Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izithelo ezihlwabusayo izithelo zamabelebhisi ezinikezwayo, kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuzinakekela kudinga amakhono akhethekile. Sizoqeda le nthano, ngoba umameralasi ungakhula ngempumelelo ezweni lethu, futhi akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngakho.
Izimo ezidingekayo ze-mulberries ezikhulayo
Ukutshala i-mulberry kanye nokuyikhathalela ngokulula kulula kangangokuba abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "umuthi wabavilapha." Noma ubani angakukhulela endaweni yakubo, futhi ngaphandle kokwenza umzamo omkhulu kulokhu. Ezemvelo kuyinhlonipho kakhulu. Ngisho namameriyamu, ukulima nokunakekelwa okwenzeka emgwaqeni ophakathi, kuzokhiqiza isivuno esincane kodwa esizinzile minyaka yonke.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zasempumalanga zithatha umuthi wamameriyamu umuthi ongcwele. Itafula lafakwa ngaphansi kwalo, futhi wonke umndeni wachitha isikhathi nayo. Futhi ihlelwe ngaphansi kombhede wamabhilidi. Izihlahla ze-kamalibhele izintelezi zindabuko zendabuko yabesifazane baseMpumalanga.
Ukukhanyisa
I-mulberryberry yezitshalo kufanele ibe ezindaweni ezinokukhanyisa okuhle, lapho imimoya yasenyakatho neyempumalanga ingaqhubeki. Uma kunesidingo, ungakha ukuzivikela okungalungile ngokumelene nabo.
Ukushisa
Umuthi ukhula masinyane, umelana nesomiso futhi awuhlupheki nakubantu obuqine kakhulu. Ingakwazi ukumelana nokubandayo ku--30 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, amahlumela aminyaka yonke afriziwe avuselelwa ngokushesha.
Umhlaba
I-kamalibhele ingatshalwa inhlabathi engama-90%. Kodwa-ke, kuyothela izithelo ezinhle kuphela emhlabathini ovundile ocebile izakhi nemithi. Akunqatshelwe ukutshala lezi zihlahla emanzini futhi zichithe iziqhingi eziphansi. Inketho efanele kunazo zonke ingaba inhlabathi ene-drainage enhle kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokugcina umswakama. Uma utshala izihlahla ze-mulberry, zicabange ukuthi zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele lishiye kufike ku-6 m.
Uyazi? I-kamalibhele ibizwa ngokuthi "indlovukazi yamajikijolo", futhi umuthi uqobo ubulokhu uhlonishwa ngokuthi "umuthi wokuphila". Ngokwezinkolelo, umuthi wamabharibhele unikwe amabutho axosha imimoya emibi. I-kamaliyamu nayo ibonisa umsebenzi onzima nokuhlonipha abazali.
Indlela yokutshala ama-amberberry?
Ama-mulberries akhula, njenganoma imuphi omunye umuthi, uqala ngokutshala, okungcono kakhulu okwenziwe phakathi kwentwasahlobo, okungukuthi ngo-Ephreli, kuze kuqale ukugeleza kwe-sap. Ukhetho lwesibili luphakathi kwekwindla ngaphambi kwenkathi yemvula.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi bezitshalo ezinhle batusa ukutshala ama-mulberries ekwindla. Ngoba isitshalo esasinda ebusika esencane siyohlala isikhathi eside.Ukuze ukhethe indawo efanele yokutshala isihlahla, kubalulekile ukucabangela okuthandayo. Umuthi we-mulberry, njengoba ubizwa ngokuthi i-mulberry, awuyithandi umswakama owedlulele, ngakho-ke, ukutshala nokunakekela okunye kumele kuqale ngencazelo yendawo efanelekayo. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akumele angadluli amamitha ayisithupha nengxenye.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla zemvelo ngokwemvelo azikwazi ukuthela izithelo. Kodwa ukuthola isithombo sembewu yakho kuyokwenzeka kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ukuze sigweme izigameko ezinjalo, sincoma ukuthenga izithombo ezivele zithela izithelo okungenani kanye.Ukutshala umgodi kudinga ukulungiselela amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla. Ubukhulu bayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ohlelweni lwezimpande. Umuthi kufanele ubekwe emgodini ongapheli-ekupheleni, ngokukhululekile. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomgodi - cishe 50cm ³.
Uma inhlabathi lapho isitshalo itshalwe khona ingenamsoco ezakhiweni, umgodi kufanele wenziwe kabanzi futhi ujule ukuze kufike ku-7 kg we-compost ehlanganiswe nama-gram angu-100 we-superphosphate angabekwa phansi. Khona-ke umquba uhlanganiswa ngqimba lomhlabathi. Ubuningi bawo kufanele bube njengokuthi izimpande zesitshalo azixhumani namanyolo.
