Ama-dukes (ama-cherry-cherry hybrids): kuyini futhi kuchazwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-Duke Miracle cherry

Abaningi bathanda ama-cherries ngokunambitheka kwawo nephunga lakhe elingenakuqhathaniswa. Abanye bathanda ama-cherries, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimnyama ezinezithelo ezinkulu, eziminyene, ezimnandi. Kepha namuhla, i-dyuka - nzalo yama-cherries nama-cherries afunwa kakhulu. AbakwaDukes bazuze izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zabandulelayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zama-dykes kukhona izinhlobo ze-Miracle Cherry. Ukuze ukhule umuthi onempilo futhi uqoqe isivuno esikhulu sezithelo, kubalulekile ukwazi ngezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezimpawu zokutshala nokunakekela lesi sitshalo.

Incazelo nezimpawu zika-cherry

Ukuqonda izici zamadukhu, ake sibuyele emuva amakhulu amabili eminyaka. Igama elithi "duke" livela ku-hybrid wokuqala uMau Duck (elihunyushwe kusuka esiNgisini njengo "May Duke"), elitholwe ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye eNgilandi kusuka ekuvinjelweni kwama-cherries kwamahhala. Le hybrid yayinezimpawu ezingajwayelekile: izithelo zayo zivuthwe ekuseni kakhulu, zinkulu futhi zimnandi, njengama-cherries, futhi wazuza njengefa elimnandi le-cherries kuma-cherries.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igama elithi "duke" lisabalele kakhulu eRussia kunaseYurophu. E-Russia, isigaba sokuqala sombusi sitholwe yi-I-I. I-Michurin ngonyaka we-1888 ngesisekelo se-Central Russian ehlukahlukene yamakheli ama-Bel nama-cherries ama-Winkler amhlophe. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenye yezindlela zokuhlobisa kakhulu zobusika eziqinile neziqandayo zama-cherries nama-cherries, yingakho yabizwa ngokuthi iKrasa Severa. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhula kahle futhi zivame ukuthela izitshalo eziNtabeni zaseMoscow, esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, futhi nakwezinye izindawo zaseSiberia eNtshonalanga, kodwa izimbali zivame ukugqabhuka ngenxa yalokho.

O. Ivanova, umlimi wokuhlola ingadi, indawo yaseMoscow Iphephabhuku Lokulawulwa Kwasekhaya, Nombolo 12, Disemba 2017

I-Duke Miracle Cherry ingeyezinhlobonhlobo zesizukulwane sakamuva sama-dykes. Yatholakala ngokuwela iGriot of Ostheim neCherries Valery Chkalov. ISrednerosloy, enomqhele osakazayo - umuthi ubukeka njenge-cherry. Isici esibonakalayo sezinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala. Isikhathi sokuvula - kusuka ngoJuni 10 kuya ku-20, ngasikhathi sinye ngezinhlobo zokuqala zamakhherubi. Isikhuni sinezithelo eziningi kakhulu. Izithelo zokuqala ze-Miracle Cherry zinikeza ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala endaweni engapheli engadini. Umuthi ungena izithelo ngokugcwele lapho uneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala.

Izici zezithelo zeMangaliso Cherry:

• izithelo ezinkulu ezinesisindo esingu-9-10 g;
• obomvu obuhle obumnyama, cishe i-burgundy;
• uginindela wezithelo eziphakathi nendawo, ezinoshukela;
• ukunambitheka kuyinto dessert, emnandi nge okumnandi acidity ukukhanya, kukhona elimnandi cherry iphunga.

Igalari yezithombe: Isimangaliso Cherry entwasahlobo nasehlobo

Izinzuzo eziphambili ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zeMiracle Cherry:

• isivuno esikhulu, 12-16 kg wezithelo eziphuma esihlahleni esisodwa;
• ezinkulu-izithelo;
• ukuthwala okungaguquki;
• izinga eliphakeme lokubekezelela isomiso;
• ukumelana okwandayo kwezifo eziyingozi zokukhunta i-coccomycosis ne-moniliosis;
• ubusika obuqinile be-stem kanye ne-average hardiness yasebusika yama-buds wezithelo.

Okubi kwezinhlobonhlobo kufaka phakathi ukuzala. Izihlahla ziyaqhakaza kakhulu, kepha izithelo aziveli nhlobo noma zikhiqize isivuno esiphansi kakhulu. Le ndawo inezimpawu eziningi zezidaya futhi idinga ukuba khona kwezihlahla zokuvota endaweni leyo ukuze ivunyelwe.

Ividiyo: Duke - hybrid of cherries

Izici zokutshala kanye nama-dykes akhulayo

Ukuze ama-cherries akhule kahle futhi athele izithelo, kufanele anakekelwe ngokucophelela: entwasahlobo, kha umhluzi njalo, faka umanyolo, amanzi ekushiseni (ikakhulukazi emhlabathini onesihlabathi esikhanyayo), Hlanza ngokuphelele ukhula nemfucuza engadini ngaphansi kwezihlahla.

