A utamatisi yisithelo isitshalo utamatisi emndenini Solanaceae. Lesi sitshalo singaba minyaka yonke noma siphelile, sikhule ezindaweni zombili ezisenyakatho naseningizimu. Utamatisi akhuliswa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ensimini, emabhaleni ngisho nasefasiteleni. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zika utamatisi, njengoba utamatisi zivame kakhulu futhi zisetshenziselwa izimboni zokugcoba, izimonyo nemithi.
Umlando omncane
Izwe laseTamatisi elibizwa ngokuthi iNingizimu Melika. Kukhona okwamanje ukuhlangabezana nezinhlobo zasendle nezimila zesitshalo. Ngekhulu le-16, utamatisi wethulwa eSpain, ePortugal, e-Italy, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Uyazi? Igama lezotamatisi livela ku-pomo d'oro yase-Italy (ekuhunyushweni - "i-apula yegolide"). Ema-aztec, lezi zithelo zazibizwa ngokuthi "iziqu", kuyilapho amaFulents athi kabusha leli gama njenge-tomate - i-tomato.
EYurophu, utamatisi uyadalwa njengesitshalo esiyingqayizivele. Isitsha sokuqala se-culinary sisebenzisa utamatisi okwakushiwo ekuphekeni kweSpanishi.
Eminye imithombo ithi izwe lakubo lamatamatisi Peru, Noma kunjalo, leli qiniso alisaziwa ngenxa yolwazi olulahlekile. Kukhona nencazelo mayelana nemvelaphi yamatamatisi (kokubili isitshalo ngokwawo kanye negama) elivela eMexico, lapho isitshalo sakhula khona futhi izithelo zawo zingaphansi kwamatamatisi anamuhla esiwaziyo. Kamuva, ngekhulu le-16, utamatisi eMexico waqala ukutshala.
Ekhulwini le-XVIII, utamatisi ulethwa eRussia (ngeTurkey naseRomania). Ngokokuqala ngqá wafakazela ukuthi isitshalo esinjengotamatisi singadliwa, ngu-agronomist A.T. Bolotov. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, utamatisi wawubhekwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngezithelo ezinobuthi. Ukutshala isiko lemifino kakade sekuvele eCrimea. Phakathi kwamagama kwakunjengokuthi "isitshalo seqanda esibomvu", "uthando lwe-apple", ngisho noma "i-wolfberry".
Ehlobo lika-1780, uMpress Catherine II wazama okokuqala ukuthi yihlobo luni lezithelo utamatisi. Baba utamatisi, bevela eRoma njengesithelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindaweni ezikude zombuso, lesi sithelo sasivele sisaziwa isikhathi eside, sakhula eningizimu yeRussia, e-Astrakhan, eGeorgia naseTavrida, futhi sidliwa njengemifino. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRussia, "i-apula yothando" yayikhiqizwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi uphuthukisa ukugaya nokugaya umzimba. I-Phytoncides equkethwe kuwo ibonisa umphumela wokulwa namatamatisi.
Utamatisi: ingabe imifino noma izithelo?
Utamatisi isitshalo esasakazeka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, emazweni ahlukene kanye namasiko ayevame ukubuza imibuzo imifino, izithelo noma iberry kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izithelo zawo zingamatamatisi.
Kungani utamatisi kubhekwa njengesibili?
Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi utamatisi uyimithi noma imifino.
I-berry iyisithelo sesitshalo se-herbaceous noma esihlahleni, enenyama enomzimba kanye nembewu ngaphakathi. Utamatisi uhlangana ngokugcwele nale ncazelo, ngokuba yisithelo sesitshalo esine-herbaceous esinesikhumba esincane, i-pulp enomuthi kanye nenani elikhulu lembewu ngaphakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana namajikijolo anjalo njenge-yoshta, dogwood, ama-blueberries, ama-viburnum, ama-cornplants, i-barberry, ama-blueberry, ama-chokeberry amnyama, i-juniper, umjunipha, isikhulu, i-cloudberry ne-blackberry.Izithelo ze-Berry zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- I-Berry (ifaka utamatisi, i-ayisikhilibhele, i-blubhejri, i-currant, i-ugqumugqumu)
- Apple (lezi yi-apula, amapheya, i-mountain ash)
- Amapomeranethi (izithelo ze-citrus - orange, mandarin)
- Granatina (lena isithelo segromegranate)
- Ithanga (lolu hlobo lubandakanya ikhava, ikhabe, zucchini, ithanga)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo ahlukaniswe abe yiqiniso futhi angamanga. Isici esihlukile salesi berry kusukela endaweni yokubuka ibhodlela kukhona khona imbewu ngaphakathi kwe-pericarp. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi utamatisi uhambisana nalesi sici. Ngakho-ke, ungaphendula ngokuqinisekile umbuzo ukuthi i-tomato iyimithi.Uyazi? Amajikijolo okujwayele ekuqondeni kwethu, isibonelo, ama-strawberries noma ama-strawberries, ama-berries amanga, ngoba imbewu ayingaphandle. Futhi ama-raspberries, ama-blackberries awawona amajikijolo nhlobo ebhodini, izithelo zawo ziyizilimi eziningi.
