniwe. Ngamunye kufanele aqukethe ama-internode angama-2-3. Amagatsha axhumeke kwisigaxa esincane abekwe ebhodweni elinomhlabathi omanzi. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukusikwa kususwa kusukela enqolobaneni futhi kutshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa okubandayo noma ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ihlamvu ngalinye limbozwe ngepulasitiki. Lapho isiqu sinezimpande futhi ama-buds evulekile, isicephu siyasuswa.
Indlela yokugibela ilungele kuphela abalimi abanolwazi. Ukugonywa kwezitshalo ezihluka-hlukeneyo kwenziwa ezimpandeni. Inqubo yenziwa ngoMeyi-Juni, ukuze lesi sitshalo sibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ngokutshala i-wisteria kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga, efudumele evikelekile kokungakapheli. Uzoba ntofontofo ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu lwendlu noma uthango, lapho iningi lesikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga liqonde khona. Ngokushoda kwelanga, ukuqhakaza nokuthuthuka kuncishisiwe.
Ukutshala i-creeper kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, lapho iqhwa selincibilikile ngokuphelele futhi umhlabathi ufudumala. Amafriji wesikhathi esifushane azo zonke izinhlobo ze-wisteria awawona amabi, kodwa kungcono ukulinda aze adlule. Ukutshala inhlabathi kumele kube okunempilo futhi kukhishwe kahle. I-Wisteria ithanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ethambekele kancane. Ngokwesithombo ngasinye, umgodi wokufika ulungiswa ufike ku-60 cm. Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwezimbiwa kungeniswe emhlabathini.
Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziniselwa kahle. Udinga ukulungele iqiniso lokuthi unyaka wokuqala we-wisteria uguquguquka isikhathi eside futhi ukhula kancane. Kungemva kweminyaka emi-2 kuphela kuphela lapho amahlumela amade amancanyana aphenduka abe iziqu eziminyene ezifana nesiqu sesihlahla.
Izimfihlo Zokunakekela
I-wisteria ebukekayo idume ngomlingiswa wayo ongaziwa. Kakade sekuvela iminyaka engama-2-3 ama-inflorescence okuqala, futhi emva kweminyaka embalwa eyengeziwe isibalo semigexo egelezayo kuzoba nzima ukubala.
Ukunisela. I-Wisteria kufanele iniselwe njalo ukuze inhlabathi imanzi kancane, kepha yomile engxenyeni ephezulu. Kwisimo sezulu esomile, amabhakede amanzi ayi-1-2 athululelwa masonto onke ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Kunconywa ukufafaza amahlumela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokukhula okusebenzayo, ukuchelela kufanele kube kuningi. Kusukela ukuphela kwehlobo, ukuthambisa kunciphisa kancane kancane futhi kulungiselele lesi sitshalo ubusika.
Umanyolo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-wisteria iphekelwa ngezingoma ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen. Ngemuva kwesikhashana yenza ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein noma komquba. Ukuze inhlabathi ingavumbi, kunconywa ukuthi uvundise i-wisteria ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi eshishi.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele. Isitshalo sidinga i-garter kanye nokuholwa kwayo yonke amahlumela amasha. U-Liana uthola ukukhula kwesisindo ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukusekelwa kwakhe kumele kube okuthembekile futhi okuzinzile. Kunezindlela ezi-2 eziphambili zokwenza umqhele:
- Isitembu - ukwakheka kohlobo lwesihlahla. I-central, ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu lishiywe, linqume izinqubo ze-lateral ezansi. Ekuphakameni okudingekayo, kwakhiwa amagatsha amaningana emithambo. Ifomu elifanayo lenziwa nge-miniature, lidala i-bonsai kusuka ku-wisteria.
- I-scratchy - kulo lonke ubude bomvini, izinqubo ezilandelwayo ziyasuswa ukuze kutholwe ukuqothuka okuningana okude ngendlela efanele.
Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okuthe xaxa, ukugawulwa kwama-liana kwenziwa kabili ngonyaka. Ukukhwabanisa kokuqala kuhlelwa ekugcineni kwezimbali. Zonke izinqubo ze-lateral zinqunywa yi-2/3. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ngoNovemba, ingxenye yamagatsha amadala nabasha asuswayo. Izimbali ezimajikijolo zakhiwa ngezinqubo ezimfushane zalonyaka wamanje. Kunconywe futhi nokuhluza i-inflorescence ewohlokile.
Ubusika. Izitshalo ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala esivulekile zinconywa ukuthi zisuswe ku-trellis zibekwe emhlabathini ngaphezulu kwamabhodi amaningana. Ukusuka ngaphezulu lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngamaqabunga awile namagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Izinhlobo eziningi zeqhwa azibekezeleli kahle, imvamisa izeluleko zamagatsha. I-Blue Moon Wisteria kuphela engatshalwa enkabeni yeRussia. Kepha ngisho nesisekelo saso sesiqu simbozwe ngama-lutrasil namaqabunga awileyo.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Ngekhwalithi emnyama yomhlabathi, i-wisteria ingahlaselwa yi-chlorosis. Lesi sifo sivinjelwa ngokufaka umanyolo ngosawoti wensimbi. Kwesinye isikhathi emaqabunga ama-cicadas, amacimbi, izimbuzane ze-clover noma ama-aphid zihlala. Esibonakalisweni sokuqala sezimuncagazi, lesi sitshalo sifafazwa ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
I-Wisteria in landscaping
Umvini omkhulu okhula ngokushesha udinga indawo eyanele, ngakho-ke esivandeni esincane isitshalo esisodwa sanele. Itshalwe eduze kwezindonga zendlu, eceleni kocingo, eduze kwe-arbor noma i-pergola. Ngosizo lekhava eluhlaza, ungagcina amabhilidi amabi. I-Wisteria ayigcini nje ukudala udonga oluhle oluhlaza, kepha futhi ichitha inani elikhulu lama-inflorescences aqhakazile.
Ngaphezulu kwendawo enkulu, imidwebo esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemikhawulo evela ku-wisteria ibukeka kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa izitshalo eziningana zezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo noma uhlanganise izinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukene yama-inflorescence. Ngemuva kwalokho uthola uthingo oluhle ngokumangazayo.
Ama-Hyacinths, ama-daffodils, ama-tulips kanye ne-daphne kuvame ukutshalwa ezansi komvini. Ukuzijabulisa ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-thermophilic, ungatshala i-wisteria eshubhu. Ehlobo kuyathathwa kusiyiswa engadini, futhi ebusika kuhlanzwa egumbini eliqhakazile kodwa elipholile (+ 10 ... + 12 ° C).
