Ngabe abukeka kanjani amaqhwa eqhwa - unjani umbala

Izintethe zeqhwa ezibuthakathaka ziyavela emahlathini entwasahlobo nasezivandeni ezinencibilikili yeqhwa, ezigangeni ezishisiwe. Lokhu kuwuphawu lwangempela lokusondela kokushisa, isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuvuswa kwendalo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zesithwathwa esineqhwa esinama-shades abucayi bezitende. Abalimi bangakhetha inketho efanelekayo yokuzalanisa esizeni nasekuhlobiseni imbali yezimbali, engadini yangaphambili.

Ngabe abukeka kanjani amaqhwa eqhwa?

Amahlaya eqhwa ehlathini akhangwa ukungavikeleki kwawo, iphunga, isisa, okuhlanganiswa ngokumangalisayo nekhono lokusinda kuqhwa. Amahlumela wokuqala ezinhlamvu avela ngoMashi-Ephreli, njengoba ukufudumala, ukukhula kwe-bell-buds, kufana nokuthi kugobeke phansi emhlabathini nge-peduncle egobile.

Ama-snowdrop emahlathini entwasahlobo

Iqhwa elimhlophe elivame kakhulu, elitholakala emahlathini nasezintabeni zeCentral Europe, enkabeni yeRussia, eCaucasus, eBosphorus. Isithwathwa esineqhwa sifakwe ku-Red Book njengesitshalo esisengozini; ukuvuna emahlathini kuyenqatshelwe ngenxa yokusatshiswa kokuncipha kwamanani.

Ama-Peduncle - amaqabunga amabili amnyama aqondile aluhlaza aze afike ku-10 cm.I-bud ivikelwe yi-bract of halves ezimbili. Emcibishweni ngamunye - imbali eyodwa enamaphilisi ayisithupha. Amacembe amathathu angaphakathi ahlukaniswa ngezihloko ezihlaza okotshani, ukwakheka kwesiqu, ezungeze - amacembe amathathu amakhulu. Le nhlanganisela inika isitshalo umusa wangempela.

Izimbali ze-Snowdrops ziyisitshalo sokwelapha, kepha lezi zimbali kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-alkaloids nezibazi, ezingadala ubuthi. Kumthamo omncane kuphela lapho isitshalo esingakhipha isitshalo singasetshenziswa kumalungiselelo ahlukahlukene.

Isithwathwa seqhwa sehlathi

Imbali yeqhwa: incazelo yezinhlobo

Imibala ye-snowdrops - kuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nezikhulayo.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-Alpine iqhwa leqhwa (uGalanthus alpinus, uGalanthus schaoricus). Ikhula phakathi kwezihlahlana nasezindaweni ezivulekile ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziphansi neziphakathi neCentral and Southern Europe, eCiscaucasia. Lokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu engadini yesimanje. Ama-blooms ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, abonakala ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namnyama;
• Iqhwa leqhwa laseCaucasian (Galanthus caucasicus). Ikhula ezintabeni zaseCentca Transcaucasia, emaphethelweni eTbilisi nakwisifunda iStavropol. Amaqabunga amhlophe qhwa ohlobo oluqondile olune-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubude obungama-30. Izimbali zihlala amasonto amabili ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli;
• I-Bortkevich snowdrop (Galanthus bortkewitschianus). Iqhakaza engxenyeni yokuqala yentwasahlobo emahlathini ama-beech, kuma-humus, emfuleni ongenhla weKamenka, eNyakatho neCaucasus. Ama-petals angama-lanceolate, ama-wedge noma ambovane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza obumnyama;
• Isithwathwa esineqhwa (Galanthus cilicicus = Galanthus rizehensis). Iqhakaza ekugcineni kobusika emaphethelweni, phakathi kwezihlahla ezansi nasezindaweni eziphansi kweKhilikhi, iTrabzon, iBatumi, e-Asia Minor. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama, amacembe amhlophe anendawo eluhlaza;
• iqhwa le-Elveza (Galanthus elwesii). Isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, eziqhingini zase-Aegean, e-Asia Minor, eMoldova, eningizimu ye-Ukraine. Inebizo lomqokeleli u-Elvez. Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ekuphakameni - zifinyelela ku-25 cm, usayizi wamaphalishi - mikhulu, ayindilinga futhi anephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Izimbali zihlala kuze kube ngamaviki ama-4; sekukonke, zingama-15 amafomu ezitshalo atshalwa ezingadini zaseYurophu;

Isithwathwa iqhuma engadini.