Emasontweni amabili kamuva, ungakwazi ukutshala amameriyamu. Izimpande zaso zidinga ukuqondisa nokuzibamba, ukuthungatha umgqomo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ususe ama-voids okwedlulele emhlabathini. Uma izimpande kanye nomgodi zigcwala ngokuphelele, inhlabathi kumele ihlanganiswe, futhi imbewu kufanele iphuze ngamanzi angu-20. Lapho amanzi egcwele ngokugcwele, udinga ukufaka isikhwama somuthi wesihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sihlahla singalinywa ngokwanele, ngaphambi kokutshala kuyadingeka ukushayela ukusekelwa phansi kwegodi. Izosebenza njengomnikazi we-sapling. Isihlahla kumele siboshwe kuso. Uma kukhethwa inhlabathi yobumba ekutshaleni amameriyamu, kuyadingeka ukuthi udwebe izitini eziphukile ukuze ugeleke phansi emgodini.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukutshala ama-mulberries kwenziwa kabili ngonyaka: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukufika phakathi nalezi zikhathi cishe kufana. Kodwa ngokuvamile ekwindla bamba umsele wokutshala, ubeke izakhi kuwo futhi ushiye kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Kodwa ngo-Ephreli, qedela ukufika.
Ukunakekelwa komuthi
Uma umuthi utshalwe, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani unakekela umamberry. Into eyinhloko ukufeza amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi uma amaqabunga ekhula. Kubalulekile futhi ukondla isitshalo.
Ukunciphisa imithetho
Njenganoma imuphi omunye umuthi, umrabhali udinga ukusika izihlahla. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuthula. I-mulberry yamapulangwe engenabuhlungu iyenzeka entwasahlobo. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho amaqabunga engakaqhakaza, izinhlobo ezimbili zokusika izihlahla zenziwa: ukuhleleka nokuvuselela. I-third - sanitary - izihlahla zenziwe ngekwindla, lapho zonke amaqabunga seziwile kakade. Kodwa ukushisa kwomoya akufanele kube ngezansi -10 ° C. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabelebhisi zidinga ukunqunywa ngokuhlukile. Ku-mulberryberry yokulila, njengombuso, umqhele unqanyuliwe futhi amahlumela namagatsha anciphiselwe.
Kubalulekile! Ungakhathazeki uma ukuqoqa kunamandla kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-mulberry kakhulu lubuyela emuva evamile.In shtambovannoy mulberry ibumba umqhele. Isiqu eside, esingenalutho sishiywe, futhi phezulu kukhona i-cap thick-like-cap noma i-cascade yamagatsha. Kunzima kakhulu ukwakha umuthi wamabelebhisi wokuhlobisa. Isiqu somuthi omncane sisuswa emagatsheni kuya ezingeni elifinyelela ku-1.5 m kusuka emhlabathini. Unganika umqhele ukuba ukhule ngokwemvelo. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa umuthi omncane, uthathe i-apical shoot at a ukuphakama cishe ngo-1.5 m bese udala amasipha amagatsha ayishumi. Khona-ke uzodinga kuphela ukugcina isimo somqhele, ukusika amahlumela angadingekile. Amagatsha angenayo akudingeki ayithinte, amane nje akwanele ukuze athole.
Uma kufika isikhathi sokulungisa umberry wamabhakabhaka, ukusika izihlahla kuhlanzekile. Phakathi nale nqubo, wonke amagatsha, abagulayo, abafile futhi abuthaka kakhulu namahlumela aqedwa. Izihlahla ezihlanzekile ngokuvamile azidingeki minyaka yonke.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukuze i-mulberry ibhubhise kancane futhi ingabi namandla phezu kwezinambuzane, umbuthano wesihlahla somuthi uphathwa ngama-fungicides nezinambuzane ngezinhloso zokuvimbela. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kanti ama-buds akakavuswa, futhi ngo-Okthoba, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokutshala. Ukwelashwa okuhle kwezifo nezinambuzane kuyi-Nitrafen.
Entwasahlobo, kungcono ukucubungula izinkuni bese ufaka amaphesenti angu-7 urea emhlabathini. Kuzobhubhisa zonke izifo nezifo ezinambuzane ezilele emhlabathini nasemagqabheni omunyuli. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sizokhulelwa nge-nitrogen fertilizer, okuyinto imbizabhali edingekayo kule nkathi.
