Izinhlobo eziningi i-rhododendrons (azaleas)ekhulile emapaki nasezindadidi ngesikhathi ehlotshaniswa nehlobo egcwele izigqoko zezimbali ezincane kakhulu - ukhilimu, obomvu, obomvu, ophuzi, o-orange - obonakala sengathi unamafu aluhlaza ahlala phansi isikhathi esithile emanzini.
Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-hybrid zalezi zitshalo ezithuthuka ngokugcwele ezimweni zeqembu eliphakathi.
Ukufika
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo nezindawo
Ukulima endaweni enhle kuhle ukukhetha izinhlobo zasebusika eziqinile.
Ukuze utshale i-rhododendron, kungcono ukhethe isiqondisi esenyakatho sesayithi, ekhanyiswa ilanga ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Indawo ekahle kufanele ishiye isikhala ngaphezu kwe-bush evulekile, kodwa emahoreni emini isithunzi esinyene kakhulu kufanele siwele kuso - njengasehlathini elingavamile lephayini.
Abomakhelwane abaseduze kakhulu be-rhododendron-azaleas kufanele babe izihlahla ezinezimpande ezijulile - i-pin noma i-larch.
Uma izitshalo eziseduze ziseduze, izimpande zazo zikhona kakhulu, zizokunciphisa ukuthungwa komswakama nokudla.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, umgodi wokufika uzodinga ukufakwa nge-polyethylene noma ukuphahlazeka.
Uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayimitha esuka enhlabathini futhi engaphansi - ukutshala kudingeka ukhethe isayithi ephakeme.
Isikhathi sokufika
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile - isikhathi sehlobo, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-May (ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali) nasekwindla, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba. Ama-Rhododendrons angatshalwa ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo, ngaphandle kwezimbali zezimbali kanye nesikhathi sesonto elilodwa emva kwalo.
Umhlaba
Izidingo eziyinhloko zokwakheka kwenhlabathi: ukuphelelwa okwanele nokudla okunomsoco, ukusabela kwe-asidi.
Ukuqinisekisa izici ezinjalo, amabhakede ayisishiyagalombili we-peat, amabhakede amabili e-sod ezweni kanye namabhakede amabili eshlabathi ahlanganiswe.
Ungakwenza kanjani lokhu?
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomgodi wokufika: ukujula - 40 cm, ububanzi buka-60 cm.
Kufakwa ungqimba lwamanzi (amatshe amatshe, imfucumfucu noma impi yezitini), inhlabathi elungiselelwe ichitheka (kuyasiza ukuthulula ngaphezulu 30-50 g of umquba ezimbi ezimbiwa amaminerali, engenawo i-calcium, noma i-chlorine) futhi uyayiphakamisa kahle, bese ugoba umgodi wokufika ukuze uthole isiteji. Ngaphambi kokutshala, uhlelo lwazo lwempande lugxila emanzini futhi lugcinwe khona kuze kube yilapho ukukhululwa kwamabhulebhu emoyeni kuyeka.
Bese useka isitshalo, ugcwalise umgodi ngomxube wehlabathi, uwunqamule futhi uqiniseke ukuthi intamo impande ishaya phansi komhlaba.
Emva kokutshala, ukuchelela kwenziwa futhi kufafazwe inhlabathi ezungeze "ikhaya elisha" ngamaqabunga ephayini noma i-peat, amaqabunga e-oki.
Uma kunamahlumela amaningi esihlahleni, amanye awo kufanele asuswe ukuze lesi sitshalo siqondise amabutho amakhulu ukuze aqothule, hhayi ukusila.
Uma kunesidingo, unganikeza ukusekelwa okukodwa kwesibhakabhaka, bese kuthi lapho isitshalo samukelwa, ukusekelwa kususiwe.
Ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi akufanele kube, ngoba uhlelo lwempande luyizimpande ezingajulile futhi ezincane ezonakaliswa kalula.
Vula ukulungiswa kwensimu
Ukulungiselela ubusika
NgoNovemba, uhlelo lwempande lufudumala, luhlakaza ungqimba lwe-peat emjikelezweni we-pristvolnom.
Ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo, amahlumela aphezulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga afakwe emhlabathini futhi agcwele amahlamvu asomile namaqabunga e-fir spruce.
Izihlahla ezincane zezinhlobo ezivuthiwe zimboza amagatsha ase-spruce ngokuphelele.
