Ama-Strawberry, njenganoma iyiphi into ephilayo, izokhula kahle futhi ithele izithelo ezimweni ezintofontofo. Uma isitshalo sidingi ukusebenzisa amandla aso emzabalazweni wokusinda, siyojabulisa isivuno esihle nokubukeka okunempilo. Enye yezakhi zezimo ezinhle ngumhlabathi ofanele futhi olungiselelwe kahle.
Izidingo zokwakheka nezakhiwo zenhlabathi zama-sitrobheli
Amahlamvu aluhlaza awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezingenamkhawulo kakhulu, kepha lapho ukhetha indawo ongayitshala, kubalulekile ukunaka ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi uyilungiselele kahle. Izidingo zenhlabathi eziyinhloko zokutshala ama-sitrobheli zingokulandelayo:
- inzalo;
- ukukhanya;
- izinga elifanelekile le-acidity;
- ukutholakala okuhle komswakama;
- ukungabikho kwamagciwane nezibungu zezinambuzane.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala ama-sitrobheli kungahlelelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, ngaphandle kwe-acidified kakhulu, i-solonchak ne-calcareous.
Emhlabathini olungiselelwe kahle, ama-sitrobheli azokhula ngokugcwele futhi athele izithelo kakhulu
Ukusebenza kwenhlabathi ngama-sitrobheli
Inhlabathi efaneleke kakhulu yama-sitrobheli i-loam sandy noma i-loamy. Lezi zinhlobo zenhlabathi zinezimpawu eziningi ezinhle:
- lula ukucubungula;
- ukondleka okwanele;
- ukuphefumula kahle;
- izimfanelo ezinhle zokubamba;
- ziyafudumala ngokushesha futhi zipholile kancane.
Izakhiwo zesanti loam nenhlabathi evundile azidingi ukwenziwa ngcono. Lapho ulungiselela indawo yokutshala kule nhlabathi enjalo, kuyadingeka ukubuyisa ukulethwa kwezakhi zomzimba ngokufakwa kwento e-organic (isigamu sebhakede ngemitha yesikwele) kanye nomanyolo onzima wamaminerali.
Okuvundile kakhulu futhi okunamandla okuthembisa ngokutshala ama-sitrobheli ngumhlabathi we-chernozem, kepha, ngeshwa, akuvamile kakhulu ezakhiweni zasendlini
Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi enobumba olunesihlabathi esindayo kungathuthukiswa, kukhuliswe ngezidingo ezamukelekayo. Lapho ulungiselela imigqa yokutshala enhlabathini enobumba, kufanele kufakwe kulokhu okulandelayo:
- Peat;
- isihlabathi somfula wamalahle;
- lime;
- umlotha.
Izithasiselo ze-Peat kanye nesihlabathi zizosebenza njengompuphu wokubhaka, ukhulise izimfanelo ezithola amanzi zenhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwelamula noma umlotha kuzokwenza i-acidity eyengeziwe izoletha i-peat, kuzokhulisa ukuphefumula kwenhlabathi.
Imininingwane ewusizo! Ngebhakede ngalinye le-peat elethwe, engeza izipuni ezi-2 zikafulawa we-dolomite noma ingilazi yomlotha.
Thuthukisa ukuqina kwenhlabathi kanye nokufakwa kokhuni okubolayo:
- i-sawdust entsha iyanyiswa ngesisombululo se-urea (1 tbsp.spoon nge-1 litre yamanzi);
- ufulawa we-dolomite noma umlotha ufakwa ekwakhekeni okunomswakama, kuxutshwe futhi kushiywe izinsuku ezimbalwa esikhwameni esingavunyelwe ngamanzi endaweni efudumele.
Sawdust elungiselelwe ngale ndlela ifakwa emhlabathini ngenkathi ekwindla kwendawo. Umquba wamahhashi ulungile njengomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi yobumba.
Umquba wamahhashi ufudumeza kangcono, usheshe ubeke ukushisa, uhluke ezinhlanyelweni ezimbalwa zezitshalo zokhula futhi empeleni awuthinteki enhlobonhlobo yesici somquba we pathogenic
Inhlabathi enesihlabathi ayicoleki kangako, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlela imibhede enesithako se-peat, umquba, i-humus, ubumba noma ufulawa wokumba kufanele wengezwe kubo. Ukuze udale umbhede ovundile esizeni esinomhlabathi wesihlabathi, lapho ungathola khona isivuno esiningi ngokushesha, ungasebenzisa indlela elandelayo:
- Ukubiya isiza lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona umgibeli.
