I-Physalis isitshalo esihle futhi esingajwayelekile. Igama layo lihunyushwa lisuselwa olimini lwakudala lwesiGreek ngokuthi "bubble". Futhi, isithelo ngasinye sifihlwe ngaphansi kwamathuna aqhakaze ngokuqinile afana namalambu amaShayina. Uhlobo lungelomndeni wakwaSolanaceae. Abamele bayo bangatholakala e-Eurasia, eSouth kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Ezinye zazo zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlobisa, kanti ezinye zitshalwa kwezolimo, njengezitshalo zemifino nezithelo zomdalo. Amahle ama-physalis phickets lapho ecabanga anika imizwa eminingi emihle, futhi amajikijolo agcwala umzimba ngezinto ezisebenzayo awubi ngaphezu kwekhompiyutha ye-multivitamin.
Ngabe ama-physalis abukeka kanjani
I-Physalis iyi-herbaceous perennial noma yonyaka. Idla ama-rhizomes anezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezingama-20-120 cm ubude eziguqukayo.ingakhula zibheke phezulu noma zisakazeke emhlabathini. Izisekelo zezihlumela ziyaguguleka kancane kancane.
I-Foliage ivame ukwahluka kakhulu. Ibekwe kuma-petioles. Ipuleti elicwebezelayo noma elithambile linomumo we-ovoid noma wesundu onomphetho ongalingani wokusika nesiphetho esikhombe. Imifino inombala olula.
Izimbali ezingashadi emagatsheni nama-axils amaqabunga zitholakala kuma-peduncle amafushane aguqukayo. Indebe ebunjiwe yensimbi icacile ngosayizi. I-corolla emhlophe enama-petals akhombewe iyaphuma kuyo. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi zidonsela ukunaka okuncane.
Ngemuva kokuvunda kwentwasahlobo ekuqaleni kwekwindla, izithelo ziqala ukukhula ngendlela yamajikijolo akhanyayo osayizi abahlukahlukene. Ama-berry afihlwe ngaphansi kwamabhulokhini amancanyana, apendwe ngombala ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu noma oluhlaza okotshani. Ngaphakathi, i-berry ebabayo ifana notamatisi. Inezinhlamvu ezincane ezinjenge-teardrop ezimise okrimu noma ophuzi ophuzi.
Izithelo zabathengisi abathile ziyadliwa, kanti ezinye zinobuthi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlwanyelwe engadini.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Ku-genus Physalis, kunezinhlobo ezingama-124 zezitshalo. Ngokomhlangano, zonke zihlukaniswe ngokudla nokuhlobisa.
I-Physalis ijwayelekile. Umuthi obabayo ongama-40-60 cm ukhula amaqabunga ama-petiole ovate. Ipuleti lamaqabunga elinemiphetho eqinile livuvukala phakathi kwemithambo. Ubude bawo buyi-6-12 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo buyi-4-9 cm.Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinamaphilisi amahlanu ahlanganisiwe zifana nentsimbi esesimweni, ububanzi bawo bungu-1-1.5 cm. I-berry eyindilinga ifihlwe ngaphansi kwezindonga eziqhakaze izimbali. Ubukhulu bezithelo bungafaniswa neqanda lezinkukhu. Amajikijolo ayadliwa, kepha avame ukusetshenziswa njengomuthi. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziholela kubuthi.
Imifino ye-Physalis (yaseMexico). I-hemnnial thermophilic, engabekeki enhlabathini enezimpande ezivuthiwe zezintambo. Inzuzo yayo izithelo ezinkulu ezinobubanzi be-3-5 cm (ngesinye isikhathi kufika ku-7 cm). Banombala ophuzi ophuzi futhi ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Izinhlobo:
- I-Confectioner - izithelo ezinkulu ezimnandi ezinesikhumba esiluhlaza esikhanyayo zilungele kokubili ukhukhamba nama-dessert;
- I-Korolek iyi-thermophilic yezinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe ezinephunga elimnandi futhi isetshenziselwa kakhudlwana kophudingi.
