IStreptocarpus isitshalo esihle esiyinkimbinkimbi yezimbali ezivela emndenini wakwaGesneriaceae. Yakha irosette enkulu yamaqabunga eduze komhlabathi futhi inyibilikisa ama-inflorescence aqhakazile, anjalo, adonsela ukunaka okukhulu. Izwe eliyimbali le liyindawo ezishisayo eningizimu ye-Afrika, eMadagascar nase-East Asia. Imvamisa ukhetha amahlathi anomswakama, omanzi, kepha angakhula emithambekeni yezintaba ngasogwini lolwandle. Ngenkathi i-streptocarpus iyisitshalo esingandile futhi esijwayelekile sabalimi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iya iduma. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-violet yamanga, kepha inomlingisi oqinile futhi ongelutho.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IStreptocarpus iyi-herbaceous perennial ene-Rhizome enamagatsha anamanzi, etholakala engxenyeni ephezulu yenhlabathi. Isitshalo asinaso isiqu. Intamo yomsuka iba nokuqina futhi ingahle igqame. I-rosette yamaqabunga enani elincane lamaqabunga amakhulu akhula ngqo kuyo. Amacembe acwebezelayo anemaphethelo aqinile anomhlabathi onesikhumba, umbala omncane ohlaza okotshani. Bathatha ijamo le-oval futhi bakhula cishe ngo-30 cm ubude nama-cm cm angama-5 ububanzi.
Kusuka kumidwe weqabunga ngalinye kukhiqizwa peduncent ye-pubescent ye-pubescent. Ngaphezulu kwayo kukhona izihlahlana eziningana, ezicindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye. Ubude be-peduncle buyi-5-25 cm. I-inflorescence ingahle ibe nenani lezimbali. Ukuma kwe-corolla kufana nensimbi enamaphilisi ayisithupha afakiwe. Abathathu abaphezulu bavame ukuba mfushane kunokuphansi. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-2-9 cm. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu (ucacile noma umibalabala): upinki, i-lavender, emhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, onsomi, ophuzi. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala entwasahlobo futhi sihlala kuze kube uSepthemba, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ebhodweni, i-streptocarpus ingaqhakaza unyaka wonke. Njengompova wokuvunda, izithelo zivuthwa ngesimo semidumba esontekile. Ngaphakathi kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezincane zobumnyama.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-streptocarpus
Kuhlobo lwe-streptocarpus, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-130 ezirekhodiwe. Iningi lazo lilungele ukukhula ekhaya, kepha izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, ezihlukaniswa ngemibala ehlukahlukene petal nosayizi wokuphuma ngokwawo, zithandwa kakhulu.
I-streptocarpus idwala. Izitshalo zihlala emithambekeni yezintaba nasezindongeni zamatshe eduze nasogwini lolwandle. Amelana nesomiso nelanga elikhanyayo. Ngokwesisekelo, i-rhizome iba lukhuni futhi imele ihlumela elisontekile. Kumiswa kuwo amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza okotshwe njengotshani obunqenqemeni. Ezindongeni eziqondile ezingenalutho zombala oluhlaza olungamabala aluhlaza, kuqhakaza izimbali ezimbalwa kuphela ze-lilac-violet.
I-Streptocarpus Rex (Royal). Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga amade (afinyelela ku-25 cm) amaqabunga e-pubescent nezimbali ezinkulu ze-lilac ezine-cilia onsomi. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungokwamahlathi. Ikhula kangcono emthunzini osesilinganisweni nasomswakama omkhulu.
I-Vendland Streptocarpus. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kuhluke kwesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Isinambuzane ngasinye sikhulisa iqabunga elilodwa elingama-90 cm ubude baso.Phezulu laso lipendiwe luhlaza okotshani, kanti nemithambo ilula. Ngasohlangothini lweshidi, kunqoba ubomvu noma onsomi. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuvela i-peduncle ende, engaphezulu yayo ihlotshiswe ngezimbali zeshubhu ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezi-violet ezingaba ngu-5 cm. Ngemuva kokungcoliswa, izithelo ziyahlanganiswa, bese isitshalo somama siyabuna kancane kancane bese sifa.
