I-eggplant ingeyomndeni we-solanaceous (njengamatamatisi). Kepha isiko lifuneka kakhulu ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube muva nje, kwakhula kuphela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yendawo ephakathi neRussia, futhi kwakuyizinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ezakwazi ukuvuthwa ehlobo nje elifushane. Ngokuqala kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingabizi kakhulu zeziza ezizimele, ama-isitshalo sawo amaqanda aqandwe ngempumelelo esifundeni esiKhulu aze afike enyakatho, nasendaweni evulekile nayo. Ukukhula nokunakekela isitshalo seqanda emhlabathini ovulekile sekube lula, okusho ukuthi ngisho nesiqalo singakuzama!
Kungani kuwusizo ukukhulisa isitshalo seqanda
Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke esinohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande olutholakala ikakhulu phezulu kungqimba yenhlabathi ephezulu. Esomeni, izimpande ezinkulu zingashona ekujuleni okukhulu lapho zifuna umswakama. Isiqu siyindilinga, sisonti onsomi, sinonqenqemeni, siqine, asilokothi silale emhlabathini kuze kube yiqhwa. Izimbali azishintshi noma zingamaqoqo ezingcezu ezi-3-7, ezizisebenzelayo zokuzithutha, ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho sezikhulile ngaphakathi ezindlini, lapho kungenazinambuzane ezivundayo. Amacembe anamandla, ngesimo sesikebhe noma ayindilinga, ngomphetho wombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi.
Isitshalo seqanda - isitshalo sonyaka esineziqu ezinamandla
Isimo sezithelo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene sehlukile: singama-cylindrical, ayindilinga, ngesimo sebhanana noma esenziwe ngoparele. Umbala ukhombisa ukuvuthwa. Izithelo ezisencane zingububende obukhanyayo, bese ziphenduka zibe nsomi, bese kuthi lapho sekuvuthwa imbewu ikhanye ibe nsundu-ophuzi noma luhlaza okotshani. Yidla izithelo ezimpunga ngembewu engavuthiwe.
Ngombala onsomi wesithelo, isitshalo seqanda sathola igama elidumile "oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka." Noma namuhla kukhona nzalo ngezithelo ezimhlophe.
Izici eziwusizo ze-isitshalo seqanda
I-Eggplant ingumnikazi werekhodi phakathi kwawo wonke amasiko wokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum. Le nto isiza ukuvimba kanye nokwelapha ukuvuvukala okuhlangene.
Isitshalo seqanda iqukethe:
- ascorbic acid, noma uvithamini C. Akukhiqizwa umzimba, futhi umuntu kufanele akwamukele nsuku zonke ngokudla. Ngaphandle kwayo, i-scurvy iyaqala, ukungatheleleki kuyancipha;
- iqoqo lamavithamini we-B, eliqinisekisa imetabolism evamile, bayabandakanyeka ku-hematopoiesis kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa;
- i-Vitamin PP (i-nicotinic acid) iqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi;
- Vitamin A (retinol) - uvithamini wokubuka okuhle;
- I-Vitamin E - i-antioxidant enamandla, ibambezela inqubo yokuguga, ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana alimazayo;
- IVithamini K iyadingeka ekuhlanganiseni kwamaprotheni ukuze kubuyiswe futhi kuvuseleleke izicubu zomzimba;
- ama-macronutrients: i-manganese, i-zinc, i-calcium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, iodine, i-fluorine, ithusi;
- i-fiberplant ye-eggplant, njengokunye ukudla kwezitshalo, ivuselela umsebenzi wepheshana emathunjini, imunce futhi isuse ubuthi nezinto eziyingozi, yehlise i-cholesterol.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo seqanda sisiza ukususa amanzi ngokweqile emzimbeni, sinciphise ukuvuvukala nesisindo ngokweqile, senze lula ukusebenza kwezinso, futhi sigcine ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
Isitshalo seqanda iqukethe izinto ezibalulekile, amavithamini, izakhi zomzimba
Izinhlobo
Ezimweni ezipholile zaseRussia, ukukhetha kunikezwa ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-isitshalo seqanda. Encazelweni kufanele unake iphuzu elibalulekile - isikhathi "kusuka kuzithombo kuya ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe." Ezinhlotsheni zakuqala, yizinsuku ezingama-85-100.
I-Negus
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, kusuka ekutshaleni izithombo kuya ekuvuthweni, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50-55. Izithelo zifinyelela ku-200 g, ngesimo somgqomo, ezincishisiwe esiqwini futhi zinwebeka ngezansi, onsomi. Isihlahla mude singama-50-60 cm, siqine, asidingi i-garter. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nokuwafaka. Inokunambitheka okumnandi, igcinwe kahle futhi iyabekezelela izinto zokuhamba, futhi lokhu kuyindawo eyivelakancane yezinhlobo zokuqala. Hhayi i-hybrid, ungavuna imbewu.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kweNegus kuvumela imbewu ukuthi ivuthwe ngokuphelele.
I-Eggplant Negus iyavuthwa izinsuku ezingama-50-55 emva kokufakelwa
Ukukholwa
Isitshalo sokuqala sinikeza ezinsukwini ezingama-95-110 emva kokuhluma. Kusuka ku-1 m2 Ungaqoqa cishe ama-10 kg wezithelo. Isitshalo seqanda ngumbala onsomi okhanyayo esimweni sethanga, unesikhwanyana omncane nokunambitheka okuhle, onesisindo esingama-200 g. Isihlahla sikhula kakhulu ekuphakameni (kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1) kunobubanzi. Emkhakheni ovulekile kuzinza ekuvuneni, kuqinile, kumelana nezilokazane nezifo.