Izinsuku ze-Mirry Cherry

Njengoba ama-dykes eyi-cherry-cherry hybrids, futhi ama-cherries atshalwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ukumelana nesithwathwa kwama-dykes kuphansi kunalokho okwenziwe ngama-cherries ajwayelekile. Lokhu kukhawulela amandla okukhula ama-Wonder Cherries ezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Emgqumeni ophakathi nendawo, maphakathi no-Ephreli kubhekwa isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthola isikhulu. Lapho usongo lokufika kwentwasahlobo lwedlula, izithombo sezikulungele ukutshala. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo zezithelo ezingama-cherry kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwenhlabathi nasemoyeni ozungezile: izinga lokushisa kanye nama-degree ayishumi lokushisa komngcele, lapho izinqubo zezitshalo ziqala futhi ziphele. Lesi sitshalo singena esimweni esishisayo lapho izinga lokushisa lehlika ngaphansi kwamadigri ayishumi. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zitshalwa kangcono lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ngaphezulu kuka-15^ºC.

Ingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli yisikhathi esihle sokutshala nokudlulisa izitshalo zezithelo engadini. Futhi-ke, maye, kufushane: kusuka ekunciphiseni inhlabathi kuya ekuhluma. Zama ukungaphuthelwa kulezi zinsuku zegolide, ngoba ama-novosady entwasahlobo ahlala ezimpandeni ezingcono futhi athambekele ekucindezelekeni. Ukushisa komoya kanye nokushisa kwenhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi kunomthelela ekusindeni kwezitshalo

I-V.S. UZakotin, usosayensi, isazi sezolimo namahlathi, isifunda saseMoscow Izingadi zaseRussia Magazine, Ephreli 4, 2011

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kunconywa ukutshala izithombo entwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, noma ekwindla phakathi no-Okthoba, inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Ukulungiswa kwesiza

Ukukhethwa kwesiza kulungele kakhulu ukumila okutshala i-cherry, ngezindlela eziningi kunquma ukukhula kwezikhathi esizayo kwezihlahla kanye nokuthola isivuno esihle. Indawo yokutshala izihlahla kufanele ibe isicaba, ivuleke, ibe nokukhanya kwelanga okuhle usuku lonke. Uma kukhona imithambeka, khona-ke kufanele ibe mnene, ngethambeka elingadluli ku-5-8^º. Ukuba khona komthunzi kuthinta kabi ikhwalithi yezithelo, ukuqina kwezithelo nezinkomba zezivuno. Ekuphindaphindeni okuphakathi nendawo, kungakuhle ukutshala izithombo ze-dyke ezindaweni ezibonakala ngaseningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ukuba khona kocingo oluphakeme kanye nezakhiwo eziseduzane nendawo yokubeka umhlaba kudala uhlobo lwesithiyo ukuvikela izihlahla ezincane emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, indawo ekhula esihlahleni kufanele ibhekiswe entshonalanga, enyakatho-ntshonalanga noma enyakatho. Lokhu kuzovumela ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo ukugwema ukoma ngokweqile kwenhlabathi futhi kushise amaqabunga. Izindawo eziseLowerland, ikakhulukazi ezinamanzi nomoya omanzi omanzi, azifiseleki ngokukhula kweWonder Cherry. Izimo ezinjalo zilimaza izinkuni. Amanzi asezingeni eliphakeme komhlaba nawo aphikisana nawo - izinga labo lokulala akufanele lidlule i-1.5-2 m. Imvamisa, ngokuba nendawo eseduze kwamanzi angaphansi (ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka emhlabathini), ama-cherries atshalwa endundumeni ephansi engu-0.3-0.5 m.

Isakhiwo sokukhula ama-Wonder Cherries kufanele sibe isicaba, sigobe kahle, ngaphandle kwamathafa aphansi nemithambeka

Esimweni lapho izithombo zihlela ukutshala entwasahlobo, kunconywa ukulungiselela imigodi yokutshala ekwindla. Umgodi obembiwe ngosayizi ugcwaliswa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhishwe kanye nomanyolo wezimbiwa-eziphilayo bese kuthi kwesokunxele kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo weNitrogen ekwindla kufanele kugwenywe.

Ngokutshala kwekwindla, umgodi ulungiswa kusengaphambili kwenyanga. Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu yamadishi akhula yicucozems, brown and nenhlabathi yamahlathi, izinhlaka zokuthambisa nezihlabathi, ezifudumele kahle, ezinesakhiwo esingaqinile sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okwanele kanye nomoya emoyeni. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, ichotshoziwe, inesisindo, ukuyikhulula ngaphambi kokutshala, engeza isihlabathi, umquba, ubusi, udoti obolile. I-acidity yenhlabathi ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhula i-duke duke. Isikhombi sakhe kufanele singathathi hlangothi, ebangeni (pH) lika-6.5-7.0. Uma ngabe le nkomba iphakeme, ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi isuswa umdwebo ngokufakwa kogodo lwezinkuni noma kafulawa we-dolomite (i-ash ash engu-700-800 g / m^², ufulawa we-dolomite - 350-400 g / m^²).

Ukukhetha izithombo

Uma kungenazithombo zakho ezitshaliwe zokutshala, kungakuhle uzithenge enkulisa noma emapulazini akhula izithelo. Ngokutshala, umuntu kufanele akhethe izithombo zonyaka ezinamahlumela ambalwa, uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle nezinkuni ezivuthwe ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme ukuthengwa komdlalo wasendle noma izinto zokutshala ezingezinhle, kubalulekile ukuthenga kuphela izimpande zezitshalo nezithombo ezihlanganisiwe.