- Beka phansi kwemibhede yesikhathi esizayo ngesendlalelo sobumba.
- Ngaphezulu kobumba uthele inhlabathi engama-30-40 cm enhlabathi evundile (enesihlabathi, i-loamy, i-loamy, i-chernozem).
Izindleko zokwakha ingadi yokufakelwa zizokhokha ngesitshalo esikhulu se-sitrobheli
Izinyathelo ezithathiwe zizothuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, zikhulise inani layo lokudla okunempilo, futhi zinikeze nomoya owanele wokuqina komswakama.
I-acidity yenhlabathi
Ngokunembile, i-acidity yenhlabathi esakhiweni inganqunywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwelebhu. Ekhaya, ungabeka futhi le nkomba, nangezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Vele, imininingwane enjalo ngeke ilunge ngokuphelele, kepha izosiza ekutholeni izindlela ezidingekayo zokwandisa i-acidity.
Iviniga lethebula lingasiza ekuboneni ubungako be-acid enhlabathini. Udinga ukuthatha umhlaba omncane bese udonsa kuwo nge-acetic acid. Uma kuvela ama-bubble amancane ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi yokuhlola, khona-ke kukhona inani elilinganiselwe likamoya kuyo eliqothula uviniga, okungukuthi, inhlabathi ine-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Uma kungekho ukusabela, singaphetha ngokuthi inhlabathi esecebeni iyi-asidi.
Ukuba khona kokusabela uviniga nenhlabathi kukhombisa ukungathathi hlangothi (okufanekiselwa kwesobunxele), inhlabathi ye-acid ayivezi ukusabela okunjalo (okufanekiselwa kwesokudla)
Enye indlela ukuqapha izinkomba ze-acidity, ezingafaka izitshalo ezikhula endle zesayithi, eziye zasakazeka ngokwemvelo futhi ezinamanani amakhulu.
Ithebula: Izitshalo zezinkomba zenhlabathi ye-acidity
| Uhlobo lomhlabathi | Izitshalo ze-Predominant |
| Inhlabathi ye-Acidic | I-Plantain, i-sorrel yamahhashi, ihhashi, inkawu yasensimini, iminti yensimu, i-fern, i-buttercup ekhasayo |
| Umhlabathi omncane we-acid | I-Cornflower, i-nettle, i-chamomile, i-ukolweni yotshani ezinwabuzelayo, i-quinoa |
| Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi | I-Coltsfoot, iboshwe |
| Inhlabathi ye-alkaline | Isinaphi sesinaphi, imbewu ye-poppy |
Ukulungiswa Komhlabathi Wenhlabathi Yama-Strawberry
Ama-strawberry engadi akhetha inhlabathi enobuthi futhi engathathi hlangothi. Ukwenza inhlabathi enama-acid isebenze ekutshaleni ama-sitrobheli, kufanele ikhiqizwe. Okokwenza i-liming, i-tufa yomfula, ufulawa we-dolomite, imashi, umongo wamatshe, ne-fluff kuyasetshenziswa
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi esanda kwenziwa ingavimba uhlelo lwempande lwama-sitrobheli, ngakho-ke ukuvinjelwa kwenziwa kangcono ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezedlule.
Ukwethulwa kwe-lime kwenziwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokumba
Uma usujahile ngenqubo yokulinganisa, khona-ke kungcono ukuhlehlisa kuze kube ukuthi ama-sitrobheli athatha izimpande futhi aqine.
Ithebula: Umthamo we-lime wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi
| Uhlobo lomhlabathi | Umthamo | Ukusebenza komanyolo |
| Inhlabathi enesihlabathi nesihlabathi | 1-1.5 kg yelimitha ngamamitha ayi-10 skwele. m | Iminyaka emi-2 |
| Inhlabathi enobumba kanye nothokomayo | I-5-14 kg yelimitha ngamamitha ayi-10 skwele. m | Iminyaka eyi-12-15 ubudala |
Nakani! I-Wood ash iyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa i-acidity yomhlaba. Ngaphezu komphumela we-deoxidation, umlotha ungumthombo we-calcium, potassium, phosphorus nezinye izinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo.
