I-Hippeastrum: incazelo, amathiphu wokunakekela + amaphutha

I-Hippeastrum iyimbali engomndeni wakwa-Amaryllis. Izindawo zokusabalalisa - izindawo ezishisayo nezingaphansi kwe Melika, i-Amazon basin river. Isitshalo saqala ukubonakala eYurophu ngekhulu le-16.

Incazelo

Imbali ibalwa njengama-perennials amakhulu. I-bulb inesimo sesigaxa, iqukethe isiqu esifushane nesiqinisile. Ubungako bawo buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesitshalo futhi lungasukela ku-50 luye ku-100 mm.

Amahlamvu awasemgqeni ngesimo, ubude bawo buyi-50-70 cm, abekwe ngokuhlukile, emigqeni emibili. Umbala uluhlaza, kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga abomvu. Ama-inflorescence anesimo sesambulela futhi aqukethe izimbali ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha zabobabili ubulili.

Izimbali zikusimo se-tube noma i-funnel, umbala kusuka kubomvu obumnyama kuya kokumhlophe. Izithelo ziyibhokisi le-tricuspid lapho imbewu ye-hippeastrum ivuthwa khona, cishe ukuqunjelwa kwe-100%.

Ukuqhathaniswa kweHippeastrum ne-Amaryllis

Abalimi bezimbali abaqala ngokuvamile abawuboni umehluko phakathi kwe-hippeastrum ne-amaryllis, noma babheke lezi zimbali njengesitshalo esisodwa. Abamele laba bezimbali ngempela bayizihlobo futhi babelwe emndenini ofanayo, kepha banezizukulwane ezihlukile.

Naphezu kokufana okuthile kwalezi zimbali, lezi zitshalo zinomehluko omningi:

Isici	I-Hippeastrum	I-Amaryllis
Isikhathi sokuphumula	Kusukela ngoSepthemba kuze kube sekupheleni kobusika.	Kusukela ngoJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
Izimbali	NgoFebhuwari-Mashi.	Autumn (lapho isikhule ekhaya - eduze nesiqalo sobusika).
Ukuzala	Lapho sezikhulile endlini, izingane azakhiwa.	Kwenziwa izingane njalo ngonyaka.
Ukubonakala kwe-peduncle	Hollow.	I-Corprov.
Inani lezimbali ku-inflorescence	2 kuye ku-6.	8 kuya ku-12
Amamatheke	Akuzwanga.	Kugcotshwe.
Ukwenziwa kwe-Peduncle	Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwepuleti lesine lephepha noma ngokufana nalo.	Ekuqaleni, isiqu sezimbali siyakhiwa, futhi ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula - amahlamvu.
Impilo yomjikelezo weLife	Kuvunyelwe ukuthumela ngokungemthetho ukuphumula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuqhakaza okuvela ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.	Umjikelezo wempilo awunakushintshwa.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hippeastrum

Lesi sitshalo sifaka izinhlobo ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2000, kepha i-hippeastrum hybrida (i-hybrid) isikhule ezimeni eziningi ngaphansi kwezimo zangaphakathi. Ngokubuka usayizi nesimo sesitshalo, kwenziwa isigaba esikhethekile eRussia esihlukanisa zonke izinhlobo zezimbali ngamaqembu ayi-9:

Iqembu	Izinhlobo
Izimbali ezinkulu	I-Showmaster (umbala - obomvu-omhlophe, amahlamvu aluhlaza okotshisiwe). UHermes (obomvu okhanyayo). I-Charisma (umbala - opinki, amaqabunga abunjiwe ngebhande).
Kugeleza okumaphakathi	I-Lemon Star (umbala - ophuzi okhanyayo). I-Medzhik Green (umbala - ukusuka omhlophe kuya ku-beige, amahlamvu emgqeni, ubude).
Izimbali ezincane	Indlulamithi (umbala - i-beige). USanta Cruz (opinki). I-Bianca (imbali yeqhwa emhlophe qhwa).
I-terry enombala omkhulu	I-Peak emhlophe (amhlophe qhwa anamaqabunga). I-Nymph emnandi (izimbali ezipinki ezinama-budd eqondiswe phezulu). ILady Jane (umbala - obomvu-mhlophe, onakekelwa kwekhaya okuseqophelweni, ungaqhakaza kabili ngonyaka).
I-Terry-flowered terry	I-Alfresco (isitshalo sikakhilimu esinama-peduncle amathathu). I-Elvas (umbala - ama-multicolor, amahlamvu anqabile futhi amancanyana). UPasadena (obomvu-mhlophe, onama-peduncle aphezulu).
Terry ezincane-zezimbali	Ama-Zombies - isitshalo sezinyo lendlovu esinemivimbo ye-salmon, i-drooping buds, amakhanda phansi. I-Foliage yakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye ngezimbali.
USibistr	I-La Paz (umbala - omhlophe-opinki). I-Chico (isitshalo esinesimo esingajwayelekile sezimbali, amahlamvu - amade, anamathiphu abukhali). I-Tiramisu (umbala - ophuzi-ophuzi).
Umumo we-Orchid	I-Exotic Star (umbala - ukhilimu onama-salmon-red blotches, amahlamvu akhonjwa). I-Ruby Star (imbali ebomvu ecebile enemisipha e-grey-ons, ayikho iphunga).
Tubular	IGerma (umbala - luhlaza okhanyayo, amahlamvu akhonjwa). I-Santiago (umbala - obomvu noma onsomi, amacembe acinene amade).