Ukunisela nokuphalaza
Lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuphuziswa njalo, ngamanzi athambile, mhlawumbe kunamanzi noma imvula. Unganciphisa amanzi okunisela ngokufaka izandla ezimbalwa ze-peat kuwo usuku. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo nezomile, qiniseka ukuthi uyifakeza njalo ngamanzi athambile. Ekwindla, uma kunemvula encane, benza ukuchelela okwengeziwe - ibhakede lamanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isicelo jikelele Izitshalo ziqhutshwa minyaka yonke noma eminyakeni emibili (kuye ngokuthi isimo sesitshalo): ibhakede lomquba kanye nebhakede le-peat lilethwa ngokungazungezile ehlathini.
Ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zentuthuko ama-rhododendrons amancane asekelwa yizilandelayo ukuphakelayo:
Ekuqaleni kukaJune, ekuphakameni kwezimbali: i isipuni se-potassium sulfate kanti inani elifanayo le-urea liyoncibilika ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Maphakathi noJuni, ekupheleni kwezimbali: isisombululo salokhu okuhlushwa: isipuni se-potassium sulfate nesilinganiso esifanayo somanyolo wezitshalo zezimbali ebhaketheni lamanzi.
Ekupheleni kwezimbali, ekupheleni kukaJuni, isipuni se-superphosphate kanye nesilinganiso esifanayo se-potassium sulfate sishukunyiswa ibhakede lamanzi.
Ukukhula nokusika
Ama-Rhododendrons athwalwa, njengomthetho, kancane kancane, ngoba amahlathi abo enza umqhele oqondile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukususa amahlumela afriziwe noma abuthakathaka, avuselele isitshalo esidala.
Uma ububanzi bamagatsha bungaphezu kuka-2 cm, lezi zingcezu zihlanganiswa ne-pitch pitch.
Ukuthintwa ngokweqile yi-frost noma amakhophi amadala kakhulu kunqunywe ukuphakama kwama-30-40 cm ngaphezulu komhlabathi ngezinyathelo ezimbili: ingxenye eyodwa yokuqala, nangonyaka olandelayo - okunye.
Ukudubula kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi njalo kugqoke amagilavu: amaqabunga e-rhododendron anobuthi!
Ukwandisa izimbali bese ukwandisa ukukhula, i-inflorescences yezimbali kufanele iphulwe.
Izimbali
Umbala wezimbali ezinjengama-funnel-bell, ubujamo bawo, ubukhulu, i-terry, ubukhulu be-inflorescences, ngenxa yempumelelo yokukhethwa, kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Cha, mhlawumbe, kuphela ama-azaleas-rhododendrons anombala obala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ezinhlobonhlobo zihambisana nephunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Iningi lama-rhododendron linesikhathi sokuvuna esiphakathi kwamaviki angu-2-3 ngokuwa. Ukuphela kukaMeyi kuphakathi kukaJulayi.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinokuqala (ngo-Ephreli) futhi kamuva (ngoJuni) izimbali, kanye nokuphindaphindiwe (hhayi njalo ngonyaka) ezigeleza ekwindla.
Izimbali ezimbi noma ukungabi khona kwazo kungabangelwa izimo ezimbi: ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi okungalungile, ukukhanya okuqine kakhulu, ukudla okungenamsoco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanyolo we-nitrogen, lesi sitshalo, esilimaza izimbali, sakha kakhulu ikhava elihlaza.
Izihlahla zensimu ezikhulayo
Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa yizinhlanzi ezinzima, kanye nezitshalo ezithintekayo nokusika.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukutshala i-substrate iqukethe i-peat nesihlabathi ngobuningi obulinganayo. Entwasahlobo, imbewu encane ye-rhododendron ihlakazekile phezu kwendawo yayo enomanzi futhi ihlanganiswe nokugqoka eplastiki. I-greenhouse iqukethe ama-degrees angu-20, umoya futhi unciphisa i-substrate. Isikhathi sokuvela kwezithombo, njengokubusa, kungamaviki angu-3-4.
Lapho amaqabunga okuqala eqiniso ekhula, Izithombo zitshalwe ngokukhululekile, zijulise ngesikhathi esisodwa kuma-cotyledonsukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande.