I-Streptocarpus hybrid. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa kanye namaqembu okuhlukahluka. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo:
- ds Mozart - ezungezwe amaqabunga agqamile, amaqabunga e-pubescent ku-peduncle ende, enkulu (10-11 cm ubukhulu) izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngenhla eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-ukhilimu ophuzi, ombozwe ngenethi, amacembe aphansi;
- Ama-ds 1290 - imbali enesiqingatha ephindwe kabili enama-petals amhlophe aphezulu kanye nephethini e-yellow-violet engezansi;
- uhlu - izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili-zinephethini le-pink-orange;
- i-rose ye-crystal - imbali enobubanzi be-cm cm ama-petry amacembe amibala emhlophe ambozwe ngephethini le-airy onsomi;
- i-drako - amacembe ama-wavy aqoshwe phezulu anombala opinki ophaphathekile, futhi ngezansi ambozwe ngemisethi ephuzi ethe xaxa;
- ihembe elihlotshisiwe - imisebe ewugqinsi eyisisekelo esisekelweni esimhlophe;
- wow - okusajingijolo abomvu okuphezulu kuxutshaniswa ne-yellow low;
- ikhadi leshumi - i-inflorescence yama-corollas amaningi abomvu-gazi anendawo ephuzi ezintabeni eziphansi;
- I-avalanche - yakha inflorescence emnyama yezimbali ezimhlophe ezinesiqingatha seqhwa.
Izindlela zokuzala
IStreptocarpus ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu nezindlela zemifino. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokukhetha, ngoba izingane azifani nesitshalo sikamama, kepha zingaba nezinhlamvu zazo ezihlukile ezifanelwe yizinhlobo ezintsha. Imbewu ngaphandle kokulungiselela kokuqala ihlwanyelwa esitsheni esingajulile ngenhlanganisela ye-vermiculite, i-peat ne-perlite. Izinto zokutshala ezincane zihlanganiswa kahle nesihlabathi somfula. Kusatshalaliswa phezu kobuso, bese inhlabathi ifafazwa isuka kusibhamu sokufafaza bese imbozwa ngento ebonakalayo. I-greenhouse kufanele igcinwe ekukhanyiseni okukhona futhi emazingeni okushisa we + 21 ... + 25 ° C. Kubalulekile ukuyifaka umoya omncane futhi ususe i-condensation.
Amahlumela avela ndawonye ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5-2. Njengoba izitshalo zikhula, zijwayela ukungabi nendawo yokuhlala, kepha zigcina umswakama ophezulu. Ngokuqala kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso, izithombo ziyahlikihla ngebanga elikhudlwana kwinhlanganisela yenhlabathi ye-peat, moss-sphagnum, inhlabathi yamaqabunga kanye ne-vermiculite.
Ukusabalalisa izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ngokulondolozwa kwezimpawu zomama, sebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo zokusakazwa kwezitshalo:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Isitshalo esineminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo siyakhululwa enhlabathini futhi sihlukaniswe ngokucophelela sibe izingxenye. Imvamisa izingane (izisekelo ezincane) zihlukaniswa izandla, kwanele ukusula izimpande. Uma kunesidingo, amadevu asikwa ngensimbi engaboli. Izindawo ezisikiwe ziphathwe ngekhabhoni esebenze kahle. Izingane zitshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini entsha bese zimbozwa ngesimbozi esibonakalayo izinsuku eziningana ukwandisa umswakama.
- Ukusika kwe-midzi Njengesibambo, ungasebenzisa cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo. Ingane engenazimpande, ishidi lonke noma ucezu lwayo endaweni eqanjiwe iphathwa ngamalahle, bese ingcwatshwa kancane kumanyolo omanzi. Ukufakelwa embozwe nge cap ebonakalayo. Kuyadingeka ukususa i-condensate ngendlela yesikhathi bese ufafaza inhlabathi. Ngokuqala kwezimpande, izitshalo ezisencane, kanye nenhlama ye-moss yakudala, zidluliselwa ebhodweni elisha elinenhlabathi yezitshalo ezindala.
Ukutshala kweStreptocarpus
Yize i-streptocarpuses ingama-perennials, ekhaya kudingeka ukuthi kudluliswe kabusha futhi kuphinde kwenziwe kabusha. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo, izinhlobo eziningi ezivela onyakeni wesithathu wokuphila cishe aziqhakaze futhi zilahlekelwe umphumela wazo wokuhlobisa.
Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe imbiza engajulile kepha ebanzi ngokwanele enezimbobo zokudonsa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki, njengoba ngobumba izimpande ezinciphile kakhulu zikhula zibe sezindongeni, okuthi esikhathini esizayo kuphazamise ukukhishwa kwesitshalo. Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe banzi ngo-2-3 cm kunalena eyedlule .. Ubumba olwandisiwe, izitini ezibomvu eziphukile noma ezinye izinto zokudonsa ezilinganayo ezi-1-2 cm zibekwe phansi.