I-Wood ash isetshenziselwa ukukhawulela inhlabathi, ngoba iqukethe ukwakhiwa kwayo i-18-36% calcium carbonate
Ukubulala amagciwane komhlaba
Ukuze imizamo yokutshala ama-sitrobheli ingabi budedengu yizifo nezinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe inqubo yokubulala amagciwane lapho kulungiswa indawo yokutshala ama-sitrobheli. Kubaluleke kakhulu emigqeni evaliwe, emagumbini okugcina izithombo nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, lapho izimo ezintofontofo zingadalelwa hhayi izitshalo ezitshaliwe kuphela, kepha namagciwane.
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanzela inhlabathi:
- amakhemikhali;
- i-agrotechnical;
- ngokwemvelo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uhlela inqubo yokubulala amagciwane enhlabathini, kufanele unake lezo zinkinga nezifo ezitholakala esimweni sakho sezulu, uhlobo lwendawo.
Indlela yamakhemikhali
Indlela enkulu yokubulala amagciwane eyikhadi. Ngokuthembekile futhi ngokushesha kubulala amagciwane. Okubi ngale ndlela ukubhujiswa okubonakalayo kwama-microorganisms azuzisayo, ngakho-ke kufanele kusetshenziswe kanye kanye ezinkingeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kulungiselela okulandelayo kulungele kakhulu ukubulala amagciwane inhlabathi yokutshala ama-sitrobheli:
- Isikhunta se-TMTD. Kucubungulwa isikwele esingu-1. amamitha asebenzisa i-60 g kafulawa. Umuthi ubulala ngokuthembekile amagciwane emhlabathini;
- sulfate yethusi. Ukuze kulungiswe, u-50 g wento uyoncibilika ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi uchithe emhlabathini. Umuthi usebenza ngempumelelo ekwelashweni kwenhlabathi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo. I-drug overdose iholela eqinisweni lokuthi inhlabathi ilahlekelwa ukuphefumula kwayo, futhi isibalo sama-microorganisms azuzayo ancipha kuwo. Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngamalungiselelo aqukethe yethusi kunconywa ukuthi kungabi kanye kanye eminyakeni emi-5.
Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngokumelene nezifo zokukhunta, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane ezithile, isisombululo esingu-0.5% - 1% se-sulfate yethusi (50-100 g nge-10 l lamanzi) siyasetshenziswa
Indlela yokuphilayo
Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-microbiological kunikeza imiphumela eminingi emihle:
- inani lamagciwane asemhlabathini ancishisiwe;
- lapho kukhula endaweni yezilimo ezifanayo, ukukhathala kwenhlabathi kuyabonakala. Ama-fungicides webhayoloji ayakwazi ukwenza umehluko kulokhu;
- inhlabathi igcwele i-microflora enenzuzo.
Ama-fungicides asebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ezilungiselela inhlabathi yama-sitrobheli yile:
- I-Fitosporin;
- I-Trichodermin;
- Alirin B;
- I-Baikal EM-1.
Ama-fungicides webhayoloji aphansi anobuthi futhi asebenza kakhulu.
Nakani! Ngokuthaza igciwane lomhlabathi, amalungiselelo emvelo kanye namakhemikhali awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokufaka isicelo kufanele okungenani sibe ngamaviki ama-2.
Indlela ye-Agrotechnical
Izindlela zokulungisa ezobuchwepheshe ezihlelwe kahle zisiza ukuvikela ukuqubuka nokusakazeka kwezifo nezinambuzane, futhi zilondoloze ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo okuhlelwe kahle kungasiza. Izimbangela ezinhle kakhulu zama-sitrobheli yilezi:
- ama-beet;
- ubhontshisi;
- ugarlic
- uphizi
- dill;
- iparsley.
Izandulelo eziyingozi zezingotshani zasengadini zizoba utamatisi, upelepele, amazambane, i-zucchini namakhukhamba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasiko la anezinambuzane eziningi ezijwayelekile ngama-sitrobheli, athambekele ezifweni ezifanayo, ama-causative agents awo athela inhlabathi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-sitrobheli esizeni, kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo ze-siderat. Etshalwe isikhashana, anikeze izithombo ukukhula, bese inqwaba eluhlaza ilinywa enhlabathini.
ISiderata ngumanyolo oluhlaza okhule ngokukhethekile ukubuyisa inhlabathi ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhula, uyicebise ngezakhi ze-nitrogen nezokulandelela kanye nokukhula kokhula
Ngokuthola amagciwane, kungenzeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngokuwachitha ngamanzi abilayo noma ukuwuphatha ngomphunga. Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu, kepha ngenxa yobulukhuni bokubulala ekhaya, ingasetjenziswa ukubulala inhlabathi encane (ngokwesibonelo, ngokutshala izithombo) noma ukufaka amagciwane umgodi omncane.