Ngemuva kwalokho, izitshalo ezincane ziqukethe ukushisa okuvela ku-8 kuya kwezingu-12 degrees kanye nokukhanya okuphansi kusukela emahora angu-16 kuya kwangu-18, okudalwe ukukhanya okuyingxenye. Amanzi ase-pan.
NgoJuni, izithombo zihlala phansi kancane futhi zikhulile futhi.
Amazinga okushisa asebusika akufanele akhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-18. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-rhododendrons amancane ahlala kude no-3-4 cm ukusuka kwenye, kodwa kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu uzobe ekulungele ukufika emhlabathini.
Cuttings
Kule ndlela yokusabalalisa, amahlumela aphakathi kwamakhilogremu asetshenziselwa, lapho ama-cuttings angu-5-8 amiswa ngayo. Izigaba ezingezansi zifakwa kwisisombululo sokukhula kwe-stimulator amahora angu-12-16. Bese batshalwe esitsheni ngenhlanganisela encane yomhlabathi futhi bagqoke ukugoqa epulasitiki.
Air, gcina umswakama. Ukuvuthwa kwesikhumba kuthatha isikhathi eside (kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-3) futhi akupheli ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukukhula okwehlisiwe okuxubile ngenhlanganisela yama-peat kanye ne-pine izinaliti; bayinqobe engaphezu kwendlu, ekushiseni kwama-degrees angaba ngu-10. Entwasahlobo zengezwa emhlabathini ebhokisini lokufika, futhi ekugcineni zitshala okungenani ngonyaka.
Ukubeka
Entwasahlobo, igatsha elisencane elikhethiwe ligobile phansi, lihleliwe, lengezwe ngokuphuza amanzi futhi liphuza, ligwema umswakama omile. Lapho amahlumela amasha amelana nawo evela, izendlalelo ekugcineni zihlukanisiwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Esimweni esihle, lesi sifo asithinti isitshalo.
Ukutholakala kwe-Fungal - umphumela wokukhula enhlabathini egcwele emanzi. Ukuqeda, ukwandisa ingress of umswakama futhi enze ukwelashwa nge sulphate ithusi noma Bordeaux liquid.
Uma kungenayo i-nitrogen ne-potassium eyanele, lapho umswakama uphazamisa, kuxutshwe i-chlorosis - amaqabunga aphendukile aphuzi. Kulesi simo, ukhiphe umswakama obuningi, unikeze amanzi futhi ufeze lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo sensimbi: 7.5 g ilitha ngalinye lamanzi.
Izindawo ezibomvu emithanjeni emaqabunga avela ngokuntuleka kokudla kwenhlabathi. Ukufakelwa umquba namaminerali e-ammonium noma i-potassium nitrate kuzolungisa isimo.
Ngemuva kwamaqabunga aqinile kwisitshalo esingavunyelwe amaqabunga ayafaNgakho-ke, akusiluleka ukususa indawo yokuhlala yasebusika kusuka emaqabunga amahlamvu noma ama-spruce ekuseni kakhulu.
Emhlabathini ovulekile ku-rhododendron kungaba nokuxazulula lokho izinambuzane ezinambuzane: i-rhododendron bug, isi-spider mite, i-spike yase-Asia. Izindlela zokulawula - ukuphalaza i-diazinon.
I-Mealybug Kukhululekile ngokupuniza nge karbofos.
Weevil eboshiwe. Ukulwa nalo kuyasiza karbofos, kanye ne-basudin, diazinon ne-furadan.
I-mole-miner encane enamaphiko. Kulokhu izihlahla zihlanjululwa nesulfure.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingadi ye-azaleas ingadla slugs kanye nemisinki. "Izivakashi" ezinjalo ziqoqwe nje, futhi njenge-prophylaxis, izihlahla ziphathwa nge-fungicide.
Ukunakekela "izihlahla ezibomvu" (lokhu kuhunyushwa kusukela egameni lesiGreki elithi "rhododendron"), nokugcina ubuthi obufisayo nobumanyolo bomhlabathi, ngenkathi usondla lezi zitshalo ezingapheli ngesikhathi, ungakwazi ukujabulela zonke izimbali izimbali zazo eziningi, okuyiminyaka ehamba phambili ibe yinto enhle kakhulu - njengezivande ezidumile Leonardsley.
Isithombe
Bona izithombe eziningi ze-rhododendron engadini:
