IHogweed iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esiqhamuka emndenini wakwa-Umbrella. Kuyaziwa ngabaningi ngenxa yamandla ayo okubangela ukusha. Ngasikhathi sinye, igama lesiRussia libonisa ukuthi amahlamvu amancane asetshenziswa ukwenza amasobho, ama-borsch nezifundo zesibili. Igama lesayensi - uHeracleum noma uHercule utshani - likhuluma ngosayizi omkhulu waso sonke lesi sitshalo, amaqabunga awo nezambulela. IHogweed isatshalaliswa kabanzi endaweni efudumele yase-Eurasia, yize itholakala naseNyakatho Melika. Imvamisa, ikhula emahlathini acwebile aqhakazayo, ezimithini ezimanzi, emifuleni nasemigwaqweni. Isimo sengqondo sokujikijela siyamangaza. Ezinye izinhlobo zinobuthi kubantu nasezilwaneni, kanti ezinye zisetshenziswa njengokudla, njengomuthi, kanye nokuhlobisa isiza kanye nezolimo. Akumangazi ukuthi ukhula olunoshevu luhlala luthola kanzima, kepha izinhlobo zokuhlobisa nezinempilo zitshalwa ngempumelelo.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-hogweed
IHogweed isitshalo esincane. Imvamisa imijikelezo yempilo yayo iba yiminyaka emi-2 kanti ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu ngaphezulu. Yondla nge-rhizome eyisisekelo enamagatsha amaningi angaphezulu. Ukujula kwezimpande kufinyelela ku-2 m.
Iziqu ezigqinsiwe kahle zifana namashubhu angenalutho. Ukuphakama kwabo okuphakathi kusuka ku-20-50 cm kuye ku-2,5 m. Kunezinhlobo ezinobude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6. Esiqwini esingenalutho kunezikali ezinzima ne-villi. Inendawo ebunjiwe.
Amaqabunga agxiliswa ezisekelweni ku-rosette eminyene ye-basal. Amapuleti weqabunga le-Openwork lesimo se-cirrus-dissected noma lobed sinezigaba ezingama-3-7 ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobumo ezinemiphetho eyenziwe nge-serated noma engafanelekile. Umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza-okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okotshani. Iqabunga ngalinye litholakala kwisibambo eside, esisekelo saso sihlanganisa isiqu.
NgoJuni, izambulela eziyinkimbinkimbi zivele eziqongweni zamahlumela. Izimbali zihlala izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ububanzi be-inflorescence buba ngamasentimitha angama-40. Unemisebe efinyelela ku-150 ezinezimbali ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi noma opinki. Izimbali zakwa-Hogweed ziqukethe isamba esikhulu sempova nompe, osebenza njengokudla kwamaprotheni kwabathutha impova. Ama-Hogweed ayizitshalo ezingama-monocarpic, ukuqhakaza kwawo kwenzeka kanye kuphela. Lapho-ke isitshalo siyafa.
Ngemuva kokuvunguza, kuvela amakhompiyutha ezinhlotshana ezinemilando emibili yesimo se-oval endaweni yezimbali. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, zivula kalula futhi zikhulule imbewu.
Ingozi yokuhlaselwa
Ebantwini, ingozi enkulu kakhulu ukuthintana ngokomzimba ne-parsnip yenkomo. Ukuluka okucacile kwesitshalo kunzima ukukubona esikhunjeni. Akubangeli ukuvutha noma okunye ukungakhululeki. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuzwela kwesikhumba ukukhanya kwelanga kukhuphuka kakhulu. Lesi sici se-hogweed sibizwa nge-Phototoxicity. Amafutha abalulekile nama-coumarin anengxenye ekushisweni. Ngezinsuku ezicacile nezishisayo, zinamandla ngokwengeziwe. Emizuzwini embalwa noma emahoreni (kuze kufike ngosuku), kuphuma amabhuleki amakhulu agcwele uketshezi. Uma ujusi ungena emehlweni, khona-ke izinqubo ezingenakuphikiswa zingaqala ngokuba ubumpumputhe.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ingozi iyanda. Iphunga elibukhali, elifana nephunga likaphalafini, lisuka kumamitha ambalwa ukusuka ezitshalweni. Kubangela ukusabela komzimba nezinkinga zokuphefumula.