I-Physalis Peruvian. Isihlahla esinotshani obukhulu buthule ngamasentimitha angama-90-160 simbozwe ngamaqabunga athambileko anjengomumo wenhliziyo. Ubude besitsha sepani seqabunga buyi-6-15 cm, futhi ububanzi bube yi-4- 10 cm.Izinsimbi ezincane zezimbali ezinamaphara aphuzi namabala amnyama onsomi ezisekelweni ngemuva kokucoliswa kufakwa esikhundleni sawo amajikijolo ayisiyingi. Izithelo zifihlwe ngaphansi kwamabhulethi ansundu aphuzi onsundu. Ububanzi be-berry buyi-12-20 mm. Inephunga elimnandi lezithelo nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Izinhlobo:
- Iphayinaphu - izithelo zivuthwa ngaphambili kunokwejwayelekile futhi zinephunga eliphakeme likaphayinaphu;
- I-Strawberry - isihlahla esinamanzi esinokuphakama okungekho ngaphezu kwama-70 cm ekwindla simbozwe ngamajikijolo amnandi kakhulu ngephunga le-sitrobheli;
- I-dessert - amahlumela aqondile afinyelela ku-70 cm amade, anamaqabunga amancane, izithelo ezi-orange eziqhakazile ezinoshukela omningi zibonakala ngokumelene nazo;
- I-Marmalade - isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi afinyelela ku-1.5 m ukuphakama sikhula amajikijolo e-lilac-aphuzi anesisindo esingama-60 g.
I-Physalis iyahlobisa. Okungenakuphela nenhle xaxa, yize izithelo inedible. Imvamisa, amagatsha ambozwe kakhulu ngamalambu akhanyayo asevele asetshenziswa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti ukomiswa nokwenza izingoma zezimbali. Ngenkathi efudumele, ama thickets ahlobisa ingadi. I-Various Franche iyathandwa - isihlahlana esikhulu esinamagatsha aqhakaza afinyelela kuma-90 cm ukuphakama sinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama nezithelo ezibunjiwe ezibomvu.
Ukutshala kwe-Physalis
Imvamisa, ama-physalis atshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Unikeza ukuzilawula okuhle. Ukuzala kabusha kwenziwa ngendlela yisithombo kanye yisithombo. Masinyane emhlabathini, i-physalis ihlwanyelwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Ama Wells 1-1.5 cm ajulile alungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa ubusika ngo-Okthoba-Novemba.Imbewu zitshalwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini, kanti ingaphezulu ligxishwe nge-peat, umquba noma iqabunga le-humus ukuphakama okungama-2-3 cm. Amahlumela avela maphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Ngokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo ngo-Ephreli, imbewu okokuqala ifakwe kwisisombululo se-saline esibuthakathaka, bese kuba yi-potanganum permanganate. Ungabashiya ngendwangu emanzi kuze kube kuvela amahlumela. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izimbewu azisatshalaliswa zingene ekujuleni kuka-1.5 cm. Ngokuvela kwezithombo, ama-physalis anwetshwe ngaphandle, kancane kancane andisa ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ukuya ku-25 cm. Akubalulekile ukubhubhisa izithombo ezidwenguliwe. Zingadluliselwa kwenye indawo elula.
Ezindaweni eziphakathi neRussia noma ngaphezulu kwasenyakatho, kunconywa ukuthi kuqala ukhule izithombo. Kulokhu, ukuqhakaza kuzofika ngaphambili, futhi izithelo zizoba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kahle. Ukutshala kwenziwa kumakhasethi noma kubhodwe we-peat ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Kutholakala emgodini we-potassium permanganate isigamu sehora, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kumuntu ongu-1-1,5 cm. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwe ekushiseni okungu-+ 22 ... + 25 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamaviki awu-1-1.5. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhosela kuyasuswa. Umhlaba uvame ukumanzi kodwa ngokulinganisela. Ngomswakama ophezulu, umlenze omnyama ungakhula ngokushesha. Ukukhula ezimbizeni ezihlukile kugwema ukukhetha.
Izithombo ibekwe kahle ukukhanya futhi evikelwe indawo okusalungiswa. Ukubanakekela ngaphambi kokutshala kuyafana nokunakekela izithombo zikatamatisi. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zitshalwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Umsebenzi uhlelelwe ukuhlwa. Umhlaba kufanele uvundiswe kahle ngezinto eziphilayo. Ama-Physalis akhula kahle ngemuva kwamakhukhamba noma iklabishi, kepha ngemuva kwamatamatisi kanye nopelepisi, isakhiwo siyakhululwa iminyaka eminingana, ngoba amagciwane namagciwane azwela kuwo angahlala emhlabathini.
Ngaphezu kokusakazwa kwembewu, izindlela zezitshalo zingasetshenziswa:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, isihlahla sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi. Ungathola ukuhlukaniswa okugcwele noma kusuka ezingxenyeni zezimpande ngephuzu lokukhula.