• isikebhe esigoqiwe seqhwa (Galanthus plicatus). Kutholakala emaphethelweni naphakathi kwezihlahlana zeRomania neMoldova, eCrimea, kuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izimbali zinkulu, zigobile phansi, zinephunga elinamandla. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1592, kunezindlela ezingaphezu kwe-10;
• ebanzi iqhwa leqhwa (Galanthus platyphyllus, Galanthus latifolius). Kusatshalaliswa endaweni engaphansi kwe-subalpine kanye ne-alpine zone, kuma-gorges nakwimithambeka ye-Caucasus Range. Isiqu sezimbali sifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-22 cm. Okuhlobisa kakhulu engadini;
• Icarius snowdrop (Galanthus ikariae). Ikhula eziqhingini ezingamaGrikhi - i-Skyros, i-Andros, ne-Ikaria, emahlathini nasemaphethelweni ezinhlabathi ezinamadwala namatshe. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungamasentimitha angama-21. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinebala eliluhlaza zehla ukuya kwengxenye yeqabunga;
• okumhlophe qhwa iqhwa (Galanthus nivalis). Kutholakala eCentral and Southern Europe, iCiscaucasia endaweni yesifunda se-alpine emaphethelweni nasezihlahleni. Izimbali kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi zingahlala izinsuku ezingama-30. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1500. Inani lezinhlobonhlobo namafomu lifinyelela ku-50. Izidumbu ezinamaqabunga ayi-12 zimhlophe futhi zikhulu, zinendawo ephuzi.

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo

Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zamaqhwa nezimbali ezithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi:

• I-Arnott - ehlukaniswa ngamaqabunga amafushane amakhulu we-perianth ngaphandle;
• Ama-Lutescens aphuzi kakhulu, athambile futhi azwela ezimeni;
• I-Charlock - ku-peduncle kukhona iphiko elide, izimbali ngokwazo zincane;
• ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile zohlobo lwe-terry: I-Lady Elpinston, i-Ophelia, Uhlobo lwePusi Green.

Izici zokunakekela amaqhwa engadini

Kuma-snowdrops, indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngu:

• ukuchelela. Inhlabathi kumele iswakanyiswe ukuze isigaxa sobumba ezimpandeni singoma, kepha ngasikhathi sinye galanthus ayithandi amanzi aqinile, kulokhu ibukeka njengama-tulips. Kungcono ukungayitshali ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho kuqongelwa khona amanzi, umhlaba ongenasikhathi sokuwuthatha;
• ukufafaza. Kwenziwa kuphela ngesimo sezulu esomile;
• umswakama. Kuyadingeka ukugcina uzinzile, kepha ungeqi ngokweqile, amanzi akufanele axege;
• inhlabathi. Inhlabathi kufanele ikhishwe kahle ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, ikhululwe. Uma ukwakheka kungubumba oluningi kakhulu, kufanelekile ukungeza into yesihlabathi kanye ne-organic;
• ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngenqubo yokukhula okusebenzayo, kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo wezitshalo ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-potash ne-phosphate. IPotassium inegalelo ekwakhekeni kwama bulbs nezimbali ezinhle. Izingxube zeNitrogen akufanele zithathwe, ngoba i-nitrogen iphindaphindeka inani lamaqabunga abola kusuka kumswakama.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwasebusika, isikhathi sokuphumula

Ubusika yisikhathi sokuphumula esibizwayo samabhuleki: kuma-hyacinths, ama-tulips, afakwa ngaphansi kwe-distillation ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Ama-snowdrops ajwayelekile, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Elves zinokusebenziseka kahle ku-distillation - zihlukaniswa izimbali ezinkulu. Amabhuleki ambiwa ngoJuni, atshalwe ezitsheni ezinomhlaba okhululekile egumbini elinamazinga okushisa afinyelela kuma-15 degrees kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Gcina ekwindla endaweni epholile. Ungakwazi ukumba ezimbizeni engadini, kepha gxilisa ngokungena kweqhwa.

Iqhuma nini futhi kanjani

Amaqhwa amhlophe qhwa aqhuma ngesikhathi sokushisa, kodwa ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esomile esomile.