Ukuze i-mulberry ibambe iqhaza kuma-frosts amakhulu, idinga ukuphuziswa kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube phakathi kwehlobo, kuphela lapho isimo sezulu somile. Ngemuva kokunisela kumele kume. Uma intwasahlobo igcwele imvula, akudingeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuthi wamabelebhisi udinga ukondliwa. Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, umquba we-nitrogen kufanele wengezwe enhlabathini, kanti ehlobo - nge-potash ne-phosphate.
Indlela yokulungiselela umberry wamakhaza ebusika?
I-amberberry ilungiselelwe ubusika maphakathi nekwindla, iguqa amagatsha emhlabathini. Le nqubo ngeke ibangele ubunzima, ngoba umamberari omusha uguquguquke kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba i-mulberry ibhula ngokwanele, kungcono ukubeka amagatsha emasipha ngokuzayo esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukugoba kuphela amagatsha amancane.
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukumboza isiqu kanye namagatsha amakhulu ahlanganisa izinto ezigciniwe eziningana. Kuxhomeke ekuqandeni kwamaqhwa ebusika. Khona-ke udinga ukuwuphonsa ezitebhisini, usakaze ubuthi ngaphansi kwawo amacici ebusika, okungalimaza kakhulu umuthi. Ukuze uvimbele umoya ekuqothuleni ukukhishwa, kufanele udonsele phansi ngento enzima, isibonelo, ngamapayipi, amabhodi noma izitini. Kubalulekile ukususa indawo yokukhosela kumameriyali ngo-May lapho amaqhwa ehlobo lasebusuku ephela.
Uma ungacabangi ukuguqa emagatsheni amancane nokuphathwa ngokugqoka okuvikelayo, ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla sikamberry kanye nokulungiselela ukubusika akufani ne-agrotechnics evamile yama-apula.
Uyazi? Kunomlando owodwa omuhle mayelana nokuqala komkhiqizo wesilika ohlotshaniswa nomuthi wamabelebhisi. U-Princess Si Ling Shi wayephumule ngaphansi kwesihlahla esikhulu sosilika lapho i-cocoon ewela indebe yakhe yetiyi. Esikhathini sokuphuza eshisayo, wabiza izintambo ezikhanyayo ngezimodemu. Ngakho i-China ithole esinye sezimfihlo eziyinhloko: isibungu esincane esingavamile esiphila kumameriyamu ngumthombo wendwangu ebalulekile lapho kungenzeka khona ukuba wenze amakhanda ayigugu kakhulu.
Ukuvuna nini futhi kanjani?
I-mulberry ibanika izithelo zokuqala kakade ngonyaka wesithathu. Amajikijolo kuphela amancane. Ziba zikhulu emva kweminye iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha. Kodwa kungase kuphuthumise le nqubo. Entwasahlobo udinga ukutshala umuthi we-uterine. Ukuvuna ama-mulberries kuyinjabulo enkulu, ngoba ngeke kudingeke ukhuphuke esihlahleni. Lapho amajikijolo avuthwa, awela phansi ngokwawo. Emhlabathini, ngaphansi komuthi, udinga kuphela ukubeka indwangu ebanzi, isibonelo, spunbond. Ama-mulberries anomsoco futhi anomsoco, angafinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Konke kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene.
Ukukhiqiza i-kamalibhele
Umuthi wamameriyamu uphindaphinda kokubili ngenzalo nangemifino.
Imbewu
Ukuphindaphinda kwembewu yamabelebhali kuyindlela elula yezo zonke izinhlobo zalesi sihlahla. Udinga nje ukuthatha ama-berries ambalwa wezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe, ufake isitsha bese ufake ilanga ukuzulazula. Khona-ke emanzini udinga ukuphinde uphinde uhlume futhi uphe amanzi ngamagobolondo angenalutho. Bese uphinde ugcwalise ngamanzi uphinde udlule i-strainer nge-mesh emihle. Bese usula futhi ugeze. Phinda kuze kube yilapho imbewu ehlanzekile kuphela ehlala ngaphandle kwe-pulp.
Ngemuva kokuthi kufanele kube omisiwe kahle futhi bafakwe esikhwameni sephepha bese begcinwa endaweni eyomile kuze kube sekuqaleni konyaka ka-spring. Izinsuku ezingu-45 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ehlwanyelwe kufanele ifakwe eshalofini ngaphansi kwefriji yokucwiliswa noma igcinwe emanzini izinsuku ezintathu. Kudingekile ukuba imbewu yembewu yamabelebhu ibe ngaphansi kwe-1 cm endaweni elula kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuphuza i-amameriyamu esizayo, kodwa hhayi ukusikhukhula.
Kufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo esincane asilimazi ama-frosts entwasahlobo. Amahlumela okuqala adinga ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni ngqo emisebeni ye-UV. Ukuhlwanyela okuncane kufanele kube mncane emkhakheni weqabunga lesihlanu. Ababi basala emhlabathini ukuze bakhule baze babe neminyaka emibili. Izimpawu zomama wesitshalo ngesikhathi sokuzaliswa yizinhlamvu azidluliswanga. Izithombo ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ama-varietal amameriyamu.
Uyazi? Ukuvela kwephepha e-China nakho kwafaka isandla kumbhalibhele. Kuyinto yakhe eyinhloko, ekhona ngaphansi kwegxolo, isetshenziselwa ukwakha iphepha.
Cuttings
Kanjani okunye ukuzaliswa kwamabelebhisi? Indlela engcono yokuzalanisa ehlobo ukusika. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, i-cuttings eneziqu ezimbili noma ezintathu ziyakwehliswa emthonjeni onempilo walonyaka. Amaqabunga aphansi kufanele asuswe, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, shiya uhhafu wamapuleti ukuze ukukhula kukhule futhi kukhule.
Udinga ukutshala ama-cuttings endaweni yokushisa, ungenza ube ngcono, ngaphansi kwefilimu eguquguqukayo kuya ku-3 cm ejulile. Kunezimo lapho izicuttings zithatha kahle. Bazodinga ukuchelela okulinganiselayo, ukuhamba ngokuphindaphindiwe ekamelweni nokufaka umquba ngamaminerali omanyolo. Ukuthi isiqu sinqotshwa kungacaciswa ngenyanga, lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha. Lezi zithombo ziyiwona muthi womama.
Inoculation
I-kamalibhele ihlanganiswa cishe cishe zonke izindlela eziyaziwayo. Okulula futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuphumelele ukukopisha. I-amberberry ingatshalwa endlini endlini ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lezo zinqunyiwe ezahlanganiswa ngaphambi kokugeleza kosawoti zithathwe ngokushesha.
Ukuqoqa okulula kumelela ukucutshungulwa okufanayo kwe-graft kanye ne-rootstock ukuze izingqimba ze-cambial zihlangane ngokucacile ngokucacile. Izingxenye zenziwa phakathi kwezinso. Lapho ukusikeka kuhambelana, ukuhlangana kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile nge-plastic bandage.
Kubalulekile! Ungavumeli ukukhipha. Kulesi simo, amathuba okunciphisa ayancipha kakhulu.Ukukopishwa okuthuthukisiwe ngolimi kuhluke nesicelo esilula se-serifs efana, lapho ujoyina. Lokhu kunikeza isibopho esiqinile esinamasondo phakathi kwezicubu. Kudingekile ukubuyisela ingxenye yesithathu yobude bokusika kusukela ekupheleni kokusika kwesitoko. Ku-graft, ukukhwabaniswa kwenziwa phezulu futhi kwenziwa kuze kube yingxenye yesinqamulelo se-oblique. Ngenxa yalokho, "izilimi" ezikhethekile zakhiwa kuzo zombili izicucu, ngosizo lwazo ezihlangene kakhulu nomunye nomunye.
Ukubeka
Njengoba i-otvodka isebenzisa igatsha elingaphansi. Uguqa phansi futhi uhlale phezu kwenhlabathi, bese ufafazwa umhlaba. Ukuze i-rooting ibe khona kangcono, igatsha kumele liphulwe emhlathini noma ukukhishwa kwamagxolo kususiwe. Ngalolu lwazi, ukwakheka kwezimpande kuvuselelwe. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe entwasahlobo, futhi izimpande zokuwa zizovela ezinqabeni.
Uyazi? I-mulberry yamadala kunazo zonke e-Ukraine yiyona ekhula ensimini yeGenerational National Botanical ebizwa ngeGrishko. Uneminyaka engaba ngu-500. Ngokomlando, watshalwa amakholi abahamba ngezinyawo ezivela e-Central Asia. Baphinde bacabange ukuthi yilo muthi obhekwa njengomama wazo zonke izihlahla zomunyuzi wase-Ukraine. U-Kobzar ngokwakhe wenza imidwebo eminingana yalesi sihlahla.Khumbula ukuthi ukutshala izihlahla zamabelebhisi amaningana, uzohlinzeka isizukulwane sonke samajikijolo. Emva kwakho konke, i-mulberry, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, ingaphila amakhulu eminyaka.