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwezimbali

Lapho unakekela imbali ekhaya, kunconywa ukuthi unake isikhathi sonyaka:

Isikhathi nenkathi yentuthuko	Imodi yokushisa	Ukukhanyisa nendawo	Umswakama
Mid Septhemba - ukuphela kukaJanuwari (isigaba esishubile)	+ 10 ... + 12 ° C.	Akudingi ukukhanyiswa, kunconywa ukuyibeka endaweni eyomile, emnyama.	Ukunyakaza kwenziwa kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Ukuphela kukaJanuwari - ukuqala kukaFebhuwari (ukwakhiwa kwamahlamvu)	+ 25 ... + 30 ° C.	Khanyisa ukukhanya, weluleka ukubeka egumbini elimnyama.	Ukunisela okukhanyayo (inhlabathi icishe yome)
Ukuqala kukaFebhuwari (ukwakheka komcibisholo wezimbali)	Ngaphezulu kuka-20 + C, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-peduncle kuyasheshiswa, ngaphansi kuka + 18 ° C inqubo incipha.	Isibani esikhanyayo esikhanyayo, isitshalo sibekwa efasiteleni.	Umswakama uyakhula kancane kancane, umhlabathi kumele ube manzi kancane.
Ukuphela kukaFebhuwari - maphakathi no-Mashi (izimila)	+ 16 ... + 20 ° C.	Isibani esikhanyayo, isitshalo sitholakala efasiteleni eliseningizimu yendlu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kufanele ujikeleze imbali ezungeze izembe ukuze kungabikho zimpawu.	Ukunisela njalo.
Mid Mashi - Novemba (amaqabunga asebenzayo)	+ 18 ... + 22 ° C.	Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunconywa ukuba kubekwe emigwaqweni, endaweni lapho ilanga eliqondile lingawi khona.	Izinga lokusebenzisa umswakama liyancipha kancane kancane lize lime ngokuphelele.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela kakhulu isitshalo esidingekayo kuphela lapho kufika izimbali, kanti izikhukhula akufanele zivunyelwe. Njengoba isikhathi se-dormant sisondela, imvamisa yokuphuza kungcono ukunciphisa, futhi lapho ukufa kwawo wonke amahlamvu kwenzeka, yeka ngokuphelele. Kuvunyelwe ukuthulula kuphela amanzi amancane kwisigaxa ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande luqhubeke lusebenza.

Esiteji esishisayo, inhlabathi lapho kukhule khona imbali kufanele yomile, ngoba izinga eliphezulu lomswakama lingadala ukubonakala kwamahlamvu asencane, okuzosithinta kabi isimo sezimbali.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukondla lesi sitshalo kuyelulekwa ngokushesha lapho sekuphelile. Ukutshala kuyadingeka ukwakha amandla ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali sekuqediwe, ukukhula kwamahlamvu ngokushesha kuyabonakala, ukwakheka kwesikali se-bulbous, okuthi ngemuva kwalokho kube nomthelela ekubukekeni kwezimbali ezintsha. Kulesi sigaba, kuyalulekwa ukuthatha imbali emoyeni omusha.

Ngenqubo yokukhula kwamahlamvu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sondliwe kanye ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, isixazululo se-mullein sithathwa njengomanyolo ongcono kakhulu (ilitha eli-1 lomkhiqizo lihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi ahlanzekile).

Ukufakelwa

Ukufakwa kwezimbali kuyadingeka ukwenziwa minyaka yonke, kuphela uma lesi simo sihlangabezana, isitshalo sibukeka sihle kakhulu. Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokufakelwa izidakamizwa zithathwa njengezilandelayo:

ngaphambi kokubekelwa indawo yokuphumula;
emva kokuphela kwe "hibernation";
ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
ngemuva kokuqhakaza (uma kuthinta kuphela isitshalo esitholile).

Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele futhi unqume ukwenza ukufakelwa, kufanele uqale wenze uchungechunge lwezenzo:

izikali ezifile zisuswa ngokucophelela ku-bulb;
i-rhizome iyahlolwa, uma kunesidingo, izindawo ezinezimpande ezifile noma ezibolile ziyanqunywa, izindawo ezisikiwe ziphathwa nge-fungicides.

