Izici ze-ulethisi ekhulayo - imithetho yokutshala nokunakekelwa, izinyathelo zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane

I-ulethisi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi u-anyanisi, kepha lesi siko asihlangene nomndeni we-anyanisi. Ukutshala lesi siko kunesici esithile.

Mhlawumbe, igama livele ngenxa yokuthi uma ubamba le saladi engadini isikhathi eside, ithola intukuthelo ephawulekayo.

Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe i-ulethisi, sibone isithombe, ukuthi sikhula kanjani, thola ukuthi yiziphi izici zokulima kanye nezindlela zokubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhule kakhulu?

Leafy

• Ibhajibhini ibhola;
• Levistro;
• Constance;
• Concord;
• Qopha;
• Okuncane;
• U-Anthony;
• URubett;
• Okuhlaza;
• I-Coral;
• I-Red Coral;
• I-Grenada;
• Kucheryavets Odessa;
• Lollo Blonda;
• ULollo Rossa;
• Lollo Bionda;
• Lollo Gorbi.

I-Cabbages

• U-Etti;
• Olzhich;
• I-Godard;
• Omkhulu;
• I-Senator;
• Laravera;
• Romain.

Kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ndawonye?

Kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo embhede owodwa, uma nje ibanga elidingekile ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo ligcinwe, ngoba ukuqina kwe-plantings akubekezeleli i-lettuce.

Isithombe

Uzobona esithombeni ukuthi i-lettuce ikhula kanjani:

Indlela yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile?

Izithombo zokuhlwanyela amabhokisi zitshalwe phakathi nangoMeyi, ngaphambi kokuba kungcono ukuyihambisa, ngoba lesi sitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa okubandayo okwamanje. Ehlobo uhlwanyela izinhlobo ezinomphela eziphikisana nezibhamu.

Ama-saladi ahlumela kabusha ahlwanyelwa ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20, eqondiswa - izikhathi ezintathu: entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kukaJuni naphakathi kukaJulayi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amahlumela amancane akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube yi--2, futhi akhulile futhi aqinile ku- -5.

Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi nokuthi yini ongayithenga?

Inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela i-ulethisi akufanele ibe yi-acidic. Akuthandanga noma ku-alkaline. I-acidity yenhlabathi ingalungiswa ngokufaka ufulawa noma i-dolomite ufulawa, ngesilinganiso samagremu amabili kuya kwamakhulu amahlanu ngamamitha ayizikwele.

Ukuze uthuthukise ukuzala esikhathini sokuwa, kubalulekile ukuhlakaza umquba noma umanyolo ngesilinganiso samabhakede owodwa noma amabili kumitha wesikwele. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi okungcono kunomxube we-turf land, humus nesihlabathi, enye inhlobo yensimu engadini, i-coconut fiber kanye ne-biohumus. Ungathenga ukwakheka okwenziwe ngomumo - indawo efanelekayo kwezitshalo zemifino. Izindleko zephakeji elingu-5 litre yenhlabathi eMoscow zihluka kusuka kuma-ruble angu-52 kuya kwangu-72, kuye ngokuthi umenzi, eSt. Petersburg kusuka kuma-ruble angu-50 kuya kwangu-63.

Amadwala, ubumba obanzi, izitini eziphukile noma amatshe amancane asetshenziswa njengamanzi ekwakhiweni kwekamelo.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Imbewu ye-ulethisi incane, imnyama. Ungaziqoqa wena noma uthenge esitolo. Imbewu kufanele ihlelwengokususa yonke imbewu eyonakalisiwe nenqubo. Ukuze i-disinfection kufanele ibekwe imizuzu engu-15-20 emanzini ekushiseni kwamazinga angamashumi amahlanu. Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu imizuzu emithathu igcinwe emanzini abandayo, bese isuswa futhi isomisiwe.

Ukuhlwanyeka kwenzeka kanje:

1. Izwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kudingeka lihambise futhi likhulule.
2. Yakha umbhede.
3. Ngezinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo, isikhala esiphakathi kwezitshalo kufanele sibe okungenani ngu-20 cm, ngokuba ubude okungenani ama-30 cm.
4. Imbewu igxila ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cm.
5. Ulale phansi.
6. Ukuchelela kokuqala kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezimbili.