Igalari yezithombe: Ukukhetha izithombo nokutshala kwazo

Inqubo yokutshala ama-cherries

Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo phawula indawo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla zabantu abadala kufanele libe okungenani ama-3-4 m, naphakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla okungenani amamitha ayi-5. Uma umake isayithi, qhubeka nokulungiselela ukumba imigodi. Uma inhlabathi ivundile, ubukhulu bomgodi bungasukela ku-80x80 cm buye ku-90x90 cm, kuya ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande. Ukujula komgodi kuvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angama-40-50. Ubukhulu bomgodi wokufika banconywa ukuthi bukhuliswe ngo-50% uma inhlabathi ingavundile noma isindayo.

Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo kufanele ngokufanele zigcinwe emanzini ngamakhambi okwakhiwa kwezimpande (Kornevin, Zircon). Ungenza isixazululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate noma i-potassium humate ukuqothula ama-bacterium we-pathogenic noma ukhunta. Lokhu kwelashwa ngaphambi kokutshala izimpande kwenziwa uma izithombo zinesistimu yezimpande ebuthaka noma eyonakele (ikakhulukazi uma izithombo zinesistimu yezimpande evulekile).

Inqubo yokufika ngesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:

1. Njengoba unikezwe ubude nobukhulu bezimpande zezithombo, lungiselela umgodi wosayizi ofanele. Ingqimba yenhlabathi ephezulu, evundile kakhulu (ukuphakama cishe okungama-20-30 cm), lapho ugaya, shiya onqenqemeni lomgodi.
2. Hlanganisa ngokulinganayo umanyolo we-organic namaminerali ekwakhiweni: Amabhakede ama-2 womquba obunjiwe noma womquba, 1 kg yomlotha wezinkuni, 100 g we-superphosphate elula (noma i-60 g yokuphindwe kabili), i-80 g ye-potassium sulfate (noma 40 g we-potassium chloride) ngomthombo ngamunye.
3. Khulula phansi komgodi ube ngu-8-10 cm bese uthambisa inhlabathi ngebhakede eli-1 lamanzi okushisa egumbi.
4. Ngemuva kwekutsi emanti amunwe, beka umugca we-mineral-organic subtingate kanye nemhlabatsi kusuka emgodzi lochitjelwe elucebeni lwe-ridge nge-layter umgodi. Gcwalisa umgodi kungabi ngaphezu kuka 2/3. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlanganisa ngokuphelele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi futhi uhlangane kancane.
5. Shayela ukusekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo kwesithombo ngokuqinile enkabeni yomgodi - isigxobo esinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-5-7, ubude obuyi-130-150 cm. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Cishe ukuxhaswa, uthele indunduma encane yokutshala inhlanganisela yenhlabathi.
6. Izithombo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala zidinga ukunciphisa zonke izimpande eziphukile, ezibolile nezinobumba.
7. Engxube elungiselelwe umquba omusha ngobumba oluyimpuphu, gxilisa izimpande zesithombo esilungiselelwe. Ubuningi bengxube bufana ne-ukhilimu omuncu omuncu.
8. Ngaphesheya komgodi ukubeka isitimela. Sika isithombo ngokuchasene nokusekelwa ukuze intamo yezimpande (indawo lapho isiqu singena ezimpandeni) isezingeni noma ngaphezulu kwendawo yomhlabathi ngo-6-8 cm.
9. Sakaza ngobumnene bese usabalalisa izimpande zesithombo ezansi kwesiqhubu phansi.
10. Kancane kancane gcwalisa izimpande ngomhlabathi osele kusuka endaweni yokulahla, uyihlanganise ngezikhathi ezithile.
11. Lapho izimpande zimbozwe inhlabathi cishe ngo-15 cm, kuyadingeka ukunisela lesi sihlahla kakhulu bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba kuze kufike phezulu.
12. Mulch inhlabathi ezungeze yisithombo nge-compost noma nge-humus ngesendlalelo esingaba ngu-10 cm.
13. Nge-braid ethambile, ubopha ngokucophelela isihlahla esitshalisiwe ukusekelwa "eziyisishiyagalombili".

Ividiyo: inqubo yokutshala ama-cherries

Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele likhunjulwe: cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-dykes azenzeli zona futhi azenzi impova zodwa, ngakho-ke zidinga abasempoliseni. Uma kungenzeka, isihlahla esisodwa noma ezimbili zokupholisa impova kufanele zitshalwe eduzane nama-dykes ayi-cherry amaningi. I-Cherry ne-Cherry zifanelekile njengaba pollinators. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izikhathi zezimbali zama-dyukes azivami ukuhlangana nazo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zezihlahla zokupholisiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Cherry kufanele kube sekwephuzile, futhi Cherry kufanele kube kusenesikhathi. Uma ingekho indawo yokutshala ama-pollinators esizeni, ungatshala amahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo zama-cherries nama-cherries emqheleni wombusi.

Ama-pollinators amahle kakhulu we-Miracle Cherry yi-Molodezhnaya, iLyubskaya kanye neBulatnikovskaya cherries, Iput, Cherry Donets, Yaroslavna cherries. Musa ukusebenzisa cherries Krupnoplodnaya noValery Chkalov njengabavumbi.