Umhlabathi wokutshala i-hippeastrum kufanele ukhethwe okungaxutshiwe, okukhanyayo, okune-acidity ephansi nenani elikhulu lezakhi zomsoco nosawoti wamaminerali. Lapho uthenga umhlaba, kufanelekile ukuyeka ukukhetha emhlabathini ukuze kube nezitshalo ze-bulb, emva kwalokho kuxutshwe nesihlabathi noma i-vermiculite.

Ngokuzilungiselela komhlaba, hlanganisa inhlabathi eshidi (izingxenye ezi-3) ne-humus (ingxenye eyodwa).

Ukuze ukhule i-hippeastrum, ibhodwe elinezindonga lizobe lifanelekile, elizotholakala ebangeni elingaba ngu-3 cm ukusuka ku-bulb. Isendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi sitholakala ngaphansi kwesitsha.

Lapho utshala i-bulb, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iningi layo liphezu kwamanzi.

Ukuzala

Indlela elula yokusakazeka kwezimbali ukusetshenziswa kwezingane, kepha abalimi baya ngokwanda okwenza ukwahlukaniswa kwe-bulb.

Ekuhlukaniseni osezingeni eliphakeme, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isibani esinamandla esinempilo, esisikwa sibe ngama-halves amabili ukuze kuzo zombili izilayi kube nenani elilinganayo laphansi nezikali. Indawo esikiwe ifafazwa ngamalahle noma i-carbon eyenziwe isebenze. Okulandelayo, i-lobule itshalwe kungxube ye-peat.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kuzokwakhiwa izingane ezintsha. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, kuzodingeka ukuthi zidluliselwe ebhodweni.

Isitshalo sivunyelwe ukusakazeka ngosizo lwembewu, kepha ukuze sithole izimbali, kuzodingeka ukuthi siphumelele izitshalo ngokwezifiso. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi eminyakeni emibili yokuqala imbewu ayikaze iqhume, futhi azikho izimpawu zomama kuyo.

Ukunakekela Amaphutha

Lapho unakekela i-hippeastrum, abatshali be-novice bangenza amaphutha amaningi:

Ukunakekela Amaphutha	Izimpawu	Ukuqothula
Asikho isikhathi sokuphumula (okushisa ngaphezulu kuka + 18 ° C, ukuchelela noma ukuvundisa akumisi).	Akukho ukwakheka kwamahlamvu futhi ngenxa yalokho okuqhakaza izimbali.	Kuyadingeka ukugcina imithetho ebekiwe yokunisela, ukulawula amazinga okushisa kanye nomswakama esigabeni ngasinye sempilo yesitshalo.
Ukushisa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza (ngaphansi kuka- + 17 ° C).
Ukukhanya okunganele ngesikhathi sezimila.
Ukwehluleka ukulandela imithetho yokufaka umanyolo nokunisela.
Ukugeleza ngokweqile.	Lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula ngokushesha, izinhlamvu ziyabola, izinambuzane ziyabonakala emhlabathini.	Isibazi kufanele simbiwe, sihlanze inhlabathi sihlolwe ukuze silinyazwe. Dlulisela imbali ezweni elisha.
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma izinga lokuphakama.	I-Hippeastrum iba mnyama.	Susa ama-buds athintekile, hambisa i-hippeastrum egumbini elifudumele nelomile.
Ukushoda kwe-potassium noma ukugcinwa kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula egumbini elinomoya omile.	Amathiphu amahlamvu abe nsundu.	Gcoba bese ulungisa isheduli yokudla, uthoba umoya.
Ukukhanya okuqinile.	Izimbali ziyaguquka.	Beka lesi sitshalo endaweni ngombani okhanyayo, lapho kungekho bungozi khona ekuveleleni ukukhanya kwelanga.

Izifo nokwelashwa

Enye yezindlela eziyingozi kakhulu ze-hippeastrum ukushiswa okubomvu kwe-bulb. Uma kwembula amabala noma amahlumela wombala obekiwe, izilonda kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha. Wonke amahlamvu athintekile nohlelo lwezimpande olufile luyasuswa. Zonke izindawo zesiliphu ziphathwa ngeFundazol, Maxim noma iFitosporin. I-bulb ephathisiwe yomiswa isonto lonke, iphinde ihlolwe ukuthi kukhona izilonda, uma ingekho, khona-ke isibani sitshalwe ebhodweni elisha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo singase sihlushwa i-fusarium noma i-anthracnose. Ukwelashwa kuyafana nesifo esedlule. Qiniseka ukuthi ususa zonke izindawo ezithintekile, khona-ke izindawo zezingcezu ziphathwa ngamathuluzi anikela ekusheshiseni ukwelashwa.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izifo zenziwa ngenxa yenhlabathi ekhethiwe ngokungafanele, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ngokweqile, ukungahambisani nemibuso yokunisela, kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya.

Uma zonke lezi zimo zihlangabezana kahle, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizojabulisa abanikazi ngokubukeka okunempilo nokuqhakaza okuhle isikhathi eside.