Utamatisi - Imifino
I-systematics yezobuchwepheshe ichaza ukuthi ngokuvumelana nendlela yokulima, efana neminye imifino, utamatisi imifino. Lesi yisitshalo sonyaka, kanti isivuno sotamatisi sivunwa ngenxa yokucubungula nokukhulula inhlabathi, okuthatha isikhathi esifushane.
Imifino enjenge izaqathe, ukhukhamba, i-garlic, anyanisi, i-pepper, iklabishi, i-okra, i-zucchini, i-squash ne-lagenaria ziphakathi kwemithombo yamavithamini.Kusukela endaweni yokucubungula, izithelo zotamatisi nazo zibizwa ngokuthi imifino ngendlela yokucubungula nokudla. Ngokuvamile, zihlangene nezinhlanzi nenyama, futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuzimela ekudleni, izitsha zokuqala nezesibili, futhi hhayi ku-dessert.
Konke lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ushayele utamatisi nje imifino.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo zika utamatisi zingabizwa ngokuthi yi-anti-depressant yemvelo. Utamatisi uqukethe imizwa yokuthuthukisa gI-hormone yenjabulo yi-serotonin, kanye ne-tyramine, ephenduka ibe yi-serotonin kakade emzimbeni.
Kungani utamatisi ubizwa ngokuthi izithelo
Ngenxa yesimo, umbala, ujusi we-utamatisi, kuphakama imibuzo noma isithelo noma imifino.
Incazelo ye "izithelo" ichaza njengengxenye enzima noma elula yesitshalo ngesimo sesithelo sembewu. Izithelo zakhiwe ngenxa yokuvuna imbali ephuma esibelethweni. Imifino iyisimiso se-herbaceous noma isimpande esivame kakhulu sesitshalo. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi zonke izithelo zezitshalo ngezinhlamvu zingabizwa ngokuthi izithelo, yingakho utamatisi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi izithelo.
Kukhona nencazelo yesayense, ngokusho ukuthi isithelo yiyiphi ingxenye edlalayo yesitshalo esinembewu, evela e-ovary yembali. Nokho, ekuphekeni, utamatisi asetshenziswa njengemifino. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuthola ukuthi ngubani utamatisi oyimifino noma cha.
Uyazi? Utamatisi aqukethe i-lycopene - into ephuza ukuguga kwamangqamuzana omzimba, ukuyivikela emathonyeni amabi. I-Lycopene ayibhubhiswanga ukwelashwa okushisa.
Ukufingqa: berry, imifino noma izithelo?
Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bebengakwazi ukuthola indlela yokubiza utamatisi: ingabe iberry, isithelo noma imifino? Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kungavumelani ukuthi kunezindlela zesayensi nezokucwaninga ekuchazeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithelo nezingxenye zesitshalo. Ngokuphathelene ne-botany, Utamatisi uyinhlobo, utamatisi izithelo, eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuvota imbali. Ekuphekeni, futhi empilweni yansuku zonke, utamatisi ubizwa ngokuthi imifino, okusho ngesikhathi esifanayo ukupheka izitsha eziyisisekelo nokudla okuvela kuwo. Ngokusho indlela yokutshala, isitshalo se-tomato sibhekwa ngokuthi izitshalo zemifino.
NgesiNgisi, akukho umahluko phakathi kwemicabango ye "izithelo" nesithelo ". Ngakho-ke, kwakukholelwa ukuthi Utamatisi isithelo. Nokho, ngo-1893, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States yanquma ukuthi A utamatisi imifino. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyimisebenzi yamasiko, esebenza kuphela kwimifino, kodwa izithelo zingathathwa mahhala. Ngo-2001, kwaphakama umbuzo ofanayo eYurophu, futhi manje utamatisi wawubhekwa njengengemifino, kodwa futhi njengesithelo.
Uhlelo lwethu lwamasiko kanye namasiko angasinikezi izinkinga zokunquma ukuthi utamatisi ungowomuthi, izithelo noma amajikijolo. Ngakho-ke, eqondiswa imiqondo yesayensi nezamasiko nolwazi mayelana utamatisi nezithelo zalo, kuphephile ukusho lokho Utamatisi uyinhlobo, esetshenziswa njengemifino.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamatamatisi ekudleni, kanye nasezimbonini zezimonyo, ngisho nangokwelashwa, ngenxa yobuningi bokuqukethwe kwangaphakathi. Utamatisi uqukethe:
- Amanzi angu-94%
- 4% i-carbohydrate
- 1% amaprotheni
- fiber
- amafutha
- amavithamini A, C, K, B-B1, E, PP, njll.
- ama-acids e-organic.
Utamatisi ungenye yamasiko athandwa kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Isizathu salokhu kuba khona kwezithelo zawo - utamatisi, ukunambitheka okumangalisayo, ukudla okunomsoco, izakhiwo zokudla kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlobisa.
