Ama-Cherry ezinhlobonhlobo zeZhivitsa angamalungu eqembu lama-dykes. I-Duke iyi-hybrid yama-cherries nama-cherries, kepha ibhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zama-cherries azimele. IZhivitsa ingabizwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zasentshonalanga, ngoba abazali bayo bayizinhlobonhlobo ezindala zaseYurophu: IJalimane ephuzi eliphuzi laseDenisen ne-Spanish Griot Ostheim yase-Spain eseyivuthiwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zidalwe eBelarus muva nje. Inconyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni yokudalwa ngonyaka we-2002. Ngemuva kwalokho yaqala ukusabalala e-Ukraine naseRussia. Futhi ngonyaka we-2005 ifakiwe kwiRussian Rejista Yokuzalela Okufinyelelwe yaseRussia njengoba kunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa esifundeni esiphakathi.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo Zhivitsa
Kusuka kubazali, izinhlobonhlobo zathola izakhiwo ezinhle ezilandelayo.
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi
- usayizi omkhulu webheli
- ukunambitheka okumnandi
- ukumelana nesithwathwa
- fruiting ezinzile njalo ngonyaka.
Izithelo ezimweni zesifunda esiseRussia zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka okungafani okunganikeza isivuno sokuqala esincane ekuqaleni konyaka wokutshala. Ukuthatha izithelo ngokugcwele kuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-3-4, lapho ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ziqala ukunikeza isivuno esincane. Akukho datha ngokuphila okugcwele nokwenziwa izithelo kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, mhlawumbe ngoba ngokwesilinganiso kuyiminyaka eyi-15-25 yama-cherries, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zeZhivitsa zisezincane futhi azidlulanga isikhathi sesilingo esinjalo.
Amajikijolo eZhivitsa ayindilinga, ngaphandle kombala obomvu onsomi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kune-acidity encane. Noma kunjalo, okuqukethwe ushukela akuyona irekhodi, cishe 8 - 9%. Kwezinye izinhlobo, le nkomba ingu-12-13%. Kodwa okuqukethwe yi-asidi kwamajikijolo eZhivitsa nakho kuncane, 1-1.5%, ngakho-ke amajikijolo awabonakali njengama-asidi kakhulu ukunambitha. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo yi-3-4 g, okude kakhulu kurekhodi lezikhulu (kufika ku-7 g). I-pulp ibomvu okumnyama, ijusi, ngamajikijolo avuthiwe ngokuphelele, ithambo lihlukaniswa kalula.
Kunedatha ekuvunweni kwezinhlobonhlobo lapho ikhule ezitshalweni zezimboni. Ngohlelo lokutshala olungamamitha ayi-5 phakathi kwezintambo no-3 phakathi kweziqu, kuvunwa izikhulu ezingama-100 kuye kwangama-140 ngehektha ngalinye, noma, ngokusobala ngokwedlulela engadini encane, ngokwe-100-140 kg ukusuka kumamitha-skwele ayi-100.
Lokhu akuwona umlando ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezindala ezinde.
Isihlahla siphakathi nendawo, kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Kwakha umqhele oyindilinga, onamagatsha akhula futhi aqhuba ngamathiphu acwebile phansi. ICrohn ikhula kancane, indawo okukhona kuyo amagatsha ayivame kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo azithambekeli ekuqiniseni futhi zidinga ukungathenwa.
Isivuno siyatholakala ukuqoqwa kusuka kumaphethelo wezinyawo eziphathwayo noma abagxeki
Lapho uvivinya ukuhlukahluka kwezimo zesimo sezulu saseBelarusian, ezifanayo ezimweni zasebusika kuya ezifundeni eziningi zengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, akukaze kube nezimo zokubandisa.
Izinhlobonhlobo azizethembi. Okusho ukuthi, esihlahleni esisodwa zonke izimbali zingezesilisa noma zowesifazane kuphela. futhi uma kuseduze noma kubude be-20-30 m, akusekho okunye, azisekho izimbali eziqhakazayo, khona-ke isihlahla sizoqhakaza. kanti i-ovary ngeke ibe yiprintatic. Yikuphi, noma kunjalo, kuyinto ebonakala enhlobonhlobo yamakheli amaningi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukutshala ngamaqembu, mhlawumbe nezinye izinhlobo - ama-pollinators, ama-cherries noma ama-cherries. Ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukwehluka, kepha i-Belarusian Vyanok, i-Seedling noma i-Novodvorskaya.
Ngaphandle kwama-pollinators, amaqanda amaqanda akha ama-20% wezimbali.
Ukutshala isihlahla se-cherry
I-Zhivitsa ehlukahlukene cishe ayinikezeli amahlumela ezimpande. Lokhu kungabhekwa njenge-plus uma ushiya, kepha lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukusakazwa kabanzi ngama-izimpande amahlumela. Izithombo kuzodingeka zithenge e-nursery.