Vele, ukuxhumana ngqo nesitshalo kufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindlela, kodwa uma sekuvele kwenzeka, ungasiza ngokulandelayo:
- geza kahle izindawo ezonakalisiwe enamanzi amaningi agobhozayo ngensipho;
- phatha ngezidakamizwa eziqukethe utshwala, i-furatsilinom noma isisombululo se-potanganum permanganate;
- Faka i-panthenol noma enye i-sedative
- Musa ukusebenzisa ingcindezi noma ukulungisa ukugqoka;
- vikela ukukhanya kwelanga ukungena endaweni ethintekile okungenani izinsuku ezi-2.
Udokotela anganikeza usizo oluphumelela kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele ungabaze ukuvakashela esibhedlela.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingama-70 zama-hogweed. Zihlukaniswe ngokwemibandela zibe yizinhlamvu ezinoshevu, neziqediwe nezitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Izitshalo ezinobuthi
Izitshalo ezilandelayo zinobuthi.
Hogweed weSosnowski. Lesi sitshalo semvelo esidala esinamandla sokwindabuko seCaucasus. Ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Izithombo ezinamandla ezinamagatsha anamandla zakha i-shrub eqinile. Amacembe amakhulu aluhlaza akhula ngo-1,4 m ubude futhi afinyelela ku-0,7 m ububanzi. I-inflorescence enezimbali ezimhlophe noma ezikhanyayo eziphinki ubukhulu zingama-50-80 cm. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka kuphela ngembewu. Ijusi lalezi zinhlobo ligcwele ama-furanocoumarins. Ukungena esikhunjeni, ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe ye-ultraviolet, iyakwazi ukudala ukushiswa okukhulu kuze kube sekufeni. Ekuqaleni, izitshalo zazitshalwa njengesitshalo sokuphakelwa kwezolimo. Kodwa-ke, kwatholakala ukuthi kuthinta ikhodi yofuzo futhi kudala ukuguquka kwezilwane.
Hogweed Mantegazzi. Isitshalo esikhulu esikhula ngokushesha esinobude obungamamitha ayi-6 sisakazeka ngokushesha endaweni ezungezile. Ububanzi bamahlumela bufika ku-5- cm cm. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo angafani naluhlu olunezakhi ezi-3-5 akhula ezisekelweni zawo. Ubude beqabunga nge-petiole ngamamitha ayi-3. NgoJuni-Agasti, ephezulu ihlotshiswe nge-inflorescence eminyene. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwezithelo, isitshalo siyafa. Ijusi lezinhlobonhlobo nalo licebile kuma-furanocoumarins, okubangela ukuvutha esikhunjeni, ngakho emazweni amaningi kulwelwa ezingeni likahulumeni.
I-hogweed ejwayelekile. I-Herbaceous perennial ene-eziyize, iziqu ezi-pubescent kancane zikhula ngo-2-2,5 m ukuphakama. Amaqabunga agqamile anama-lobes angama-3-5 akhula kuma-petioles amade. Zihlaza ezigcwele satjani. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe zakha isambulela esiyinkimbinkimbi esingama-40 cm ububanzi.
Izitshalo ezingenangozi
Izitshalo ezilandelayo zithathwa njengezingenabungozi.
Siberian hogweed. Uhlamvu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olunezihlahla ezinesithombo oluyi-1,2-2 m lukhula amaqabunga aluhlaza cirrus aluhlaza. Ubuye futhi agxiliswe eduze komhlaba endaweni ephumayo eminyene. Ipuleti ngalinye lamaqabunga linobhaki abangu-3-7. Izimbali ezi-green-green ziyaqhakaza kuma-umbrela inflorescence anobubanzi obuyi-16-20 cm. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Izitshalo akuzona ukukhula okunobuthi futhi okunolaka, kodwa zinezakhiwo eziningi zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa.
I-hogweed enoboya. I-herbaceous biennial engaba ngu-150 cm ukuphakama iqukethe amahlumela afinyanisiwe angama-fur cmed angu-3-5 cm. Amahlamvu a-oval noma oyindilinga angama-50-60 cm ubude anombala oluhlaza futhi embozwe inqwaba yesiliva. Izambulela ezinezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ezingamasentimitha ziyi-15-20 cm.
