I-lily yamanzi luhlobo lwezitshalo zasemanzini ezinamakhambi ezivela emndenini we-Water Lily. Indawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo iyamangalisa noma igeleza kancane amanzi amasha we-subtropics kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Urals, eCentral Asia, Russia, Belarus kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwegama elijwayelekile, libizwa "lily lamanzi", "ingane yelanga" noma "nymphaeum." Amanzi lily afihlwe ezinganekwaneni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokusho komunye wabo, i-nymph emhlophe yaphenduka imbali yamanzi ngenxa yothando olungalinganiyo ngeHercules. Ngokuya kwezinye izinkolelo, imbali ngayinye inencele ehlukile. Le mbali kufanele uyihlobise kahle echibini lakho elincane, ngoba ngaphezu kwenjabulo yobuhle, umnikazi uthola izinzuzo eziningi zezempilo nezomnotho.
Ukuvela kwesitshalo
I-lily yamanzi i-perennial yasemanzini enezimbali ezinde eziqondile. Inamathela ku-silt futhi ikhula ijule izinqubo ezimfushane zima mpo. Ukuqina kwezimpande ezinjengentambo evundlile cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Amahlamvu amakhulu we-petiole akhula kusuka kuma-buds at the nodes stem. Ezinye zazo kungenzeka zisekholamu lamanzi, kepha iningi likhona ebusweni. Ipuleti elinomumo wenhliziyo, cishe neliyindilinga libanzi kakhulu. Ubukhulu bawo buyi-20-30 cm ngaphesheya. Imiphetho yamaqabunga iqinile, futhi ingaphezulu ingacacile noma imisindo emibili: luhlaza, nsundu, pinki, luhlaza okotshani.
NgoMeyi-Juni, izimbali zokuqala ziqala ukuvela. Isikhathi sezimbali sihlala kuze kube yiqhwa, noma imbali eyodwa ihlala kuphela izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Kusihlwa, ama-petals ayavala, i-peduncle iyanciphisa futhi idonse imbali ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ekuseni, inqubo ephambene iyenzeka. Imvamisa i-corolla iqukethe amathuna ama-4, afana namaphayini, kepha ahluke ngombala ogcwele ngokwengeziwe. Ngemuva kwabo emigqeni eminingana kukhona amacembe amakhulu ayindilinga onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe. Umbala we-petals ungaba mhlophe, ukhilimu, upinki noma ubomvu. Lezi zinguquko ziphenduka zibe stamens amancane abushelelezi. Ipestle ibonakala kuwo uqobo umnyombo. Ububanzi bentyatyambo yomnduze wamanzi buyi-6-15 cm. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga elimnandi lokuqina okuhlukahlukene.
Ngemuva kokuvota, i-peduncle iyancipha futhi isonteke, ithwele isithelo esivuthayo ngaphansi kwamanzi ngesimo sebhokisi lembewu. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kokugcina, izindonga zivuleka, zikhulula imbewu encane embozwe umiyane obukhulu. Okokuqala, zingaphezulu kwamanzi, futhi lapho umunyu usugeziwe ngokuphelele, shona phansi bese umila.
Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo, ukugcwala kanye nokushiswa kwezidumbu zamanzi, isibalo seminduze yamanzi sehlile kakhulu. Futhi, ukubhujiswa kwesibalo somphakathi kwathinteka ekuqothulweni kwezitshalo ngenhloso yezokwelapha. Ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, umnduze wamanzi amhlophe, sezivele zifakwe ku-Red Book.
Izinhlobo Zeminduze Yamanzi
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, uhlobo lwe-Kuvshinka lunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-40.