Inhlabathi yesitshalo kufanele ibe lula futhi inempilo, inezindawo eziphezulu zokudonsa amanzi. Ungathenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yama-violets noma osanta esitolo. Ukuqamba inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngokwakho, kufanele usebenzise izinto ezilandelayo:
- Peat;
- i-vermiculitis;
- isisekelo;
- oqoshiwe we-sphagnum moss;
- ishidi lomhlaba.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ama-Streptocarpuses abhekwa njengezitshalo ezincanyana kakhulu kunokuba, ngokwesibonelo, ama-violets, ngakho-ke afanelekile kubalimi abamatasatasa.
Isibani Isimbali sithanda ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanya nesikhathi eside semini. Ukusuka elangeni lasemini, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo sasehlobo, udinga ukudala ukuvikelwa. Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, izitshalo zibekwa emafasiteleni asentshonalanga noma asempumalanga, ungaziyisa ethaveni. Ebusika, kungcono ukuhlela kabusha ibhodwe efasiteleni eliseningizimu futhi usebenzise isibani sasemuva ukuze amahora okukhanya kwelanga aqhubeke okungenani amahora ayi-14.
Ukushisa IStreptocarpus iba ngcono kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angama- + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, amakamelo apholile (+ 14 ° C) azokwenza. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, kunconyelwa ukufafaza izitshalo futhi kungenise umoya egumbini ngokuvamile.
Umswakama. Le mbali idinga umswakama ophezulu, cishe ama-50-70%, yize ingakwazi nokuzivumelanisa nomoya owomile. Ukuze kufafazwe, kufanele kusetshenziswe izitshalo ezenza inkungu, ngoba amaconsi ezimbali kanye namaqabunga kuholela ekukhuleni kokubumba kanye nokwehla kokuhlobisa. Ebusika, kubalulekile ukubeka i-streptocarpus phambili kusuka ezintweni zokushisa.
Ukunisela. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela isomiso esincane kangcono kunokugcwala inhlabathi. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele yomiswe ngo-2 cm cm, kuye ngobuningi bebonke bembiza. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe emaphethelweni ebhodwe noma epanini. Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside kwamaqabunga namahlumela ngamanzi kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Uketshezi kufanele lube nokushisa ngaphezulu kwegumbi lokushisa futhi lihlanzwe kahle.
Umanyolo. Ukuze unikeze amandla kuma-streptocarpuses ebusika obude nobuningi, kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukufaka umquba emhlabathini. Kwenze lokhu ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza amahlandla ama-3-4 ngenyanga. Isixazululo sendawo yezimbiwa zezitshalo eziqhakazayo noma ama-violets ingeniswa enhlabathini. Umthamo onconyelwe kwiphakheji wehliswa ngo-20%.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
IStreptocarpus isitshalo esizwela kahle futhi esivame ukuhlushwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Kungaba yisikhunta (i-Powdery isikhutha, ukubola okungwevu, ukugqwala kwamaqabunga) noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Imvamisa, kugula kuba khona lapho ukulingana komswakama nokushisa komoya kuphazamiseka noma lapho izingxenye zesitshalo zihlangana njalo namanzi. Ngezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngesikhunta noma ngesixazululo sensipho emnene, futhi nemibandela yokuboshwa kumele ishintshwe. Qiniseka ukuthi unciphisa izindawo ezilimele.
Umoya omile kakhulu emaqabungeni nasezimbali ezinhle ungadala ama-thrips, aphid, mealybugs nezinambuzane zezikali. Ukuba khona kwama-parasites kufinyeza isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali noma kuholele ekomiseni kwezimbali ezingavuthiwe. Ukwelapha izinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe ngezigaba eziningana. Amakhemikhali afafazwa hhayi kuphela emqheleni, kodwa futhi alethwa emhlabathini. Ngokutheleleka kanzima, ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokufaka inhlabathi esikhundleni sawo.
Uma ukuphuma kwe-streptocarpus kubukeka kuphilile ngokuphelele, kepha kungafuni ukujabulisa umnikazi ngezimbali, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokuthola indawo ekhanyayo. Akubalulekile kuphela ubukhulu bokukhanya, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sawo (amahora angu-14-16). Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlaka, ngeke kube lula ukujabulela imibala enemibala yama-inflorescences amakhulu futhi aqhakazile.