Ukunisela nokondla ama-dykes

Ukuchelela izihlahla kungenye yezimo ezibalulekile zamasu afanele ezolimo okulinywayo. UCherry uphendula ngokunisela ngokukhulisa umkhiqizo nokukhulisa izithelo. Izikhulu, njengazo zonke izilimo zezithelo, aziniselwanga ngaphansi kwempande, ukuze singadaluli uhlelo lwezimpande futhi zivuse izifo zezihlahla. Okokunisela, imigodi emibili enobukhulu obungaba ngu-15-20 cm yakhiwa ngokuya ngokuqagela komqhele: owokuqala usebangeni elingama-50 cm ukusuka esiqwini, olandelayo futhi usebangeni elingama-50 cm ukusuka kowokuqala. Ngokubona ukuthi ama-dykes ayizitshalo ezikwazi ukubekezelela isomiso, akakwazi ukubekezelela okungcono kunokugcwalisa amanzi. Njengomphumela womswakama owedlulele, inhlabathi engaphansi kwama-cherries ihlanganiswe, okuholela ekuphulweni kwe-aeration yayo yemvelo. Ngaphansi kwesimo semvula ejwayelekile entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izihlahla zabantu abadala zidinga ukuthambisa izikhathi ezine ngesikhathi sokukhula:

• ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali (ngasikhathi sinye ngokugqoka okuphezulu);
• lapho ugcwalisa izithelo (cishe izinsuku eziyi-15 - 20 ngaphambi kokuba zivuthwe);
• ukuthambisa umswakama (ubusika) ukuchelela ngo-Okthoba ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.

Ngesikhathi sokunisela, kusuka kumabhakede amathathu kuya kwayi-6 amanzi angeniswa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye ukuze ungqimba lwenhlabathi lugcwale kahle - amasentimitha angama-40. Izithombo ezincane zedeskes ziniselwa kabili ngeviki ngezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-15-18 emva kokutshala, bese ziqhubeka nokunisela kanye ngesonto. Amabhakede amabili amanzi anele ngesithombo esisodwa. Ngemuva kokumunca ngokuphelele amanzi, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwe-cherry ifakwe umquba, utshani obomile noma i-peat. Izihlahla kufanele ziniselwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Ngokungeziwe kumalching, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile zombuthano wesiqu, kanye nokususa ukhula njalo. Ezihlahleni ezincane, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ngesonto.

Ngokuya ngosayizi wesihlahla, kwakhiwa imisele eyodwa noma amabili ngokusho komqhele wokunisela. Ngenye indlela, izimbobo ezincane zokunisela zingenziwa embuthanweni wesiqu.

Ividiyo: Ukunakekelwa kwe-cherry

Inqobo nje uma umgodi wokufika ugcwalisiwe ugcwele umanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali, izinduna azikwazi ukuvundiswa eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu elandelayo. Izihlahla ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala akufanele zigcotshwe ngomanyolo (ikakhulukazi ama-organics), ngoba lokhu kungadala ukukhula ngokweqile kwethonya kulimaze izithelo. Lapho usebenzisa ukufaka izimpande, ukukhulula inhlabathi ngaphansi kwama-cherries kuyadingeka ukuze izimpande zibe nokujwayelekile okujwayelekile bese umanyolo usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ungqimba lomhlabathi.

Ithebula: ukondla i-cherry duke ngamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic

Ukugoqa nokubopha umqhele we-Miracle Cherry

I-Duke Miracle Cherry iyi-hybrid yama-cherries nama-cherries, ngakho-ke yazuza njengezimpawu zazo: isihlahla sathola ukukhula okuphakathi kwama-cherries, kanye nendawo yamagatsha kusuka kuma-cherries. Ama-flower buds atholakala, njenge-cherry - ikakhulukazi emagatsheni esixhaxhu kanye namahlumela waminyaka yonke. Uma induna ingakhiwa ngendlela efanele, khona-ke umqhele wayo uzoba nomumo omncane wephiramidi onamagatsha akhuphukele phezulu, ngokungafani nomqhele oyindilinga owugqoke kakhulu we-cherry. Amahlumela aqondiswe kahle ezihlahleni zezithelo athinta kabi inqubo yokuqhakaza izithelo, anciphise isivuno sezilimo bese enza kube nzima ukuqoqwa kwezithelo. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kusetshenziswa izihlahla zamagatsha amakhulu nezimpande ezijabulisayo.

Inhloso eyinhloko yokuthena ama-cherries ukwakheka kwesiqu esiqinile namagatsha wamathambo, ukuvuselelwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamahlumela okuguga, ukwelula ubungako bezithelo nesikhathi sawo esisebenzayo, ukulawula ukukhula, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo. Ukugawulwa kwama-dykes kwenziwa ngokuya ngeminyaka yomuthi: ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqalwa kwezihlahla kuqala - ukwakheka okufanele komqhele, ngemuva kokuthi i-cherry ingene esikhathini sokuqina kwezithelo - ukulawula ukukhula kwesihlahla nokuthela.

Kwa-Wonder Cherry, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuthena ziyadingeka:

1. Okuhlelekile. Ngosizo lwayo, kwenziwa umqhele wohlobo oluthile nosayizi, kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha anamahloni nokuthakazelisa. Kusetshenziselwa izithombo ezincane ezisezinhlelweni zokukhula okuqinile, futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuzala. Ama-dykes aze afike eminyakeni emihlanu, okuthenwa okwenziwa minyaka yonke, ngemuva - uma kunesidingo. Ngalesi zihlahla, isisekelo somqhele wamagatsha wamathambo sibekwa, lapho amahlumela akhula ngokuphumelelayo akhula. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusikwa okulawulwayo kuyenziwa. Umgomo wayo ukwenza buthaka ukukhula kwesihlahla futhi ukusheshise ukwenziwa izithelo.
2. Ezokulawula (ezisekelayo). Ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze usayizi womqhele futhi ugcine izinga elihle kakhulu lokukhanya kwalo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, isilinganiso esifanelekile sakhiwa phakathi kwezimila ezisebenzayo kanye nezithelo ze cherries. Lapho ubude bamahlumela bufika ku-30 ​​cm, izihlahla ezilawulwayo ukudala ukulingana phakathi kwenani lamagatsha ezitshalo nezithelo.
3. Ukulwa nokuguga. Lolu hlobo lokuthena lusiza ukukhula kwezithombo ezintsha ezigcwele kakhulu kubazukulu abadala kuneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lamagatsha anamaqabunga ezimbali liyakhuphuka, elivumela ukwandisa ubudala besihlahla futhi lisize ukukhulisa umkhiqizo we-cherry.
4. Ukuthena kabusha kuyenziwa lapho isihlahla sonakaliswa yizimo ezingezinhle (ukugula, izinambuzane, isithwathwa) noma kungekho ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kuthamba kusiza isitshalo ukuthi sibuyele ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nokwenza izithelo.

Ukwakha umqhele ophumelelayo wama-cherries, susa wonke amahlumela ngaphansi kwamagatsha wamathambo, uchele amahlumela wamagatsha aphansi, uqinise umqhele namagatsha akhula

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwenza izihlahla zezindebe ezincane ezisencane:

1. Umqhele wesihlahla wakhiwa ngohlelo lwe-sparse-tier.
2. Izithombo ezingama-cherry ezinonyaka owodwa zigawulwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. Amahlumela akamuva afushanisa kuze kube ngama-3-4 efihlekile atholakala kakhulu. Umdubuli ophakathi (umqhubi) kufanele abe ngu-10-15 cm ngaphezu kwephuzu lokukhula amahlumela asohlangothini olungaphezulu. Uma isithombo sinezimbali ezikulungele ukuvula, kufanele zisuswe. Shunqisa onke amahlumela phansi isiqu nge-2/3 yobude.
3. Ngonyaka wesibili entwasahlobo, konke ukukhula konyaka kufanele kunciphiselwe kuhlumela lwangaphandle ukuvikela ukukhula kwabo kuya phezulu.
4. Ngentwasahlobo yonyaka wesithathu, kwakhiwa amagatsha angama-6-16 esakhiweni samagatsha abencishisiwe ngaphambili. Banqunywa phakathi, bashiya ukukhula okungu-50-60 cm ngonyaka odlule. Amahlumela ancintisanayo aseceleni afushanisa ama-buds amathathu. Amagatsha akhula ngokuthe nkqo phakathi komqhele anqunywa ngokuphelele ukuze angathisi umqhele.

Ividiyo: Isikhulu sokuthena okwakhayo

Ukuthena kwe-Cherry kwenziwa kokubili ebusika nasehlobo. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusika ama-dykes kubhekwa ukuphela kobusika nasekuthwasa kwentwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa elikhona kufanele okungenani libe ngu-8-10^ºC. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukutshala izigaxa kufiphaza kakhulu izithombo ezincane. Ama-cherries abantu abadala nawo angathenwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungatholakala ngokunciphisa ingxenye engenhla yomqhele egatsheni eliseceleni. Lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngemuva kokungenela izihlahla izithelo. Ukuthenwa kwangaphambilini kungaqhakambisa ukukhula kombuso. Ukunciphisa umqhele kwenziwa ehlobo, ukuhlanganisa nokuvuna.

Ukuze izithombo ezincane, okukhona namanje kungabikho ukuqina umqhele, izihlahla kungenziwa kungenye esikhundleni deflection amagatsha. Kulokhu, amahlumela aqinile, akhule kahle angabambi iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamagatsha wamathambo, kepha angasetshenziswa njengezithelo, aphambuka kusuka mpo ngo-45-60^º. Ukuchezuka okunjalo kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ukukhula komuthi futhi unikele ukukhula kwegatsha ngamahlumela athela izithelo. Okusebenzayo kakhulu ekwandiseni i-fruiting ukwenqatshelwa kwamagatsha wamathambo we-oda lokuqala kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuye kwemine. Lapho amagatsha enqatshwa, ukuqondile kwawo kufanele kugcinwe. Isikhathi esifanelekile sale nqubo ngoMeyi-Juni.

Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanekisela amagatsha: ziboshelwe esiqwini noma egatsheni elingaphansi (Fig. 1,2,3), esikhonkwaneni emhlabathini (umdwebo 4) noma ikhebula elilulwe ngezansi (Fig. 5), futhi afaka i-spacer phakathi kwegatsha nesiqu sesihlahla

Igobolondo lezihlahla ebusika

Ama-Cherry-dyukov abonakala ngokuqina kobusika obuhle besiqu kanye nokuqina okuqinile kobusika kwezithelo efihlekile. Ngakho-ke, imicimbi ekhethekile yokulungisa izihlahla zesikhathi sasebusika ayenziwa.

Izihlahla ezincane ze-nzalo zivame ukunika ukukhula okuqinile (80-120 cm) ngonyaka. Ingxenye yabo engenhla (i-30-40 cm) kaningi ayivuthi, iqine ebusika, futhi entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuyikhipha. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho banikeza izeluleko zokucindezela iziqongo ehlobo lapho zifinyelela cm 60-80. Lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwamahlumela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Umqhele uba mkhulu, amahlumela ehlobo (ikakhulukazi uma ihlobo selomile futhi lishisa) abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kahle, ukuqina nobusika ngaphandle komonakalo obandayo weqhwa. Ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa lomoya, umqhele we-Miracle Cherry ungamelana neqhwa lasebusika liye ku-30^ºC. Ama-thaws esikhathini sasehlobo sasebusika, alandelwa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-25, ayingozi kakhulu kuye^ºC. Lokhu kubangela ukuqandeka kwezimbali zezimbali futhi kuholele ekunciphiseni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukushoda okuphelele kwesivuno.

Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kobusika, ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuyadingeka ukugoba ingxenye engenhla yezithombo ezingakabi lignified nge-arc ohlangothini lokukhanya okungcono futhi uvikeleke ngamawele. Lo msebenzi uzosiza ukuvuthwa okufika ngesikhathi kokukhula konyaka kanye nokuqhakaza kwe-apical, okuzobe kukhulisa ubusika besihlahla, ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zesitshalo zizosheshisa futhi nosayizi womqhele uzokwehla.

G.M. Utochkin, ilungu eligcwele laseMoscow Institute of Applied Mathematics, Chelyabinsk Izingadi zaseRussia Magazine, Cha. 1, Mashi-Ephreli 2010

Lapho ulungiselela udayi obusika, imisebenzi eminingana kufanele yenziwe engadini:

1. Isikhala esingaphansi kwezihlahla sisulwa ukhula, izithelo namahlamvu alimele. Inhlabathi kufanele ibunjiwe ingaxhunyaniswa nomanyolo.
2. Uma kunesidingo (uma ekwindla sekomile), ukunisela okushaja amanzi kuyenziwa - 50-60 l (amabhakede ama-5-6) amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyathukululwa futhi ifakwe umquba nge-compost noma i-peat ifike ku-10 cm ubukhulu.
3. Iziqu zomuthi kufanele zenziwe mhlophe nge-whitewash engadini noma ngengxube yelayisi elitshekile nge-mullein. Ukuphakama kwe-whitewash kufanele kufinyelele phakathi kwamagatsha wamathambo.
4. Isitembu sezinduna asimelani nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke asigodli eqandeni. Isiqu namagatsha aphansi avikela ekulimaleni ngamagundane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiqu sisongelwe ngobunono ngesibuko esihle. Kuzithombo ezincane, i-mesh noma i-agromaterial ingalimala phakathi kwenetha nesiqu.

Ukuqothuka kwe-Autumn kwesiqu sesiqu se-cherry-duke kusiza ekugwemeni iqhwa ngesikhathi sobusika obungazelelwe futhi kuvimbele izibungu ezinambuzane ebusika

Izifo Zezifo Nezinambuzane

Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zama-cherries nama-cherries, ama-dykes amelana nezifo eziyinhloko, eziyingozi kakhulu zokukhunta, kanye nokunqotshwa kwezinambuzane eziningi ezinambuzane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zama-dykes ezilwa nokukhunta kungenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo zokuxazulula inkinga. Njengamanje, izinhlobo zesimanje zalesi siko ziyaziwa ezinokumelana ngokweqile kokutheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esibi (ihlobo elibandayo lemvula, ubusika obuneziqhwa ezinzima kakhulu), ukunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ezingasifanele isifunda, ezimweni ezingavamile ama-dykes angahlaselwa yizifo fungal. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela lezi zifo.

Izifo ze-Fungal Miracle Cherries

Izinhlobo zezinduna zilwa kakhulu nezifo eziyingozi ze-cherry njenge-moniliosis ne coc cocycosis. Ngesinye isikhathi, izihlahla zingathinteka yi-claustosporiosis (hole blotch), cytosporosis, ne-anthracnose. Kepha lokhu kwehlukile kunokubusa, futhi ngokunakekela izihlahla okuhle nobuchwepheshe bezolimo obunobuchule, lezi zifo zingagwenywa. Kodwa-ke, kukhona usongo lwangempela lwezinye izifo ezingathinteka Wonder Cherry.

Ithebula: Izifo ze-Miracle cherry, izimpawu zazo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo

Igalari yezithombe: Izifo zokukhunta zeCherry Duke

Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuvimbela izifo zesikhunta ze-cherry-duke ekhonjiswe etafuleni, kukhona ukwelashwa kwendabuko kwezihlahla zezithelo kusuka ezifweni ngokufafaza ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza ngesixazululo 2% sengxube yeBordeaux noma i-sulfate yethusi.

Wonder Cherry Izinambuzane

Ezikhungweni eziningi ezithinta izihlahla zezithelo, iDuke Miracle Cherry ingatholwa kuphela i-cherry mucous sawfly, i-cherry fly ne-aphid.

Ithebula: Izinambuzane nezilawuli zeCherry Duke

Igalari yezithombe: Ukulimala kweCherry okwenziwa yizinambuzane

Izindlela zokuvikela ngokumelene ne-cherry fly yilezi: ukugaya inhlabathi emibuthanweni eseduze-stem engu-15-20 cm ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, ukuvuna okugcwele. Ukufafaza nganoma yisiphi isilokazana esivumelekile kuyimpoqo: okokuqala - ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 emva kokundiza, okwesibili - ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 kamuva.

T. Alexandrova, umlimi wezithelo, isazi sezolimo namahlathi Iphephabhuku Lokulawulwa Kwasekhaya, Cha 2, Februwari 2010

Ividiyo: Ukucutshungulwa kweCherry Fly Miracle Cherry

Enye yezindlela zokulwa ne-aphid ukulwa nezintuthwane. Basakaza ama-aphid kumahlumela amasha, abaxazulule lapho futhi bondle embhedeni - amathe e-aphid amnandi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokususa izintuthwane engadini. Ungathela amanzi abilayo e-anthill noma uwafafaze ngesinambuzane Esingaziwa ngokuphelele. Umphumela omuhle uyatholakala ngokufaka amabhande wokuzingela ancamathelayo esiqwini se-cherry. Ekhuphuka ngesinqe, izintuthwane ziwela endaweni enamathelayo bese zilahlekelwa amandla okuhamba. Kepha ngaphezu kokulimala okuvezwa yile ntuthwane lapho kusakazeka ama-aphid, kuletha izinzuzo ezithile, ngokuba yimiyalo engadini. Ukuze ungaphazamisi ibhalansi yemvelo, ungazama ukumane uhambise isengezo ngaphandle kwesiza.

Ividiyo: ama-aphid ezemvelo

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zindlela zokulawula ama-aphid bezinganele noma amakoloni ayo amaningi kakhulu, thatha izinyathelo ezinqala - ukufafaza ngemithi yokuhlaselana insecticidal. Lokhu kufaka izindlela zokuxhumana (zaso leso) isenzo, isenzo samathumbu nezidakamizwa ezihlelekile. Ama-insecticides e-systemic abhekwa njengosebenza kakhulu, anesikhathi eside (kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwengxenye ezimbili, ngoba angena ngaphakathi kwezicubu zezitshalo kancane kancane), kanye nokumelana nokuwucisha.

Awungeke usebenzise lezi zimali ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwama Cherry (lokhu kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane ezihlasela impova) futhi ngaphambi kwenyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa.

Iphephe kakhulu ifaka ama-insecticides emvelo - Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio, Actarin. Isenzo sabo sinenhloso futhi sithinta izinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ukufafaza ngalezi zidakamizwa kusetshenziswa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kwayo, kanye nangesikhathi sokufakwa kwezithelo.

Ividiyo: ukucubungula amakhemikhali cherries kusuka ku-aphid

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kakhulu kwama-dykes, ngokubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ezingasasebenziyo, kunconyelwa ukwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngokufafaza izihlahla ngesisombululo se-7% se-urea (urea) - 700 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi afudumele. Ukufafaza kwesibili kwenziwa esiteji esithi "green cone" (ukuqala kokuhluma kwezinso).

Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ekushiseni komoya okuhle - okungenani ama-degree ayi-10.

Ukuqoqwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesivuno se-Miracle Cherry

Izinhlobo ze-Miracle Cherry zingezokuvuthwa kokuqala, izithelo ziyavuthwa eminyakeni eyishumi kaJuni. Isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo siphakeme impela, izithelo ezi-12-15 kg ezihlwabusayo, ezinoshukela, zivunwa emthini owodwa. Njengama-dykes amaningi, i-Wonder Cherry iyinhlobonhlobo yendawo yonke futhi inesifiso sokusetshenziswa okusha nokucutshungulwa. Izithelo zingaphansi kokuqandeka okusheshayo, ijusi esezingeni eliphakeme, ukulondolozwa, ujamu, amawayini notshwala kwenziwa kubo. Okunye okudingekayo yimikhiqizo yabalimi embonini ye-confectionery.

Igalari Yezithombe: Usebenzisa ama-Wonder Cherries Ekuphekeni

Kwizitshalo zezithelo, kunama degree amabili wokuvuthwa - okususwayo nomthengi:

• ekuvuthweni okususwayo, ukukhula kwezithelo kanye nokuqongelela kwezinto eziphilayo kuqediwe, zibafanele ukuthutha, ukucubungula ngobuchwepheshe noma ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, kepha kuze kube manje azikazitholi izimfanelo zokunambitha ezinobuntu ngokuphelele ezinhlobonhlobo;
• ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kwenzeka lapho izithelo zithola isimilo sombala wezinhlobonhlobo, iphunga nokunambitheka okungcono kakhulu;

Kuma-cherries, ukuvuthwa okususwayo kanye nomthengi kuyahlangana.

Ngokuhamba okuthe xaxa, izithelo ze-cherry zivunwa ngezinsuku ezingama-4-5, ukuze kusetshenzwe ngobuchwepheshe - ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele, futhi zithengiswe lapho lapho - esimweni sokuvuthwa kwabathengi.

Ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokushesha, izithelo zisuswa ekuvuthweni okugcwele, kokukheniwe - 3 ... izinsuku eziyi-5, zokuhamba - 5 ... izinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele. Ama-Cherry angagcinwa izinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela ngosuku lokuqoqwa emazingeni okushisa ka -0.5 ... 0ºС kanye nomswakama ohlobene wama-90%. Ama-cherries aqandisiwe agcinwa kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-9 kuye kwezingu-12. Ukuze kukhiqizwe izithelo ezomisiwe, kukhethwa izinhlobo ezinokuqukethwe okwomile okuphezulu kuzithelo.

Yu.V. UTrunov, udokotela S.-kh. isayensi, uprofesa Izithelo ezikhula ngo-2012

Abamele abaphambili bezinhlobonhlobo ze-duke duke

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ze-Miracle Cherry, umndeni wezikhulu eziphakeme umelwe izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kunalokho. Zinezimpawu eziningi ezijwayelekile, njengokuqina kobusika obukhulu, izici zokunambitheka ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo, ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu futhi kube nokukhiqiza okuhle. Umehluko ukuthi kwezinye izikhulu ngezikhathi zobusika obubanda amakhaza kuphela angalimala, kanti kwezinye - nawo amahlumela afiphazayo nacasulayo. Izinga elihlukile lokumelana nesithwathwa linciphisa izifunda zokutshala lesi sitshalo: ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ama-dykes awavuthwa futhi awatheli kahle izithelo.