IZhivitsa ingena kahle ekwindla nasekwindla kwentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuwa. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kunconywa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo siyakwazi ukusiphula, sithole amandla bese singena ebusika siqine ngokwanele ubusika. Kodwa ezifundeni eziseningizimu akunakwenzeka ukudonsa ngokufika ekwindla. Ukuze imbewu ikhule ngaphambi kobusika, kubalulekile ukuyitshala ngokushesha ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuphela, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle
Indawo yokutshala ama-cherries ikhethwa ikhanyiswe kahle, ngaphandle kokungakapheli okuqinile, hhayi ukubhukuda. Ukujula kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kufanele okungenani kube yi-1.5 m, ngaphandle kwalokho amanzi azofika ezimpandeni nesihlahla sizofa eminyakeni embalwa.
UCherry uthanda inhlabathi evundile, ethambile, kodwa kunalokho yomhlabathi ovundile omanzi. Ama-sands awalungile ngoba awabambi umswakama futhi awutheleki. Impela. i-chernozem ne-loam ne-sandy loam efanayo ekwakhiweni nasekwenziweni yayo ilungile. Kepha inhlabathi ingathuthukiswa uma inhlabathi ekhethwe emgodini wokutshala ihamba nge-humus esezingeni eliphakeme ngokulingana nezingxenye ezintathu zenhlabathi 1 ingxenye ye-humus. Kungcono ukwengeza umlotha wezinkuni ngenani le-0,5 l nge-10 l yenhlabathi.
IZhivitsa idinga umhlabathi omncane we-alkali noma ongathathi hlangothi onama-acid cishe i-pH7.
Uma izinto ze-organic zingezwa ngaphansi komgodi ojulile ozungeze umbuthano oseduze we-stem, iZhivitsa izokwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yakha uhlelo lwezimpande cishe izikhathi ezi-2 ezikhudlwana kunesithsaba. Izimpande zijula, kepha iningi lazo lizokuma ekujuleni kwama-20- 40 cm - lokhu kucishe ukujula kokumba kuze kufinyelele kufosholo eligcwele.
Ukwethulwa komquba omusha, umanyolo wezimbiwa emgodini wokutshala, kanye nokucwiliswa kwezimpande ngaphambi kokutshala kwizisombululo, kungashisa uhlelo lwezimpande. Vele, ukumba okunjalo ngaphansi kwesihlahla esidala akwamukeleki, kuphela ngaphambi kokutshala. Umgodi wokufika ulungiselelwe ngokuya ngosayizi wezimpande, mhlawumbe ngenhla yobubanzi nokujula, kepha ungabi ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-50 ububanzi futhi kuyafana ngokujula.
Ezimasimini zezimboni, kuyanconywa isikhathi sokuvala isikhala esilinganayo esingu-5 m ukuze kudlule imishini. Ezingadini ezincane, isikhashana singama-3 by 3 m.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezithombo ku-nursery:
- uhlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile
- ezitsheni ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe.
Lesi sakamuva, njengomthetho, sinezimpande ezingcono. Kepha ngaphambi kokumbela inqwaba yomhlaba ngezimpande ezivela ethangini, kungakuhle ukuthi ungayiniseli - khona-ke umhlaba uzokoma kancane, unciphise ivolumu bese uphuma kalula, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande. Kepha ukuze kube lula lokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawudli ngokweqile hhayi ukomisa izithombo.
I-algorithm yokufakelwa
Izinyathelo:
- Ngaphansi komgodi wokufika, isigxobo sokusekelwa sikhandwe ngesando.
- Phansi komgodi wokufika umgodi wezwe uthululwa ngokuphakama kuka-15-25 cm.
- Phezu kwawo wabeka izimpande zesithombo.
- Isithombo kufanele sibe ekujuleni okufanayo njengase-nursery, leli zinga libonakala ngokucacile ngombala wamagxolo. Kunoma ikuphi, intamo yezimpande akufanele igcwaliswe.
- Uma kunesidingo, indunduma ifafazwa iphakeme noma ifinyelelwe phansi ukuze kufinyelelwe ukujula okuqondile kokufika.
- Izimpande zimbozwe ngobunono ngenhlabathi evulekile, zingashiyi zikhala zomoya.
- Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngonyawo.
- Isithombo siboshelwe esigxotsheni sokusekela ngezinto ezithambile ezingalimazi amagxolo - umucu wendwangu, amawele welineni, njll.
- Amanzi namanzi ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10-20. kuya ngomswakama wenhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu.
- Ekwindla, inhlabathi ezungeze lesi yisithombo ifakwe emacandeni abolile ayi-humus, i-peat, izinaliti noma i-hay elicolekileyo enesendlalelo esingaba ngu-10 cm.
- Entwasahlobo, le mulch emnyama efiselekayo iyingqimba elincanyana, ngoba i-mulch ekhanyayo ngeke ivumele umhlaba ukufudumala isikhathi eside.
Isigxobo sesethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi asidingeki.
Ibamba kahle ngaphandle kwesigxobo esingavusa izimpande
Ukhula olungaphansi kwekherishi aludingeki. Bazocindezela izimpande ezincane ze-cherry.