Imibala emhlophe emanzi (emhlophe emhlophe). Umhlali wamachibi aseCentral Russian uhlukaniswa uhlelo olunamandla kakhulu lwezimpande olunokuhluma kwethanga ku-rhizome. Ngaphezulu kwamanzi amathoyizi angenamanzi athwalela amaqabunga nezimbali. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile aqinile ebusweni bamanzi anobubanzi obuyi-20-25 cm. Anesimo esijikeleziwe esine-disgment endaweni yokunameka kwe-petiole. I-efihlekile yokuqala ivulwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, zithathe isikhundla sazo kuze kufike ekwindla. Isibalo esikhulu sezimbali sibonwa engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Izimbali ezinamakha qhwa amhlophe qhwa ezinobubanzi obungu-10-15 cm ziba yimigqa eminingana yamaphayini we-ovoid okhonjwa kanye nomongo ovuthayo onama-stamens aphuzi.
Umnduze wamanzi amhlophe. Izitshalo zihlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. Amaqabunga amakhulu impela afinyelela kububanzi obuyi-30 cm, kepha abe nesakhiwo esingahlukanisiwe epuletini. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izimbali ezimhlophe ezinomhluzi ziyaqhakaza zinobubanzi obungu-15 cm. Amacembe amakhulu atholakala kwindilinga engaphandle, futhi maqondana nesikhungo ziba mncane bese ziba yimigqa eminingana yama-stamens.
Umnduze wamanzi yi-tetrahedral. Umuntu ohlala enyakatho yeSiberia unobungako obujwayelekile. Ububanzi bezimbali zalo ezimhlophe obomvana abudluli ku-5 cm.
I-Hybrid lily yamanzi. Iqembu lezimbali zamanzi okuhlobisa zakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa engadini. Isizathu salokhu isilinganiso esibi sokusinda kwezitshalo zasendle emasikweni. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
- I-Alba - isitshalo esiphakeme ngo-40-100 cm ngezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe qhwa;
- I-Rozeya - ama-corollas amakhulu anenkomishi epinki kanye nama-pink amacembe apinki aqhakaza amahlumela angama-0-1-1 m;
- I-Gold Medal - izimbali zegolide ezinamaphara amaningi amancanyana zitholakala ekuhlolweni kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1;
- UJames Brydon - ama-corry ama-corry ama-terry asayizi omncane aqukethe amacembe abanzi nxazonke, akhula esiqwini esibalelwa ku-1 m ubude;
- Ubuhle be-Blue - amacembe amakhulu aluhlaza azungezwe izimbali ezinamaphara aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomongo wegolide.
Imibala yezinhlobo zeminduze zamanzi zivame ukuphathwa yimithunzi emhlophe noma epinki, kepha abanye bathi babone umnduze wamanzi ophuzi. Isitshalo esinjalo sikhona, kepha singolunye uhlobo - i-Eggplant. Ngokwesakhiwo samaqabunga nendawo yokuhlala, i-genera ifana kakhulu. Bobabili bangabomndeni owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zinobukhulu obunesizotha kakhulu futhi azidluli i-4-6 cm ngaphesheya.Amacembe ngokwawo abanzi futhi ayindilinga.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Kunzima kakhulu ukusabalalisa i-lily yamanzi. Noma ngabe unesazi sezimbali esinolwazi, akuyona yonke imizamo ezophumelela. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuvame ukwenzeka endle eningizimu yezwe.
Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ukhonjiswa izindlela zokusanhlamvu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhipha i-rhizome futhi usike izingcezu ukuze ukuhlukana ngakunye kube nezinso okungenani okungenani. Izingcezu kufanele zifafazwe ngamalahle. Konke ukukhohlisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngokwanele, ngoba isitshalo asikubekezeleli ukwehla kwezimpande ngokweqile. Ibekwe esitsheni esinamanzi nesaladi. Uma kunamaqabunga ambalwa engxenyeni ethile, amanye awo kufanele asuswe ukuze angasenzi buthaka isitshalo.