Ithebula: izici zezinhlobo eziphambili ze-duke duke

Ividiyo: isethulo yezinhlobonhlobo zedrive duke

Ama-pollinator amahle kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zedrive duke:

1. Umhlengikazi kaDuke - Umhlangano wamaCherries, ePodbelskaya; izinhlobonhlobo zamakherubi Krupnoplodnaya, uValery Chkalov.
2. UDyuk Ivanovna - Cherries Shalunya, Podbelskaya; izinhlobo zam Cherry Ezinkulu-izithelo, Franz Joseph.
3. UDuke Nadezhda - Ama-Cherries aseKent, Amnyama Amakhulu, iLada; izinhlobonhlobo cherries Valery Chkalov, Enkulu-izithelo.
4. UDuke Griot Melitopol - cherries Ukulinda, Ukuhlangana, Podbelskaya kanye namakheli izinhlobo Vinka and Valery Chkalov.
5. I-Duke Toy - ama-cherx ama-minx, uSamsonka kanye nama-Valery Chkalov, uKrupnoplodnaya, uFranz Joseph.

Ukubuyekezwa

Ngeke ngikhulume ngezinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia manje, kodwa e-Ukraine zinhle kakhulu: Ukuhlangana, Ithoyizi, I-Miracle Cherry, Favorite. UCherries Alpha, iDonetsk giant, u-Erdie Botherme nabanye. Ngale ndlela, iPodbelskaya nayo inesigcawu - uGriot Podbelsky. Duke futhi kufanele ihlume, ikhiqize kakhudlwana futhi ibe nezithelo ezinkulu - ngoba iyi-hybrid yama-cherries enama-cherries.

UStanislav N., eKiev//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=25

Ngigonyelwe ama-cherries (i-Iput, i-Fatezh) ku-cherry kaVladimir esihlahleni - umuthi "ushisiwe", kepha abakwazanga ukugula. Kepha konke bekufanele kususwe. Kukhona nesihlahla seMirry Cherry Duke, kepha ukunambitheka kuyinto ephakathi, akukho bumuncu be-cherry futhi abumnandi futhi bunamafutha njengama-cherries ... I-Youth Cherry inawo ukunambitheka okufanayo (njengokungathi futhi kuxutshwe ne-sweet cherry).

I-Boris 12, eMoscow//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=37

Izinyosi zithuthe impova le-cherry emangalisayo, ngeke kube nezinkinga zokuvundiswa eDonetsk, cishe wonke umuntu unama-cherries amnandi engadini. Eminyakeni eyivelakancane, ngenxa yesimo sezulu, izinyosi zingayeka ukundiza, kanti-ke muhle kakhulu uma uhlobo lwe-pollinator lukhula eduzane. Eduze - kungamamitha ayi-10, ukusondela, okungcono. Ukuze ungcoliswe, ukutshala izihlahla akuxhomeki ohlangothini lomhlaba, kubaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuthi umoya uzobe uvunguza usuka kuphi.

UCherry, e-Ukraine//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-1752-p-2.html

Toococycosis izinhlobo ngamazinga ahlukene okumelana kuqediwe. Kepha lokhu akubalulekile kakhulu, uma kuphela inhlobonhlobo eyodwa yokulwa ne-moniliosis eyisipho. Ngingukuphela kwesikhulu esikhulayo - Isimangaliso Cherry, isihlahla esincane, izimbali zokuqala kwaba. Ngonyaka ophelile, ngokumelene nesizinda esinegciwane lesifo esithathelwanayo (amamitha ayi-15 kude, wonke ama-cherry abomvu asebusweni be-moniliosis) awazange agule, anikeza amajikijolo ambalwa. UJulia oseduze naye wayengaguli. Ngicabanga ukuthi ikusasa lezikhulu ...

U-Evgeny Polyanin, Kamyshin, Isifunda saseVolgograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=37

Wonder Cherry - isinqumo esihle! Izimbali ezingama-Wonder cherry ziqhakaza kanye nama-cherries okuqala, okuwumpova kahle, kepha kukhona okuhlukile - ngokwesibonelo, uValery Chkalov. Isimangaliso seCherry uqobo asikwazi ukumunca umuntu impova; Omakhelwane abatshali ama-cherries, yena ngokwakhe ngabe wayethole impova:? Kubavoti, nakhu isicaphuna esivela kumbhali wezinhlobonhlobo: "Abavoti abahamba phambili yizinhlobonhlobo ze-Cherry Donetsk ugolok, Donchanka, Yaroslavna, Homestead, Dadewethu, Annushka nabanye. Ngaphandle kwalokhu uValery Chkalov, uDrogan ophuzi, uKrupnoplodnaya, uFarewell noValeria (uL. Taranenko, 2004). "

I-Ptichka, e-Ukraine//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-1752-p-2.html

Ngokwazi ubuhle nobubi bama-dyukas, izici zezinhlobonhlobo nezimpawu zokunakekela lesi sitshalo, akunzima ukukhetha isilwane sakho esifanele engadini yakho. Into esemqoka ukuthi izihlahla ezinempilo zinikeza injabulo entwasahlobo - iphunga lezimbali, ehlobo - izithelo zikanokusho. Ngisho nomlimi ongacheme kangako angakhulisa isimangaliso esimnandi nesihle kangaka enkundleni yakhe yomhlaba.