Ungahlanganiswa nesicelo se-organic
Kungcono ukuthola izithombo ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala, zithatha izimpande kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo ezine-system evaliwe yezimpande, ezitsheni, zingatshalwa ekwindla nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezingaphezulu, ngoba ziyasebenza impela.
Isithombo sokuqala sonyaka ongu-1-2 kufanele sibe malunga ne-1 m ukuphakama, sibe namagatsha angama-3-4 wamathambo. Kufanele ixhunyekwe, okubonakala ngokucacile yi-curvature kanye nokuqina kwe-trunk, ekuphakameni okungama-8-12 cm ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande. Ukulandela imigomo yokugoma kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi lokhu akuyona inyoni yasendle.
Ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa ezilwaneni
Ikhwalithi emangazayo yeZhivitsa - ithungathwa kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene nasekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga, iZhivitsa iphathwa ngemikhiqizo ejwayelekile yazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhherubi - ama-insecticides anconyiwe ezinambuzane nezinambuzane zezifo zokukhunta, umkhiqizo wezimboni noma owabantu, alandela ngokuqinile imiyalo yefektri yokusebenzisa kanye nesipiliyoni esiqinisekisiwe, sabalimi.
Kunconywa ukondla i-Zhivitsa ngokuqala kokuzala okugcwele, iminyaka engu-3-4 yokukhula. I-compost noma indle humus, noma i-sapropel - usilika ovela ezansi kwamachibi okuma alethwa endaweni engaba yimpande. Benza umanyolo wezimbiwa. entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kokukhula - i-nitrogen, ekwindla, ukwenza lula ubusika - i-potash ne-phosphorus. Imithamo inqunywa ngokuya ngamatafula emaphaketheni. Njengomthetho, lokhu kungama-40 g nge-1 sq.m.
Abondliwa hhayi minyaka yonke, kodwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3.
IZhivitsa ayithandi ukomiswa ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, esimweni sezulu esomile, idinga ukuthambisa. Ikakhulu ngesikhathi sezimbali nokwakheka kwamaqanda, lokhu kunquma ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo salo nyaka. Inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuchelela kufanele inyanyiswe ukuze ijule okungenani ama-40-50 cm.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Ama-cherries ami aqhakaza okokuqala kulo nyaka (ama-cherries amaningi amadala ezinhlobo zasendaweni angaziwa asuswa), kungabonakala sengathi kuyisithwathwa. Batshala izinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwethu kwendawo yaseBelarusian - i-cherry - i-cherry Zhivitsa hybrid. I-infertile, kepha ebusika-iqine futhi iyamelana nezifo ezinjenge cococycosis ne-moniliosis. Ukuze ngivune impova ngitshala izinhlobo eziseduze zeklabishi i-Iput nezinhlobonhlobo zaseBelarusian iSopernitsa. Ngiyethemba ukuthi manje ngizoba nesivuno esihle.
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=1215ILewisem
Ngempelasonto edlule ngihambe ngamabomu edolobhaneni lakithi, wonke ama-cherries aqhakaza izikhala avikeleka emimoyeni futhi akhula ngemuva kwezihlahla ezinkulu noma ngemuva kwezakhiwo. Kungenzeka, ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yama-cherries kungenye yezimpawu zokuphumelela ekukhuleni ama-cherries, ngaphandle kwawo, yiqiniso, amazinga okushisa abalulekile ebusika, ukusondela kwamanzi omhlaba kanye ne-acidity yenhlabathi kusabalulekile. Indawo Cherry ingadalwa eyenziwe ngabantu.
Fatmax//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=1148&sid=a086f1d6d0fd35b5a4604387e1efbe36&start=1230
Izinhlobo ezintsha, engithemba ukuthi, izimbali zokuqala. UZhivitsa (isikhulu) noGriot Belorussky. Izimbali ezi-5 - ama-5 amaqanda. I-infertile ... I-Zhivitsa iqhakaze kakhulu ekuseni. Kuqhakaze lapho i-cherry isivele iqhakaza ... Zikhula kude, ngamamitha angama-60, zaqhakaza lapho ama-cherries kuphela aphonsa ama-buds. Kepha mhlawumbe uZhivitsa ukwazile ukuvela kwezolimo kubo, noma bazenze pollin noGriot. Isihloko sokuqala sokukhula eZhivitsa sipinki, asijwayelekile kuma-cherries.
Dim//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=1148&start=1245
Ividiyo: amathiphu asebenzayo wokukhulisa ama-cherries
UCherry Zhivitsa - uhlobo olusha. Isipiliyoni esikhulu sokutshala kwayo siqokelelwe eBelarus, futhi eCentral Russia kwasabalalisa okuncane lapho futhi kamuva nje, ngakho-ke kusenezibuyekezo ezimbalwa emithonjeni mayelana nalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Kepha ukwahlulela izincazelo - ukuzithoba, ukukhuthazela nokumelana nesithwathwa nezifo, ukubuya okusheshayo kwesitshalo sokuqala - unamathemba amahle. Ngakho-ke, lowo ambeka ngaphambili anganqoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itshalwe ukungcola okujwayelekile kanye nezinye izinhlobo esezizibonakalise kahle.