Ukusuka izithombo

Akuthandwa kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nenzalo, indlela yokufika. Ubunzima bokuqala ukukhetha usuku lokuhlwanyela, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi lesaladi liyingozi kakhulu, kodwa izithombo zidinga ukuhanjiswa ukuvula umhlaba emasontweni amabili ubudala. Ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe amasonto amabili ngaphambi komzuzu lapho kusetshenzwa izinga lokushisa elihle.

Inkinga yesibili ukuthi isaladi ayibekezelelani ukuguquka. Ngakho-ke, iphethini elilandelayo lokufika lizobe lihle kakhulu:

1. Imbewu yezithombo kufanele ihlwanyele embizeni noma i-cube.
2. Uhlume amahlumela futhi ugeze ngesonto nge-fertilizer eyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi.
3. Izithombo ezimisiwe - ukuvumelanisa amahlumela emoyeni ovulekile.
4. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibonakale sibonakala njengesikhwama esincane samaqabunga - kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuyihambisa ukuze ivule phansi.

Lokhu kwenziwa kanjani ekhaya?

I-lettuce iyakwazi ukukhula ekhaya, kokubili ehlobo nasebusika. Akudingekile ukuthatha ukutshalwa kwamafomu eklabishi - ayinasisekelo kakhulu. Izihlobo ezifanele kakhulu zokulima zasendlini yiBatavia.

I-lettule iyinto ekhethekile kakhulu ngokukhanya, ngakho-ke izimbiza zezitshalo zibeka phambili efasiteleni eliseningizimu noma eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ebusika, udinga ukuhlela ukukhanya okungeziwe.

Inqubo yokufika kanje kanje.:

1. Njengesiqukathi sokutshala kungcono ukhethe ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinomthamo wamalitha amabili kuya kwezingu-10-35 ngamasentimitha kanye nobukhona obunomthwalo wemigodi yamanzi.
2. Ukucwilisekisa inhlabathi ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate bese ugcwalisa ibhodlela, ungangeni emaphethelweni 2.5 - 3 cm.
3. Emhlabathini yenza i-groove, amamitha amahlanu ajulile, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamasentimitha ayishumi.
4. Endaweni ye-groove imbewu bese ufafaza umhlaba omncane. Kancane kancane.
5. Ibhodlela lihlanganiswe nephakheji ukudala izimo zokushisa bese kufakwa endaweni emnyama.
6. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, isikhwama sisusiwe futhi sidluliselwa ekufikeni kwefasiteleni.

Kukhula ngokushesha kangakanani ekhaya nasensimini?

Isiko sisaqala ukukhula, ngakho-ke ukuze uhlale unemifino lapho ukhula ekhaya, i-ulethisi kufanele itshalwe kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izitshalo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni inyanga emva kokutshala imbewu.

Ungayinakekela kanjani?

• Uma ukutshala kwe-ulethisi kuzonyanyiswa, ngeke kwenzeke ukuvuna isivuno esihle, isiko sidinga ukunciphisa. Yenza kabili. Iviki lokuqala emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, eshiya ibanga phakathi kwawo 1-2 cm, okwesibili ngemuva kokwakheka kwamaqabunga amabili weqiniso, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-4-5.
• Ukunisela kufanele kube nokuningi, futhi kungabikho umswakama okwanele okutshala umcibisholo. Kodwa futhi akudingekile ukuba umhlabathi ube mnandi kakhulu - kuzoholela ekuqotheni kwamaqabunga aphansi kanye nezimpande.
• Uma ukhula ekhaya, umoya wangaphakathi kanye namaqabunga aphethwe ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu kukuletha kanye ngamasonto amabili. Umanyolo ofanelekayo wezitshalo zangaphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaminerali e-nitrogen kunqunyelwe, i-ulethisi ingaqongelela i-nitrate. Ungenza futhi umquba.
• Ngakho-ke isitshalo sinothando, lapho igumbi eliqukethwe ekwindla-ebusika lizodinga izibani ze-dosvechivanie fluorescent, okumele zifakwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamentimitha angu-50 kuya ku-60 kusuka kulesitshalo bese zifaka amahora angu-2-5. Ngokuphelele, amahora okukhanya kwelanga kufanele ahlale amaminithi ayishumi nambili kuya ku-15.
• Ukushisa kufanele kugcinwe ku-+15 degrees, isaladi ikhetha ukuphola, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekomisweni kwamaphuzu amaqabunga bese kuqhuma isibhamu.