Nakani! Ukutshala eziqongweni eziseduze nezitshalo zama-sitrobheli ezinjengama-marigolds kanye nama-marigolds kusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo senhlabathi futhi silwe nama-potogens.
I-Mulching Strawberry Ukutshala
Ukutshala izithombo ezotshalwa sitrobheli akugcini ngokuvikela isivuno ezinambuzaneni, ukhula nasezifo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi kwandise ukuzala kwayo. Izinto ezahlukahlukene zingaba semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngesiko:
- hay, utshani noma utshani kuyasiza ngoba ngemuva kokubola kwabo enhlabathini, izinti ze-hay zisakazeka kahle. Le microsoftism enenzuzo ivimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo zokukhunta;
- i-spanbond emnyama ihlinzeka ukufudumeza okusheshayo kwenhlabathi, ivimbele ukomisa ukuphuma kanye nokuvuza, kuyivikela ekhula. Ukuze uvikele inhlabathi ekushiseni ngokweqile ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo, kunconywa ukusabalalisa utshani noma utshani ngaphezulu kwe-agrofibre;
- izinaliti, izigaxa, amagatsha e-coniferous ngesikhathi sokubola ukondla inhlabathi, kwenze kube nokukhululeka, ungavumeli ukusakazeka kwesifo esifana nokubola grey. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mulch acidides inhlabathi, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha kwenhlabathi ethambekele ku-acidity;
- sawdust kanye nokugawulwa kugcina umswakama kahle, kuvimbe ukuthuthukiswa kokhula. Kepha lapho sekwakhiwe, lezi zinto zokwakha umzimba ziqinisa inhlabathi futhi zikhiphe i-nitrogen kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ama-ridging ane-coating mulching enjalo adinga ukufakwa okwengeziwe kumanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile komlotha noma ufulawa we-dolomite ngokumelene ne-acidization yenhlabathi;
- I-mulch kusuka ku-humus kanye ne-compost ivimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile, i-hypothermia, ukomisa ukuphuma, isimo sezulu sinwebule nokuncipha kwenhlabathi. Kepha ungqimba lwesigaxa sez mulch kusuka kulezi zinto zidinga ukuvuselelwa njalo, ngoba ngokushesha lucubungulwa ngamagciwane enhlabathi.
Igalari yezithombe: Strawberry Mulching
- Hheyi, utshani ngaphambi kokuba kuqala kunyakaziswe kahle, komiswe elangeni, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuvela okuphezulu kokuhluma kwembewu yokhula esele
- I-Agrofibre ihlinzeka ngokulungiswa kwenani elifanele lomswakama enhlabathini, futhi futhi ivimbele ukukhula kokhula
- Ukuhlanganisa ama-sitrobheli nge-sawdust kunenzuzo yokuthi lokhu kwaziswa kungakwazi ukugcina umswakama isikhathi eside futhi kuthonye kahle ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
- Ukujikeleza. izinaliti zenaliti zithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ziyondle ngezakhi zomzimba
- I-Humus ifaka noma yimuphi umhlabathi: esihlabathini, igcina amanzi nezakhi endaweni yezimpande, isiza ekwenzeni ubumba olusindayo lobumba lube nomoya omnandi, onomoya, onempilo
Ividiyo: ukulungiselela umhlabathi wokutshala ama-sitrobheli
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinqubo ezingenhla, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngokubhujiswa kwezinsalela zezitshalo zonyaka odlule, ezingaba ngama-pathogens ayingozi, mayelana nokumba okujulile ekwindla kwenhlabathi ngokuvunwa kwezimpande zokhula bese kuthola izibungu, mayelana nezincomo zokubuyisela esikhundleni ungqimba lomhlabathi olungaphezulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo, ngoba izinto eziyingozi zigxile kuzo Amagciwane kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezingadala izifo ezithathelwanayo. Awungeke ushiye isikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi esezingeni eliphakeme lokutshala ama-sitrobheli. Ukuvunwa kwekhwalithi esekhulile kuzoba ngumvuzo wangempela kuyo yonke imizamo nemizamo esetshenziselwe ukudala izimo ezinhle zama-sitrobheni.