Ukulima nokunakekela
Njengoba i-hogweed isatshalaliswa kalula imbewu futhi inikeze ukuzitshala okuhle, akunangqondo ukusebenzisa izindlela zokutshala kabusha. Imvamisa imbewu zivunwa kancane zingavuthwa, njengoba zishesha ukubuna. Ungabopha futhi izambulela nge-gauze. Ngemuva kokumiswa, izilimo zikhiqizwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Maphakathi nekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, zisondela ekujuleni okungama-2-3 cm. Indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe ayidingekile. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuqubuka kweqhwa, kuphuma amahlumela okuqala. Ekuqaleni, i-rhizome ne-green eluhlaza kukhula ngenkuthalo. Izimbali ziqala onyakeni wesibili kuya wesishiyagalombili wokuphila. Ungahlwanyela futhi ukutshontshelwa entwasahlobo, kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, imbewu ibekwa esiqandisini ukuze ivuseleleke emavikini angama-2-3.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba okukhulu futhi sinesibindi. Kuyaphawuleka ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi nendawo. Kuzofanele unakekele i-hogweed kancane. Kepha kunezimo zokukhula ezifanele amafomu okuhlobisa.
Isibani Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle elangeni elikhanyayo, elangeni eliqondile, kodwa futhi lingaba semthunzini owubonayo.
Ukushisa IHogweed inzima kakhulu. Imelana nokushisa ngokulingana kahle kuze kufike ku-+40 ° C bese kuthi iqhwa lize liye ku-35 ° C. Ehlobo, akadingi ukuvikelwa, futhi ebusika, evikela inhlabathi ezimpandeni.
Ukunisela. Yize lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukubekezelela isomiso sesikhathi esifushane, ukuchelela njalo kuyadingeka ukuze kukhule ngokushesha nokwakhiwa kwamathanga aluhlaza obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukungagxili kwamanzi emhlabathini akumele kuvunyelwe ukuze ukubola kwezimpande kungakhuli. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kwesinye isikhathi liyasiza ukukhulula. Eduze kwezitshalo ezincane, ukhula luyasuswa, amasampula aqinile azicindezela wona ngokwawo.
Umanyolo IHogweed ingenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle komanyolo. Uma inhlabathi ingeyinhle kakhulu noma udinga ukuthola ngokushesha ama-bush, ungachitha isikhathi esisodwa ukondla. Icebo lakhe kwentwasahlobo. Isixazululo se-mullein sithululelwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma kusetshenziswa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali.
Ukulawula ukhula
Izindlela zokubhujiswa kwezinhlobo ezinobuthi ze-cownnn yenkomo zenziwa ngcono njalo. Kuze kube manje, sebethuthukise ngaphezu kweshumi nambili. Lokhu okulandelayo kubhekwa njengokusebenza ngempumelelo:
- ukuthenwa kwama-budb unown (kusukela ukuqhuma kube kuphela kanye, kwanele ukukuvikela ekuqhakameni nasekuhleleni imbewu);
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicides (izinto ezinobuthi ezonakalisa izitshalo) - udinga ukufafaza ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimbali;
- ukushisa (amathikithi athelwa ngoketshezi olunokushiswa futhi avutha umlilo kusuka ekugcineni kokuqhakaza kuze kube sekuvuthwe ngokuphelele kwembewu; kubalulekile ukuthi kungabi budebuduze, ngoba izitshalo ezivuthayo zikhipha uthuthu olunoshevu);
- ukulima nokususa ukhula (esakhiweni esincane somhlaba kwanele ukumba umhlabathi kaningana ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ukhula olujwayelekile emibhedeni, lowo nalowo mbono kufanele unqunywe ngaphansi kwentamo yezimpande);
- ukutshalwa kwezilimo ezikhula ngokushesha komugqa;
- ukuzalanisa izinambuzane, izitha zemvelo;
- Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo (ukusetshenziswa kwezindiza zokusika umonakalo wezimpande akuvumeli ukuthi inkomazi yezinkomo ikhule futhi iqhume futhi ukhula luqedwe kancane kancane ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseduze kwalapho).
Izici zokwelapha
I-hogweed yaseSiberia engenangozi ihlala isetshenziswa emithini yabantu njengomuthi osebenzayo. Ama-infusions asebenzayo kanye nama-decoctions alungiselelwe kusuka ezimpandeni zawo nasemacembe. Ukudla kusiza ukuqeda izifo zezinso nezinyongo, ukuqaqanjiswa yisifo sokuwa. Ama-decoctions ezimpande asetshenziselwa ukulwa ne-lymphadenitis, izimila zesitho sangasese sowesifazane, isifuba somoya kanye ne-hepatitis. Ama-bath kanye nama-compress ayasebenza ezifweni zesikhumba, i-rheumatism noma i-scabies.
Umuthi osemthethweni awukasamukeli lesi sitshalo, kepha kwenziwa izifundo kanti abanye odokotela bancoma ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwendabuko nangenye indlela. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingxenye zesitshalo zingama-allergener aqinile. Ukuze ungalimazi impilo yakho, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