- Izimbumbulu. NgoJulayi-Agasti, ukusikwa okunezinwele ezingama-2-3 kuyanqunywa. Zigxilwe ezimbizeni ezinenhlabathi evundile evundile. Lesi sigaxa sicwiliswa emhlabathini sibe yingxenye, bese simbozwa ngefilimu ngaphezulu. Amapheshana amasha afakazela ukubamba kwezimpawu, ngemuva kwalokho ifilimu isuswe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Ama-Physalis akhetha izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle noma umthunzi omncane onenxenye. Sikhula kahle kuphela ngokuvikelwa okuyiqiniso kokusalungiswa nomoya oshubisa umoya. Indawo kufanele ibe segqumeni ukuze amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angahlangani ne-rhizome, futhi lapho iqhwa liphela, amanzi asuka ngokushesha. Inhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane; emhlabathini we-acidic, isitshalo asikhuli. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlaba wemba futhi ingxenye eyanele yomlotha wezinkuni, humus, lime, nesihlabathi kwethulwa. Ukwenza izitshalo zibukeke zicocekile, ukutshala kwenziwa ngokumangalisa ngebanga elingamasentimitha angama-30-50. I-rhizome ingcwatshwa eshidini eliseduze. Ngemuva kokutshala, ezihlahleni ziniselwa kakhulu futhi mulch ebusweni kwenhlabathi nge peat.
Ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kwe-physalis akudingi mzamo omkhulu. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, iniselwa njalo lapho kungekho khona imvula. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa ukhula ngendlela yesikhathi, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezitshalo ezincane.
Umquba ufakwa kabili ngenyanga, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esibuthakathaka sokudonsa inkukhu noma i-mullein. Ngemuva kokondla, ukuchelela ngamanzi ajwayelekile kuyadingeka ukuze ukusha kungaveli.
Ama-Physalis awadingi ukunciphisa futhi asuse ama-stepons. Kumiswa amagatsha amaningi, izithelo eziningi zizovela.
Ukuvunwa njengoba kuvuthwa, kuthathwa amajikijolo nsuku zonke. Ezilimeni zemifino, zingawela emhlabathini, kanti ezitshalweni zamajikijolo, zivunwa ngqo kusuka kumagatsha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo ezingavuthiwe akuvunyelwe
Ekwindla, kususwa unyaka nonyaka okuvunwa ngawo kuphela. Ama-perennials okuhlobisa anqunywa emhlabathini futhi amboze i-rhizome ngesendlalelo samahlamvu awile namagatsha e-spruce. Entwasahlobo, amahlumela amasha azovela kusuka kumaphuzu wokukhula.
Ama-Physalis angaziqhayisa ngokugomela okuhle, kepha izifo ezinjenge-mosaics, i-phytosporosis kanye nomlenze omnyama kungonakalisa konke ukutshala, ngakho-ke kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile imikhuba yezolimo futhi uhlole amahlumela njalo. Kunengqondo ukwenza ukwelashwa ngesikhunta ("i-Bordeaux liquid") hhayi nje ekuthelelekeni, kodwa futhi njenge-prophylaxis. Izinambuzane zesitshalo zingamabhere nama-wireworms. I-Bait yenziwa kubo, ubuthi bubekwa ngaphandle, noma izitshalo zitshalwa ngendandatho ezivela kumabhodlela epulasitiki asikiwe.
Izici eziwusizo
Izithelo ze-Physalis ziyisitolo sangempela samavithamini namaminerali adingekayo umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aqukethe amaprotheni, i-fiber, ushukela, ama-organic acid. Amajikijolo adliwa amasha noma enziwe kuwo ujamu, ujamu, izithelo ezomisiwe.
Umkhiqizo une-choleretic, i-diuretic, antiseptic, he hentatic, analgesic, isenzo sokulwa nokuvuvukala. I-decoction ye-physalis ithathwa ngomlomo ukulwa nodayi, i-bronchitis, edema. Amajikijolo omisiwe asiza ekulweni namakhaza kanye ne-urolithiasis. I-oyili yamafutha omnqumo nezithelo ezomile ezichotshoziwe isetshenziswa ngaphandle ekuhlaselweni kwe-rheumatism.
Kanjalo, i-physalis ayinayo i-contraindication, kepha inani elincane lama-alkaloid liqukethe kumagobolondo amajikijolo. Uma zisetshenziswa ngokweqile, ziholela kubuthi.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Kuhlwanyelwa izihlahla eziqonde ngqo ngasesendleleni noma ekungeneni esakhiweni njengezindlela ezigqamile. Izimpethu eziguquguqukayo eziguquguqukayo zingaqondiswa ngocingo noma eceleni kwe-arch. Izibani ezikhanyayo nezingajwayelekile zigcina imibala yazo ecebile ngisho nasebusika, ngakho-ke i-physalis ivame ukutshala ukuhlobisa ingadi eneqhwa. Engadini ehlanganisiwe yezimbali, inkampani ingenza i-gypsophila yezitshalo, i-dieelle, i-lunaria, izitshalo ezingama-coniferous. Ama-Sprigs omisiwe kusuka ehlobo futhi kamuva asetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-bouquets kanye namalungiselelo wezimbali owomile.