Nini ukuvuna?

Uthisi ngokushesha ukhula imifino, kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zeqabunga, ungakwazi ukuvuna ezinsukwini eziyishumi emva kokuba isitshalo siqale ukuthuthukisa. Lapho kuvunwa, noma kuhlwitwa noma amaqabunga angaphandle angasuswa. Ngemva kwamasonto amane, lesi sitshalo siqala ukudubula, sisuswa futhi sitshala senziwa futhi kule ndawo.

Ukuhamba kwe-Lettuce kuthathwa njengokulungele ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokukhishwa kwekhanda. Ungakwazi ukucacisa lokhu ngokucindezela phakathi, uma kunzima - isaladi isilungele ukudla. Ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni futhi akukhuthazwa ukuba ukwenze ngemuva kokunisela.

Izifo nezinambuzane

• I-Perinosporosis - Futhi ubizwa ngokuthi i-downy isikhutha. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukunqotshwa kwezitshalo ezincane. Emaqabungeni aphansi, ezinhlangothini zawo ezingenhla, ama-yellow specks of shape engavamile akhiwa. Kancane kancane bayakhula futhi bathatha umthunzi obomvu, bahlangane futhi amaqabunga aqala ukufa. Lesi sifo siwufungal, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwengaphakathi lamaqabunga ungabona izinhlamvu ze-fungus-pathogen, efana ne-plaque evulekile.

  Izinyathelo zokulawula zihlanganisa ukususwa kwazo zonke izitshalo ezithintekile kanye nokwelashwa kwezitshalo nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Uma ukunqotshwa akunamandla, ungasebenzisa izindlela zokupheka ezithandwayo, isibonelo, ufafaze izitshalo nge-garlic infusion noma amaqabunga etiye.

• I-Septoria. Isifo se-fungal esithinta amahlamvu, imbewu, nama-testes. Kuboniswe ngesimo samabala obuhlaza okwesimo esingavamile. Ukulwa nalesi sifo kwenziwa ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ze-fungicidal.
• Ukuphawula kwamagciwane. Lesi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane e-phytopathogenic. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho kuqhuma ukuqhuma. Kubonakaliswe ngendlela yamanzi amaningi, okugcina aguquke futhi akhule. Ishidi limile futhi lifa. Le mpi yenziwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ingxube ne-Bordeaux ingxube.
• Izifo ze-phytoplasmic. Ama-causative agents of the lesi sifo yi-fungi, isitshalo siyeka ukukhula, okuhlukahlukene akusho ukuthi kungenzeka. Ungakwazi ukulwa nosizo lwezidakamizwa ze-fungicidal.
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Amaqabunga ashisayo namaqabunga. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngama-aphid nama-nematodes. Ukulwa kwenziwa ngezinambuzane.

Izinambuzane

• I-Stem Salad Aphid - udla amaqabunga amaqabunga, ngenxa yokuthi aphikisana ne-lettuce ayeka. Ukulwa nezinambuzane nge-tomato leaf tincture exutshwe nesepha.
• Slugs - udle isitshalo, ngakho kufa. Ungabalwa nabo ngosizo lwezicupho ezivela ezicucini zamabhodi. I-Slugs izikhahla ngaphansi kwazo futhi zingaqoqwa.

Ungakuvikela kanjani izifo nezinambuzane?

• Qaphela ukulima kwe-agrotechnology.
• Ukuze ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele, ugxile esifundeni nasezimo zezulu.
• Uma ukhula izithombo, i-biofungicides ingasetshenziswa esigabeni sokuxuba inhlabathi.
• Abadluli be-Lettuce akufanele babe yiziphathamandla zezifo.

Ukukhulisa i-lettuce ensimini, nasezindaweni zasendlini, umcimbi othakazelisayo kakhulu. Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwesitshalo kanye ne-agrotechnology elula kuzovumela ngisho nesimiya sokuqala ukuba uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu.