I-chokeberry, noma i-chokeberry chokeberry, kanye ngonyaka, ekwindla, iphenduka ubomvu, odonsela ukunaka kuwo njengesiko lokuhlobisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chokeberry inezindawo eziningi ezinhle - ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwegama lesitshalo kusuka kuzwakala lwesiGreek okufana "nezithelo ezimnyama eziphilile."
Umlando wokutshala izilimo
I-Aronia chokeberry, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-chokeberry noma, kubantu abavamile, i-chokeberry, empeleni ayinalutho oluhlobene nomlotha osezintabeni, lezi zihlobo ezihlukile zomndeni ofanayo. Ukubukeka ngokuphelele komzimba, ukwakheka kwezinto zamakhemikhali nezidingo zemvelo kuhlukanisa i-chokeberry kusuka kumlotha ovamile wezintaba. U-Aronia wayehlukaniswe ngohlobo oluhlukile esevele ngo-1935.
I-chokeberry chokeberry, ebizwa ngokuthi i-chokeberry, ayinakwenza lutho ngomlotha wasentabeni ngaphandle kwezithelo ezifanayo
Ngokomlando, i-chokeberry ikhule emifuleni nasemachibini asempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ezingama-20 ezingaba ngu-shrub. EYurophu, i-chokeberry yayenziwa isiko lokuhlobisa kuze kube ngekhulu le-19, futhi kwaba yi-I.V kuphela. UMichurin wakuphawula ukungabekezeleleki kwe-chokeberry. Wathuthukisa uchungechunge lwe-chokeberry - chokeberry of Michurin, olwalutholakala ngokuwela i-chokeberry kanye nomlotha wentaba uqobo.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzalela we-I.V. I-Michurin kanye nokungathobeki kwemvelo kwe-chokeberry uqobo, isiko lisabalale ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. I-Aronia ikhule ngempumelelo e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, emazweni aseBaltic naseBelarus. Engxenyeni yeRussia itholakala ezindaweni ezingahlalwa ngaphansi kanye namahlathi, ivame kakhulu esifundeni saseVolga, esifundeni esiphakathi neNyakatho yeCaucasus, itshalwa e-Urals naseSiberia. Itshalwa endaweni yezimboni e-Altai.
I-Aronia chokeberry assortment
I-Aronia chokeberry isithelo nesithelo se-berry esidumile emhlabeni wonke, yingakho inani lezinhlobonhlobo landa njalo. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezifuywayo, kunezinhlobo zokuzalela isiFinnish, isiPolish, isiDanishi nesiSweden.
Iparele elimnyama
Okunhlobonhlobo kunconyelwe ukulinyelwa kunoma yiziphi izindawo zezulu. Lesi isihlahla esikhulu, esibonakala ngokwakhiwa ngokudubula okunamandla nokuphakama okufika ku-3 m. Ububanzi bomqhele bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Amagxolo amahlumela amancane ane-hue encane ebomvu kancane, enyamalala ngonyaka wesibili, esikhundleni sombala omnyama onsundu. Izimbali ze-bisexual. Amajikijolo makhulu (isisindo esisodwa kuya ku-1,2 g), onsomi-onsundu, embozwe ngumbala onsundu. Izithelo zinambitha usawoti omuncu, omile kancane.
Izithelo chokeberry chokeberry izinhlobonhlobo Iparele omuncu omuncu, kancane kancane ukunambitheka
I-Viking
Izinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwesiFinnish. Ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga ayo afana ne-cherry. Ekwindla, baba ophuzi-burgundy. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izimbali ezingamashumi amabili amhlophe qwa ukuqhuma ngoMeyi. Izithelo zombala we-anthracite, nxazonke eziyindilinga, okungaba ngaphezu kwe-1 cm, ukuvuthwa kwezinhlungu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekwindla. I-Aronia Viking iyinhlobonhlobo yokuhlobisa engasebenza njengengxenye yokwakhiwa komhlaba.
Izinhlobo ze-Viking zihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga anjenge-cherry.
Nero
Izinhlobo eziningi ezikhethiwe zaseJalimane. I-Aronia Nero icompact, enobukhulu be-shrub ifinyelela kumamitha ama-2, kepha ihluka ngamanani wokukhula okusheshayo - ukukhula kwaminyaka yonke kungamamitha ayi-0,3-0,5. Ukuqina kunamandla. Ama-inflorescence ayizimbali ezimhlophe qhwa ezinama-stamens abomvu. Amaqabunga acwebezela ekwindla. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-1-1.2 g, ziqoqwe kukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamabhulashi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukunambitha okumnandi, okunoshukela. Ukuvuthwa okuningi kwenzeka ngo-Agasti - Septhemba. Izinhlobonhlobo zingenye yokulwa neqhwa kakhulu.
I-Aronia Nero ingenye yezinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa kakhulu
Amehlo amnyama
I-Chokeberry Aronia iyinhlobonhlobo ekhipha izimbali, ibuye ikwazi ukumelana nokuqina futhi iqhwa, futhi iyaphawuleka ngokumelana kwayo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo. Izithelo ziyindilinga, zifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1 cm, zivuthwe ekwindla zakuqala, i-tart okungenani yazo zonke izinhlobo zama-chokeberries. Ukuloba kufakwa kumfuyi wezilwane uT.K. Poplavskaya.
Ehlukahlukene uChernookaya kusolwa ukuthi wazala uT.K. Poplavskaya
IHugin
Izinhlobo eziningi zokukhetha isiSwidi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kukhuphukela kumamitha ayi-2. Amaqabunga lapho kuphela isizini kusuka eluhlaza okotshani aphenduka obomvu okhanyayo. Amajikijolo makhulu, acwebezelayo, anesikhumba esimnyama esicebile. Kunconywa ukuba usondele ekutheneni izihlahla ngokucophelela ukuze ungalahlekelwa ukuhlobisa.
I-Hugin - ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kwesiSweden
U-Aron
Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhethiwe zaseDenmark. Ububanzi bezithelo bufika ku-1 cm, ukuvuthwa kwenqwaba kubonwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ama-inflorescence ayizinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezimhlophe ezinama-stamens abomvu.
U-Aron - inhlobonhlobo yezinyosi ezifuywe eDenmark
UNadzeya noVenis
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela kweBelarusian zifakiwe kwiRegional State yeBelarus ngo-2008. Amabhasi angamanani aphakathi nendawo, ayaqhakaza, awadingi izinhlobo zokwenza impova. Ukungena kwi-fruiting kuqoshwe kusuka eminyakeni eyi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Isisindo se-berry esisodwa sisilinganiso se-1,3 g. Izithelo zi-oval kancane, ziqoqwe ngezingcezu eziyi-18. Izinhlobonhlobo zeVenis neNejey zilwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
IVenis Aronia ayidingi izinhlobo zokuhlobisa impova
Ukufakelwa
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo asibeki izidingo ezimeni yenhlabathi; sisinda kahle futhi sithela izithelo cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Okuhlukile ngaphandle kwenhlabathi kasawoti. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali okukhazimula kakhulu nokuchichima kakhulu kuyabonakala emhlabathini oswakeme okhanyayo ophendukayo ongathathi hlangothi. Uhlelo lwezimpande ze-chokeberry emnyama ikakhulukazi alutholakali ngokujulile kune-0.6 m, ngakho-ke amanzi aphansi komhlaba awanawo umthelela kusiko.
I-Aronia ayinciphisi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi
I-chokeberry etshalwe njengethipeworm (isitshalo esihlukile) kufanele itshalwe kucatshangelwa ukukhula kwayo - 3 m ukusuka emasimini nezihlahla ezinesihlahla. Lapho wenza uthango, izithombo zitshalwa njalo ngo-0.5 m.
Njenganoma yisiphi isithelo nezithelo ze-berry, i-chokeberry emnyama inezinsuku ezimbili zokutshala ezinkulu: intwasahlobo (kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina zika-Ephreli) kanye nekwindla (kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba).
- Ukufakelwa entwasahlobo. Ingxube yenhlabathi, amabhakede e-humus, u-0.3 kg womlotha no-0.15 kg we-superphosphate abekwe emgodini olungiselelwe olinganiselwa ku-0.5 x 0.5 m ku-1/3 ukujula. Ngemuva kwalokho i-substrate evundile yengezwa engxenyeni yokujula futhi amalitha ayi-10 amanzi athululelwa. Isithombo yisisekelo, uhlelo lwempande lusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phansi. Ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa emuva kwesihlalo, kubalulekile ukubheka njalo ukuthi intamo yezimpande yesihlahla ayingcwatshwanga kakhulu emhlabathini (inani eliphakeme elivumelekile lingu-2 cm). I-10 l lamanzi lithululelwa esikhungweni esihlanganisiwe esiseduze-umgqomo futhi i-5-10 cm yezinto zokulinganisa ziyathululelwa. Emgodini ngaphambi kokutshala, ungafaka isikhonkwane ukubopha isihlahla esincanyana. Kunconywa ukufinyeza amahlumela ngo-1/3, kusale ama-4-5 efihlekile ngakunye.
- Ukutshala i-Autumn akuhlukile kakhulu entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi bayasithanda, ngoba lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa amandla okusinda, hhayi ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwamaqabunga, okuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo ngesizini ezayo.
Funda kabanzi ngokutshala ku-athikili yethu: Sitshala ngokufanele chokeberry chokeberry.
Ukuzala
I-shrub isabalalisa njengezingxenye ezikhiqizayo zesitshalo: inzalo yezimpande, ukusika okuluhlaza nokuxineneyo, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla, ukuxhunyelelwa - futhi okusobala, okusho ukuthi imbewu. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yembewu nokusakazwa ngokusebenzisa izihlahla zokusika.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Imbewu yeChokeberry ikhishwa ezithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuzigaya ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo. Ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa emanzini ukuze kususwe uginindela osele.
Imbewu yokutshala ikhishwa ezithelo ze-chokeberry
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukwenza ukulungiselela kokuhlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu - ukuhlelwa kabusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ehlanziwe ibekwe esitsheni esinesihlabathi somfula esibaliwe (isilinganiso esingu-1: 3), ngemuva kwalokho ifakwa ebhokisini lemifino esiqandisini. Isihlabathi lapho imbewu igcinwa khona kufanele igcinwe inamanzi njalo. Ubulukhuni bendlela bulele eqinisweni lokuthi imbewu inganamathela kusenesikhathi, khona-ke izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kwabo kufanele kwehliswe ku-0 ºC.
Inqubo yokufika ngokulandelayo:
- Imbewu itshalwa ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngemikhondo ene-cm engu-6-8 cm, emva kwalokho iboshwe futhi imbozwe nganoma iyiphi impahla ye-mulching.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso ezitshalweni, anciphile, ashiye 3 cm phakathi kwezithombo.
- Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ayi-4-5 kwisithombo, izinhlanyelo zihlukaniswe ukuze okungenani u-6 cm uhlale phakathi kwezithombo.
- Entwasahlobo elandelayo, ukuthambisa kokugcina kwenziwa, lapho ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane kufanele libe ngu-10 cm.
- Ekupheleni konyaka wesibili, izitshalo sezikulungele ukufakelwa endaweni engapheli.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, umbhede onezithombo ukhululwe njalo, uniselwa, bese ukhula luyasuswa, okuyilabo abancintisana kakhulu nokutshala abasha emzabalazweni wezakhamzimba. Kanye (entwasahlobo) izinto zokutshala zesikhathi esizayo zivundiswa ngokuthulula.
Ukuzalanisa okuzala
Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo ngendlela edala ukwenziwa (izingxenye zamahlumela, inzalo yezimpande, amadevu, ukwahlukanisa isihlahla) kungenye yezihluthulelo zokuphumelela. Ekukhiqizweni kabusha, ezikhathini eziningi, zonke izimpawu zesitshalo sikamama ziyagcinwa, kuyilapho imbewu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka ngokusika kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili, kuya ngohlobo lwezinqumo ezivunwayo.
Ithebula: Izidingo zokutshala i-chokeberry chokeberry
| Izinhlobo ezisikiwe | Ama-cuttings aluhlaza | |
| Izidingo zokusika | Izilimo ezisikwe ku-15-20 cm ubude (ama-5-6 efihlekile), ezisikwe engxenyeni ephakathi yamahlumela avuthwe kahle amagatsha amabili noma amane ubudala. Ingxenye engenhla ilukhuni ezinso, umugqa oqondile ophansi ungaphansi kwiso uqobo. | Ama-cuttings angama-10-15 cm ubude kusukela ezingxenyeni ze-apical of amahlumela. Amaqabunga aphansi asuswa ngokuphelele, amaqabunga aphezulu angama-2-3 ancishiswa okwesithathu. Engxenyeni engezansi yokusikeka, ukusikeka okuningana kwenziwa kwi-bark, ngaphezulu okungenhla - (ngaphansi kwesinso). |
| Imibandela yokuthenga | Isigamu sesibili sikaSepthemba | NgoJuni |
| Izidingo zesigatshana | Ungqimba lomfula wamanzi omanzi ohlanjiwe u-10-15 cm, oyisisekelo senhlabathi engahlanzekile ehlanzekile | Hlanganisa umhlaba wensimu nomquba nomlotha wezinkuni |
| Izidingo zemvelo | Ukushisa kwe-Optimum 20 ° C, umswakama oqhubekayo | |
| Inqubo yokutshala nokubamba izimpande | Ukufakwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa okubandayo. I-angle yokubamba indawo engaphezulu yomhlabathi ingu-45º. Ibanga phakathi kokusikwa liba ngu-10-12 cm okungenani. | Ukufakwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa okubandayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukusika kwamahora angu-8 kwehliselwa kwizikhuthazo zokwenziwa kwezimpande (isibonelo, iKornevin). I-angle yokubamba indawo engaphezulu yomhlabathi ingu-45º. Ibanga phakathi kokusika li-4 cm okungenani. |
| Nakekela ukusikwa | Umswakama ojwayelekile womhlabathi, ukhulisa inhlabathi, ukhula ngokuphelele kokhula, ukuvuthwa kwezithombo njengoba kunesidingo | |
| Ukufakelwa | Ukutshala okusikiwe emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngezinsuku eziyishumi, ezindaweni ezingapheli ekwindla konyaka wesibili. | |
Izimpande inzalo
I-Aronia chokeberry - isiko elisebenza ngenkuthalo inzalo yezimpande ezingasetshenziswa ukusabalalisa isitshalo.
Ihlumela lokumpande lihlukaniswa ngefosholo ebukhali esitshalweni somama kanye nohlelo lwezimpande. Amahlumela asikwa ukuze abe nama-2-4 efihlekile.
Ukunakekela izinto zokutshala okunje akufani nhlobo nokunakekela ezinye izithombo: ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulule umhlabathi, ugcine ukuhlanzeka emgqeni wesiqu sokwethena futhi uthambisa njalo.
Ukubekwa
Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, kuyilapho inhlabathi engaphansi kwesitshalo yambiwa yafika ekujuleni okungaba ngu-15-20 cm. Ukuze zikhiqizwe kabusha, kukhethwe amahlumela aqinile anempilo konyaka odlule, agobeke phansi emhlabathini futhi aqiniswe ngezinwele. Cindezela phezulu kwelesi. Ukunakekela ukwabiwa kwesikhathi esizayo kuyafana nesitshalo esidala: Ukhula kusuka kukhula, ukuthambisa ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukuthola izingqimba, amahlumela agobeke emhlabathini futhi aqiniswe ngama-stud
Lapho amahlumela amasha efika ku-12 cm, kufanele afafazwe nge-humus. Inqubo iphindwa kaninginingi njengoba ikhula. Hlukanisa futhi udlulise isitshalo esisizayo sinconywa entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush
I-Aronia chokeberry ibonakala ngohlelo lwezimpande olungeqile, okugxilisa izimpande kakhulu lubonwa ekujuleni okungaba ngu-0,6 m kwindilinga eseduze. Ngo-Ephreli, lesi sitshalo semba futhi sahlukaniswa ukuze isitshalo ngasinye esisha sinezimpande ezintsha kanye namahlumela amasha. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunconyelwa ukususa amahlumela ahlobene nobudala, futhi izindawo zokusikwa kwezimpande neziqu kufanele ziphathwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe.
Ukufakwa emgodini kwenziwa emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambi, lapho kubekwa khona ingxube ye-humus ne-superphosphate. Isimo ngasinye esinsundu se-chokeberry akufanele sisondele kune-2 m kwesinye. Ngokuvamile, izinqubo zokutshala nokunakekela izabelo azifani nezindlela zokunakekela izithombo.
Ukugoma
I-chokeberry igonywe entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap. Njengesitoko, kusetshenziswa izithombo ezincane zomlotha wezintaba. I-cleavage yenziwa ku-scion endaweni yokusikwa ngommese obukhali. Umcibisholo wangasese usikwa njenge-wedge, futhi ngemuva kwalokho izindawo zokusikeka zihlanganiswe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zigoqwe ngokuqinile ngezinto ezenziwe ngendwangu.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukusonga i-splice ngentambo yepulasitiki ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, ifilimu iyasuswa.
Ividiyo: Ukugoma i-Aronia chokeberry
Ukunakekelwa
Ukuba yisilimo sezithelo, i-chokeberry ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile: ukugqoka okuphezulu okufika ngesikhathi ukuze kuvuselele isivuno, izihlahla ezinekhono ukuvikela ukuqina okungalawulwa komqhele, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Isicelo somanyolo
Isiqinisekiso sesivuno esiningi ukugqoka kwaphezulu okuphezulu. I-chokeberry ekhula enhlabathini evundile icishe ingawadingi umanyolo, kwanele ukwengeza ama-50 g we-ammonium nitrate entwasahlobo bese ugcwalisa umbuthano osondelene nesendlalelo somanyolo wezinto eziphilayo njengezinto zokuxubha zomanyolo (umquba, umquba noma i-humus).
I-Ammonium nitrate isetshenziswa entwasahlobo njengomanyolo we-chokeberry.
Izitshalo emhlabathini ompofu zidinga ukwenziwa umanyolo ngemuva kokuphiswa kwentwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye se-aronia kufaka isandla:
- Ibhakede lodaka lwam mullein ngokwesilinganiso 1: 5.
- Ibhakede lamaphonsa ezinyoni ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10.
Esikhathini sekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa, lesi sitshalo sihlanganiswa ngomxube we-0,5 l we-ash ash lokhuni kanye ne-100 g ye-superphosphate.
Izihlahla
I-Aronia chokeberry ithambekele ekuqiniseni umqhele, ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wayo uncipha ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kokunquma, iyelula futhi ikhule ngobubanzi, yakha izithelo kuphela kumahlumela aphelele, athola okungenani ithonsi lokukhanya. Izihlahla cishe zonke izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezimbili ezinkulu: entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Isikimu sokunquma seChoke
Entwasahlobo, izithombo ezincane ze-chokeberry zidayidwa endaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha ayi-0. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela amaningi aqine kakhulu akhethwa amahlumela avele, adonswe ukuphakama okufanayo, bese okusele kususwe. Inqubo iphindwa minyaka yonke kuze kube isibalo samagatsha sifinyelela kweshumi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuhlanganiswa ngokweqile komqhele, ama-trimmings acinene ahlala enziwa, azanywa ukuhlanganiswa nalawo ahlanzekile: konke kunesifo, konke kubuthaka noma ukomisa ngaphandle, amahlumela enani eliphansi lapho izithelo zingaboshelwe khona, kanye nalezo ezikhula ngaphakathi komqhele, zisuswe.
Chokeberry choke kufanele ilungiswe minyaka yonke
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwenziwa izithelo ku-chokeberry kwenzeka kuphela kumagatsha angaphansi kweminyaka engu-8.Amagatsha afinyelela kulonyaka kufanele asuswe esihlahleni, asike eduze kwesisekelo ngangokunokwenzeka, esikhundleni segatsha elinjalo kufanelekile ukushiya amahlumela ambalwa avela ekujuleni kwezimpande. Njalo ngonyaka kuyanconywa ukufeza izikhala ezi-2-3 ezifanayo, ukuvuselela isihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhasi aneminyaka yobudala angafakwa ekuthengeni okudala ukuguga. Isihlahla sonke sigawulwa kusisekelo samagatsha, okungukuthi, "otshalwe esiqwini." Intwasahlobo elandelayo, kusuka ekuhlumeni okuvelayo, ukubumba kuqala, njengesihlwanyelo esisha.
Ukuthenwa okwengeziwe kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ngesikhathi sawo, wonke amagatsha aphukile, aqhekekile noma athelelekile ayasuswa. Izingxenye zamagatsha amakhulu zinconyelwa ukuba ziphathwe ngezinhlobo zasengadini noma namalahle oluyimpuphu ukuvikela ukutheleleka ekungeneni kwezitho zesitshalo.
Ukwakheka kwe-choke emgqonyeni owodwa
I-Aronia chokeberry - isitshalo ekuqaleni esasinokubonakala kwesihlahla, sakha amahlumela ezimpandeni. Ukunikeza i-chokeberry ukubukeka kwesihlahla esincane, wonke amahlumela wehlumela lezimpande, ngaphandle kwalawo anamandla, ayasuswa. Njalo ngonyaka, ama-buds ambalwa apical asala ngaphezulu kwalo mholi. Ngemuva kokuba isiqu sifinyelela ukuphakama okudingayo, iphuzu lokukhula esiqongweni sehlumela liyasuswa, elikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwe-lateral branching. Esikhathini esizayo, sebenza ekwakhiweni komqhele.
Ukwenziwa kwesiqu ngabachwepheshe abaningi akunconywa, yize isiko libekezelela ukusika kokubumba: umcimbi onjalo ngokuyisisekelo uphikisana nohlobo lwe-chokeberry uqobo.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
I-Chokeberry ithathwa njengemelana kakhulu nokukoloni kwezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe akunakutholakala kunoma yisiphi isifo. Kodwa-ke, izimo zezulu, ukusondela kwezitshalo ezinegciwane kanye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo obungafundile kungaholela ekunciphiseni okujwayelekile kwesitshalo, okuzothinta ukungagcineki kwako.
Njenge-prophylaxis, izihlahla ziphathwa nge-1% Bordeaux ketshezi ngaphambi kokuvuvukala, ekwindla, ukwelashwa okuphindaphindwayo ngokulungiswa okufanayo noma isixazululo se-7% se-urea semukelekile.
Njengokuvimbela entwasahlobo nasekwindla, i-chokeberry iphathwa nge-Bordeaux ewuketshezi
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwindla kunconywa ukuthi usike ngokucophelela futhi ushise ngokushesha amahlumela abonakele futhi anesifo, ususe ama-lichens nanoma yikuphi ukukhula kusuka ku-bark, susa udoti weqabunga kanye ne-scavenger emjikelezweni we-trunk, bambe inhlabathi embuthanweni wesiqu. Ukhula nokucekelwa phansi kokhula, ukuhlaziywa kwezokwakha nobunye ubumdaka kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo zezitshalo engadini.
Izinambuzane zeChoke
Izitshalo eziningi zezithelo nezihlahla ezingadini zivulelwa izinambuzane eziyingozi ku-chokeberry, futhi lokhu kukhulisa kakhulu ubungozi. Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingama-20 zezinambuzane nemikhaza ezingakhula kwi-aronia.
Ithebula: Izinambuzane kanye Nezinambuzane zokulawula
| Inambuzane | Incazelo | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
| Hawthorn | Ubhabhathane wosuku olukhanyayo olunamaphiko afinyelela ku-7 cm. Amacimbi alesi sinambuzane adla emaqabunga ezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana, ukusebenza kwawo kwenzeka entwasahlobo, ngokuvuvukala kwesiqu. Amakhethini ama-hawthorns awadla, ngemuva kokusakazeka emaqabunga amancanyana, ama-flower buds nawo ayahlupheka. Maphakathi nehlobo, amaqanda abekwa (ukubeka omunye uvemvane ngesizini kungamaqanda angama-500) - ukubeka ngokuvamile kutholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga. Ukusakazwa kokhula okuqhakaza engadini kufaka isandla ekwandeni kwesibalo sama-hawthorn. | Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconyelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sifafazwe ngama-insecticides ngaphambi kokuqhakaza (isibonelo, iZolon, Neksion), neNitrafen kufanele siphathwe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga. |
| Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-weevil | Amabhungane adla amaqabunga e-chokeberry. | Njengezindlela zokuvimbela, kunikezwa ukwelashwa kwesitshalo ngeKarbofos noma iChlorophos. |
| Cherry slimy sawfly | Izibungu zesinambuzane, ezihlaselayo ekuqaleni kuma-cherries, zilimaza kakhulu. Kakhulu udla amaqabunga, kusale kuphela imithambo emikhulu. Amahlamvu alimile ayaconsa, yomile bese iwela phansi. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi livame ukwenzeka ngomhlaka 20 kuJulayi, lapho isibungu sezibungu (izibungu zesikhonkwane ebusika zidla ngamaqabunga amaqabunga, sidonsa ngoMeyi futhi sizalela amaqanda ngoJuni). Imbabazane endala endala izalela amaqanda angaba ngu-75 ngesizini. | Uma kutholakala ukuthi kunegciwane, kunconywa ukufafaza izihlahla ngesisombululo esingu-0,2% seChlorofos noma iKarbofos, ngokunisela ngempumelelo nesixazululo esingu-0.7% somlotha we-soda. Ukuphathwa kabusha kunconywa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. |
| URowan Moth | Inkathazo ebeka izizukulwane ezimbili. Amacembe okuqala, athulula i-cobweb emncanyana, aqine izimbali eziningana ezivela kuma-inflorescence, abondla ngawo ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi (amabhlumela aqine ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Ukulinyazwa kwalezi zibungu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, cishe ngasikhathi esifanayo nokuvela kwabadala, kubeka amaqanda ezitsheni ezinempilo (iqanda eli-1 elivela ku-1 uvemvane). Ukuphela kukaJulayi - ukuqala kuka-Agasti kuyinkathi yokuvela kwezimbungulu ezi-oda lesibili ezidla izithelo ezinamafutha. | NgoMeyi, ukwelashwa nge-0,2% Chlorophos noma Karbofos kuqeda ama-95% ezinambuzane. |
| Green apid aphid | Izinambuzane ezincane ezincelayo, kuze kufike usayizi omkhulu ka-2,5 mm. Lesi sinambuzane sidla ubisi lwamaqabunga amancane, yingakho asheshe ukuphuma. Izithombo ezisencane zithinteka kakhulu yimikhakha ye-aphid. | Esikhathini esisuka ekuqhakameni kuqhamuke kwezimbali, izitshalo ziphathwa ngeKarbofos noma iNitrafen. |
| Umlotha wasentabeni nenundu le-apula | Ama-Butterflies adla izithelo zesihlahla, ezigcina zingabonakali, ezinciphisa kakhulu umkhiqizo. | Njenge-prophylaxis, kunconyelwa ukususa imfucuza yamaqabunga, bambe umbuthano wesiqu, futhi kususwe ama-lichen kanye nama-mosses kweziqu. Ukwelashwa ngezinselo zezinambuzane (isb. Nitrafen) kusebenza kuphela kwizimbungulu ezincane. |
| Ama-apula abomvu nezinsundu zezithelo onsundu | Izinambuzane ezincane ezidla ngentshiseko ngesikhathi sokudumba kwezinso nokubukeka kwamaqabunga amancane. Ngenkathi yokuncibilikiswa, ama-pelts ayawa, okunikeza amagatsha e-chokeberry ithinti lesiliva. | Ukonakalisa imikhaza, kuyadingeka ukuguqula izidakamizwa njalo, ngoba izinambuzane zakha ukungavikeleki kwento eyodwa. Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukususa amaqabunga awileyo bese ugaya umhlabathi njalo embuthanweni wesihlahla. |
| Izithelo zeSapwood | IBark beetle ibanga elingange-4 mm ubude, indiza yayo iqala ngoJuni. Ihlala izibungu bese idla izindinyana eziqonde ngqo phakathi kwamagxolo nesikhuni. Isibonakaliso esicacile sokuxazululwa kwezindlu yizimbobo ezivele ku-iziqu namagatsha amakhulu, axoshwe nge-drillmeal. | Njenge-prophylaxis, kunconywa ukusika amagatsha okomisa nokususa izitshalo ezifile, ukubaphatha ngendlela efanelekile kwezinye izinambuzane ezenza buthaka isitshalo (sapwoods poptif izitshalo ezonakele kuphela, lapho ukungena kwe-sap kungonakalisiwe khona). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitha zamabhungane zingama-Woodpeckers, ama-tiles, ama-nuthatch, nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane (ezivela kubagibeli besigcawu). |
Igalari yezithombe: izinambuzane ze-chokeberry
- UBhungane nomhlanga we-hawthorn badla izinso
- I-apple apid eluhlaza ikakhulu isongela izithombo ezincane
- Ukusuka entabeni ye-ash ash isiza ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ngezidakamizwa
- I-Apple Mining Moth idla i-Chokeberry
- Izithelo ze-sapwood zanda kuphela izitshalo ezilimele
- I-Weevil bhungane lidla amaqabunga
- I-Cherry slimy sawfly iyahlakulela ku-cherry
- Isikaki sezithelo eBrown sithuthukisa ukukhula kwezidakamizwa
- Kuthinteka kuphela amacimbi e-mothan moth
Izifo ze-Choke
Ukutheleleka kwesitshalo okunoma yiliphi igciwane kanye nokwanda kwezinambuzane kuyaxhunyaniswa. Isinambuzane esingajwayelekile uyakwazi ukuhlala kumcabango ongahluziwe, onempilo ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezifo zivame ukutholakala ku-chokeberry aronia:
- Ukubola okuphathelene nolwandle kuwuphawu oluhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe oju. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezithinteke kakhulu kufanele zisuswe futhi zishiswe nempande, ziphatha inhlabathi ngama-fungicides. Icubungula kuphela amahlahla athelelekile yi-1% Bordeaux ewuketshezi kanye nanoma yikuphi ukhunta.
- I-Moniliosis - izithelo ezithintwa yizithelo ziyabola, bese zilambisa bese zihlala emagatsheni. Noma yiziphi izithelo ezinezimpawu zesifo kumele zichithwe. Kunconywa ukwelapha izihlahla ezinegciwane ngezixazululo ze-Bordeaux fluid noma i-sulfate yethusi.
- ISeporia - amaqabunga agulayo ambozwe ngoJulayi ngamabala ansundu akhanyayo anomngcele omnyama, ingxenye yawo yangaphakathi "ewela ngaphandle" isikhathi, yakha izimbobo. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, amaqabunga awileyo asuswa embuthanweni wesiqu bese eshiswa. Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo kanye nezihlahla ze-chokeberry uqobo ziphathwa nge-Bordeaux fluid.
- Ukubona amabala ansundu - lesi sifo siziveza ngesimo samabala amancane ansundu emaqabungeni, akha inhlanganisela emhlophe eceleni kwangaphansi. Amahlamvu alimala kakhulu ayoma bese awa. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo, kunconywa ukwelapha izihlahla nge-1% ye-Bordeaux ewuketshezi, ubhubhise imfucuza yamaqabunga.
- I-Bacterial necrosis (umdlavuza we-cortical) - I-Aronia ithintwa yi-necrosis kaningi kakhulu kunezithelo zamatshe. Izibonakalisa ngesimo sezingxenye zokukhala nokuwa amagxolo, okuthe ngasikhathi sinye nephunga elingathandeki. Zonke izindawo ezithintekile kumele zihlanzwe 8-10 cm ngaphansi kwezicubu ezonakele, ezibulala magciwane, ziphathwe ne-var var yengadi. Izihlahla ezithinteka kakhulu ziyasikwa futhi zichithwe.
- Ukugqwala yisifo sokukhunta, okuyindawo ephuzi, emuva kwayo (uhlangothi olungaphansi lweqabunga) kutholakala izinqe. Amagatsha athintekile abhujiswa, njengelitha lamahlamvu ekugcineni kwenkathi yokukhula, izihlahla ze-chokeberry ziphathwa nge-1% Bordeaux fluid.
- I-Powdery mildew yisifo se-fungal esithinta amahlumela amancane namaqabunga. Ungumbala omhlophe, omnyama ekwindla. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha emasimini agqamile; umswakama, isimo sezulu esifudumele sinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni. Ukwelashwa, ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-colloidal sulfure kuyenziwa.
- Ikamu liyikhowa elinombala omncane, onesikhumba, onsomi onsundu, okuvame kakhulu ukuba uphawu lokubola kwezimpande. Uma kutholakala izidumbu zesikhunta, izihlahla ziphathwa kabili phakathi nenkathi ngezixazululo ze-Bordeaux fluid noma i-zethusi sulfate.
Igalari yezithombe: Izifo ze-Aronia
- Amagatsha athintekile nokugqwala ayabhujiswa
- I-Powdery mildew iyingozi kumahlumela amancane
- Zonke izithelo ezinezimpawu ze-moniliosis ziyabhujiswa
- Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zamabala ansundu amabala yizindawo ezincane.
- Inhlanganisela yamakhowe kweziqu, iyisibonakaliso sokubola kwezimpande
- Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo seSeporia yizindawo eziluhlaza ezinsundu ezinomngcele omnyama.
- I-bacterium necrosis ivela njengokukhala nokuwa amagxolo
Izici zokutshala ezifundeni
Ukuqapheleka kwe-chokeberry etshalwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu kukhombisa ukuthi kukhiqiza kakhulu ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo elandelayo:
- enyakatho - eLeningrad, Novgorod, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, esifundeni saseKemerovo, eGorno-Altaysk;
- eningizimu, ibanga lilinganiselwe kuKursk, Voronezh, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg.
Isifunda saseMoscow
Inqubo yokukhula kwe-aronia ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwehluka kancane kukhula esifundeni Esiphakathi. Le ndawo itholakala ezimweni zezulu, lapho i-chokeberry ikhombisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu esifundeni sincane kakhulu kunesaseSiberia. Ubusika obungenamaqhwa kuphela obungaba yingozi, ngoba izimpande ze-chokeberry ziqala ukuqandeka ekushiseni kuka--11 ° C. Phakathi kwabalimi abaseduze kweMoscow, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu: i-Chernookaya, Nero, Dubrovice, iViking.
ISiberia, i-Urals neYakutia
Ukwethulwa kwesiko lezihlahlana esifundeni ekuqaleni kwaqhutshwa yi-M.A.
I-Aronia chokeberry ingamelana namaconsi okushisa angama-30-30 ° C, okuyivumela ukuba ikhule ezimweni ezinzima zaseSiberia. Ukuze uvimbele ukuqandelwa kwamahlumela ngenhla kwesembozo seqhwa, kunconywa ukuwagoba phansi ngaphambi kobusika (okwenziwe ezifundeni zasePetrozavodsk, Vologda, Perm, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Omsk neBarnaul). Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphe ngokucophelela ukwethulwa kukamanyolo we-nitrogen, okungeke kuvume ukuthi izihlahla zilungiselele ubusika ngesikhathi, futhi, ngokufanele, kuzoholela ekuqandeni noma ekufeni kwesitshalo. Imvamisa, i-chokeberry kule ndawo ithinteka lapho ibonwa amabala ansundu. Ukuvuthwa okukhulu kwezithelo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
I-Aronia chokeberry ikhula ngokukhululekile e-Altai naseSiberia
I-Ukraine neBelarus
E-Ukraine, i-chokeberry emnyama itshalwa eDonetsk, South-West nakwezinye izindawo. Isiko eliphumelelayo likhula eKazakhstan futhi cishe kulo lonke elaseBelarus. I-Aronia, ekhulele e-Ukraine, imvamisa itholakala nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingasebenzi kwezinye izifunda - ibhungane okusajingijolo, isinambuzane esikalini noMay bhungane. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngoSepthemba, ukuvuna kungabambezeleka kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. E-Ukraine, abanye ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa i-chokeberry ezindaweni ezigcotshwa izingadi.
EBelarus, indawo ephelele yezindawo ezakhiwa ama-aronia ingaphezu kwamahektha angama-400. Izinhlobo zasendaweni zeVenis neNadzey zithathwa njengezabalaza kakhulu. Ukuvuthwa kuqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti.
Ukubuyekezwa
Noma kunjalo, ibekezelela umthunzi ngakumbi kunencazelo. IPenumbra akuyona inkinga kuye. Ake sithi, uma kukhona ilanga ngemuva kwesidlo sakusihlwa, khona-ke isivuno sizodingeka. Ngokwesilimo, ngokunokwenzeka, ukungabikho komswakama oqhubekayo kubalulekile. Okudingayo akukhona nje ukunisela, kodwa umswakama oqhubekayo, ngisho nesitshalo esidala. Ipulazi lihlala endaweni ephansi kakhulu yesiza, emthunzini olinganiselwe. Ukuvuna kuhlala kunjalo. Kungcono ukungayitshali eduzane nensimu ngoba ihlasela. Unamandla futhi uyachichima kumdlalo.
Umlondolozi//www.botanichka.ru/blog/2017/01/09/aroniya-chernoplodnaya-sovsem-ne-ryabina/
Futhi i-chokeberry emnyama imane ingisindise komakhelwane, ukuphela kwento okufanele ngiyilinde lapho amahlamvu aqhakaza okungenani okuncane entwasahlobo ... Futhi yilokho. Udonga. Cishe amamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama.
URoberta//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/14964/page-2
Ezweni lethu, i-chokeberry (izinhlobonhlobo ezingaziwa) ukhule ngohlobo lwezihlahla ezimfushane, esiqwini, kodwa ngaphandle kokugoma. Kwavela ngengozi: lapho betshala ama-Delenok (ayephakeme kakhulu), balungisa iziqongo, iziqu ziyeka ukukhula zaya phezulu, zaqina, kuphela amagatsha aseceleni akhiwa. Ikhula njengesambulela. Umakhelwane wami kwa-dacha ukhula ngohlobo lwesiqu; watshala igatsha le-chokeberry elingamamitha athengwa ku-bazaar kudala. Lokhu akuyona ukugoma. Ikhula emthunzini ocishe uphelele, futhi ngasizathu simbe ayinikezeli ukukhula kwezimpande. Ukuphakama cishe ngo-2,5 ... ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu. Anomaly. Kepha, njengoba kuphawuliwe, isivuno sincane, futhi ukunambitheka kune-acidic ukwedlula indlela yehlobo.
T-150//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-11527.html
Ekuqaleni, ayikwazanga ukukhulisa i-chokeberry, iqhume futhi kube yiyo. Ngabe sengiyitshala phakathi kwezihlahla, kepha ukuze abe nokukhanya kwelanga okwanele, futhi into yahamba, yaqala ukukhula, izilimo zijabule minyaka yonke, manje ukukhathazeka okukodwa yilokho okumelwe kwenziwe ngamajikijolo. / ... /. Awukwazi ukudla okuningi ngesimo esisha, enye i-berry nokuyikho konke. Ngingathanda nokuzama i-jam ephekiwe kusuka ku-chokeberry, ngenkathi kungenasipiliyoni. Kulinywe, i-chokeberry ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ngikwenze ngesimo sesihlahla, kulula ukuqoqa amajikijolo.
Anna Zakharchuk//xn--80avnr.xe % 80% D0% B0% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BD% D0% B8% D1% 8F /% D0% A7% D0% B5% D1% 80% D0% BD% D0% BE% D0% BF% D0% BB% D0% BE% D0% B4% D0% BD% D0% B0% D1% 8F_% D1% 80% D1% 8F% D0% B1% D0% B8% CC% 81% D0% BD% D0% B0
Ukuhlobisa okungafani nalutho kanye nokuzithoba ezimeni ezikhulayo kuhlukanisa i-chokeberry njengesitshalo esihle sokwakha izichasiso zonyaka zamaqembu esihlahla somhluzi engadini, kanye nokusetjenziswa emithanjeni. I-Aronia nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka iyoba umhlobiso wensimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo siyojabulisa abanikazi baso ngezithelo ezimnandi.