Izimfihlo Zokunakekela
Ukusetshenziswa kweminduze yamanzi okuhlobisa kuyisisombululo esihle kakhulu samachibi amancanyana. Zikhula kahle endaweni enokhanyayo, evulekile, kepha futhi zingakhula ngokufiphaza okuncane. Isithunzi esigcwele, lesi sitshalo ngeke sife, kepha awukwazi ukulinda izimbali. Ukuze wonke umphezulu wamanzi ungambozwe imifino, kuyadingeka ukwabeka isigamu samamitha ayi-1-4 sesigameko ngasinye. Iminduze yamanzi ikhula kahle emanzini agxilile, athambile noma ngokugeleza okuncane. Ukumba okungaguquki kufakwa kubo, ngakho-ke, izitshalo zizofa eduze komthombo.
Ukufakelwa indawo kwenziwa ngoMeyi-Juni. Noma ungabeka impande ngqo ezansi yedamu, kulula kakhulu ukutshala i-nympha ebhakedeni noma esitsheni esikhulu sepulasitiki. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo singasuswa ukuze singaboli echibini elingashoni nelinaqhwa ngokuphelele. Ingxube yenhlabathi yenziwe ngezakhi ezilandelayo:
- Peat;
- inhlabathi engadini;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- umquba
Iphuzu lokukhula ngesikhathi sokufika kufanele lihlale phezu kobuso. Ukuze umhlaba ungafiki futhi izithombo zingagezwa, ingaphezulu lesisindo ngamatshe amatshe. Ukujula kokucwiliswa kuncike ekuphakameni kwezinhlobo ezithile. Kungaba amasentimitha angama-20 kuphela noma kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-1. Okokuqala, isitsha esinezitshalo sibekwa engxenyeni engajulile, ukuze amaqabunga avele ngokushesha. Njengoba zikhula, i-lily yamanzi icwiliswa ngokujulile. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kungenzeka kuphela ngenkathi yokukhula. Ngokuqala kwama-buds, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lamanzi kuyaphulwa.
INymphaeum idinga ukondliwa. Umanyolo wakhe kungaba ukudla kwamathambo. Ihlanganiswe nefomu lobumba namabhola. Bacwiliswa enhlabathini eduze nezimpande.
Lapho ukutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ubukhulu bokuqina kobusika kwezinhlobo. Ezinye zazo ziphikelela ngisho nakumaqhwa aqine kakhulu. Imvamisa lawa amamaki aphezulu echibini elikhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitsha esine-lily yamanzi siyasuswa bese sidluliselwa egumbini elibandayo nelimnyama, bese kuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo iqhwa liphele, libuyiselwe echibini. Amaqabunga wobusuku angavamile ngeke asilimaze isitshalo.
Iminduze yamanzi ayesabi izifo, ihlukaniswa nokugonywa okunamandla kakhulu. Ekushiseni okuqinile, echibini elingashoni kakhulu, ama-aphid angahlala esitshalweni. Ukulimala okuvela kulo lonke lily lwamanzi kuncane, kodwa izimbali zingawa zingavulwa. Futhi, amaqabunga amnandi aheha iminenke. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kungaholela ekutheni ubuthi bugcwale yonke indawo yokugcina, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisebenza ngomshini wokususa izinambuzane. Kuqoqwa iminenke, bese ama-aphid ahlanzwa ngomfula wamanzi.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenzayo, njengesitashi, i-ascorbic acid, ama-flavonoid, uwoyela onamafutha, amaprotheni, ama-tannins, ama-alkaloids, ama-glycosides. Izinto ezihlutshiwe ezihlutshuliwe ziyafuzwa futhi zithathwe ngomlomo ukulwa nekhanda, i-amenorrhea, ukuqwasha, isifo sokusha kwesibindi, imithambo yesinye, isimhudo kanye nesimila. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwe-decoction kusiza ukuqeda ukuvuvukala esikhunjeni.
Izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ngokweqile zilimaza umzimba ngaphezu kokuba zizuza. Awukwazi ukubahlukumeza, kungcono ukuthatha izidakamizwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela. Okunye futhi oku-contraindified yimizimba yokugomela kanye nokuthambekela kokuqonda ngokuqinile (hypotension).