Mayelana namaqhwa eqhwa singasho ukuthi:

• Izinhlobo zezimbali zisetshenziswa ngendlela ye-wedge, i-lancet, eyindilinga, i-oval, elliptical;
• amafomu - i-terry, bushelelezi, i-curly kanye namaqabunga;
• Izimbali - kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.

Izinguquko ekunakekelweni ngesikhathi sezimbali ziqukethe inani lomanyolo kuphela - isikhathi sokukhula esisebenzayo sidinga ukugqoka okuphezulu.

Ukusakazeka kwe-Bulb

Isithwathwa siyisitshalo esivamile esinamandla. Ukutshala ama-bulb kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi nango-Agasti, lapho kukhula ama-3-4. Lapho uthenga ama-bulbs, kufanele unake isimo sezimpande nosayizi wesitshalo sezimpande - kufanele sibe sikhulu, futhi izimpande akufanele zome kakhulu. Ngokufanelekile, isibani kufanele sibe nezingane ezisiza ukutshala izimbali ngisho nasemabhodweni. Izinto ezithengiwe kufanele zitshalwe ngokushesha noma zigcinwe endaweni enesihlabathi esimanzi.

Ukutshala imbewu

I-Snowdrop ifakwa ekuhlwayeleni imbewu nokusakazwa ngama-bulbs.

Faka imbewu yezithombo:

• ukwelashwa kwembewu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqwa, kungenjalo bazolahlekelwa ukuqhuma;
• Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngokukhishwa, ukudonsa kanye nokucebisa ngama-substrates;
• ukufika emhlabeni ovulekile kwenziwa ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cm;
• ukukhula kanye nokuphila kwesitshalo cishe ngezinsuku ezingama-20-30 emva kokuhluma kokuqala.

Amaqhwa wangempela eqhweni emahlathini akhula kusuka kuma-bulbs, kodwa imbewu nayo ingaphila emhlabathini omanzi futhi ithwelwe yizinambuzane.

Ama-snowdrops akhule kusuka kuzilimo eziyizigaxa

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezidleke

Ungahlukanisa futhi lesi sitshalo esinamandla kakhulu esidlekeni bese usitshala emhlabathini othunyisiwe. Isilinganiso esinjalo siyasebenza uma isibungu sikhula ngentshiseko nokukhula kwendodakazi. Emakethe ungathola ama-bulbs amasha anamandla wokukhula kahle.

Ehlobo, iqembu lezinhlamvu ezingama-7-9 liyakhiwa, elihlukaniswa futhi lishiywe ebusika ngesizini elandelayo.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ekukhuleni kweqhwa

Ngokuvamile, ama-snowdrops ayahlinzeka ngokwawo futhi alawula izinga lokutshala. Uma i-bulb ijule kakhulu, ikhula ama-bulbs angeziwe futhi iqhubeke nokukhula okujwayelekile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngeqhwa leqhwa:

• izifo. Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, iqhwa elineqhwa lingangenwa yigciwane noma ukhunta. Izimpawu: udayi, umthunzi ophuzi wamaqabunga, ukumpunga okumpunga okumpunga, amachashazi amnyama, amabala. Kakhulu abagulayo kumanzi futhi lapho kungekho qhwa ebusika. Ukwelashwa, udinga ukwelapha amahlumela ngama-fungicides;
• izinambuzane cishe azizithinti lezi zimbali, ngoba ezinsukwini zazo ezi-heyday cishe azikho izinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, izibungu kanye nezibungu kungathinta isimo sezinhlamvu; ukuvikela, kufanelekile ukudonsa inhlabathi;
• I-chlorosis ingaqala lapho kungekho zinto ezanele enhlabathini, ukudonswa kwamanzi kahle nokuntuleka kokugqoka okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukuvikela.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa zegadi ziyizitshalo “ezihlakaniphile” kakhulu: zona ngokwazo zilawula ukujula kokutshala, ngoba uma ukutshala kujule kakhulu, kwakheka isibani esisha lapho sekuvele ukujula okuphezulu, emva kwalokho ukukhula kwesitshalo okuvamile kuyaqhubeka. Ukunikeza ubuhle nokuhlonishwa yinzuzo yalesi sitshalo esithobekile, esisheshayo ukuphuma ngaphansi kweqhwa ngokuqala kwamathile okuqala.