I-Eggplant Vera nasensimini evulekile inikeza ukuvuna okuhle
Dwarf kusenesikhathi
Isilimo sokuqala kufanelekile ngosuku lwe-85 emva kokuhluma, imbewu yavuthwa ngosuku lwe-120-130. Izithelo eziningi eziphakathi nendawo (kuya ku-200 g). Lokhu okuhle kwetafula lokunambitheka okuhle.
Icacisa igama layo - incane, ihlumela kuze kufike ku-45 cm ukuphakama.
Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid
Ezinhlotsheni ezingenhla, ungashiya imbewu ukuze uzitshale ngonyaka olandelayo, ngokungafani nzalo ekhonjwe emaphaketheni ngesibonakaliso se-F1. Zitholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili. Uma uqoqa imbewu yezitshalo ezinjalo futhi uzitshale, uzokhula ngesitshalo seqanda ngezimpawu zomunye wabazali ".
Imbewu ye-hybrid idinga ukuthengwa minyaka yonke, kepha imvamisa iyabekwa isizathu: isivuno sama-ama-eggplant angaba ngu-50% ngaphezulu, ahlala isikhathi eside futhi aqine.
Ithembisa inzalo yokuqala yendawo evulekile:
- Bourgeois F1. Kuyaphawuleka ngezithelo ezinkulu ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-500 g. Zivutha ngosuku lwama-105 ngemuva kokuhluma, zizungezwe ngesimo, inenyama emnene futhi ngaphandle kokubabayo. Izithelo kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele, eqine, emelana nezimo ezingezinhle, izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Yakha isihlahla esinamandla;
I-Eggplant Bourgeois F1 inezithelo ezicijile
- Inkosi yeNyakatho F1. Ibanga elifanele izifunda ezibandayo. Inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokubekezelela amaqandeni amancane ngaphandle kokulimala kwesitshalo, okuyi-uncharacteristic ngokuphelele yamaqanda. I-Hybrid inezithelo, ungaqoqa cishe ama-14 kg wezithelo kusuka ku-1 m2. Zilungele kahle izifunda ezifudumele. Isihlahla asidingi i-garter, ephansi, ifinyelela ku-45-50 cm. Izithelo zikhulu, zinde, ngesimo sebhanana, ngaphandle komunyu. Ukuhluma kwembewu kucishe kube yi-100%. Okubi ukuthi izithelo ezinde esihlahleni esiphansi zivame ukuthinta umhlabathi. Lokhu kuyinto engathandeki - emaphethelweni umbala wokushintsha kwesibeletho nokuwohloka kungaqala. Ngakho-ke, kungadingeka udoti ongaphansi kwesihlahla sendwangu noma mulch.
Izithelo ze-Kingplant King zaseNyakatho F1 zinde, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi azithinti umhlabathi
Ukuvunwa kwembewu
Imbewu yama-eggplant incane, isicaba, imhlophe engavuthiwe, evuthiwe grey. Zingagcinwa esitsheni esivalekile endaweni eyomile ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhluma. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, imbewu kudingeka yomiswe kahle.
Izigaba zokuthengwa kwempahla:
- Izithelo zembewu ziyasuswa lapho ziqala ukuba nsundu, bese kuba mpunga.
- Ama-eggplant agcinwa kuze kuthambe.
- Sika ingxenye engezansi, lapho inqwaba yembewu yezinye izinhlobo igxiliswa khona. Kwezinye izinhlobo, zingasatshalaliswa kuyo yonke ingane.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, imbewu yesitshalo seqanda isatshalaliswa kuso sonke isithelo noma igxilisiwe engxenyeni engezansi
- I-pulp ifakwa emanzini ngesandla noma igcotshwe ngesihlungu.
Isipuni seqanda esinembewu sibekwa emanzini
- Imbewu evuthiwe enempilo ihlala phansi.
- Amanzi akhanywa ngaphezulu emaphethelweni, imbewu ishiywe ezansi, iqoqwe futhi yomiswe obala.
Imbewu yama-eggplant emiswe kahle ingagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ngisho nezinhlobo zokuqala ze-isitshalo seqanda zinesikhathi eside ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuye ekuhlwayeleni izithelo, ngakho-ke zikhule ezitshalweni nasezifundeni ezifudumele, futhi ikakhulukazi enkabeni yeRussia naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga.
Izithombo zingatshalwa:
- efulethini elinamafasitela eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga eseningizimu noma ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngamalambu akhethekile. Isibuko sokukhanya kwezitshalo ezijwayelekile zokukhanyisa izindlu asikuboni;
- endaweni ebamba ukushisa evuthayo lapho kunokukhanya okwanele.
Isitshalo seqanda isitshalo sokukhanya sasemini esifushane, sithatha amahora angama-12-14 wokukhanya ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula.
Imbewu yamaqanda izithombo zezithombo ezitshalwe ngoFebhuwari
Lapho utshala, kudingeka unake ukushisa kwenhlabathi negumbi lapho izithombo zizokhula khona:
- ekushiseni kwenhlabathi 20-25mayelanaImbewu ye-C izohluma ngokushesha ngosuku lwe-8-10, ngakho-ke ungazitshala ngoFebhuwari 20-25;
- ekushiseni kwenhlabathi 13-15mayelanaImbewu izohluma kusukela ngosuku lwe-20-25, ngakho-ke udinga ukutshala ekuseni, ngoFebhuwari 10-15.
Izithombo zikhule ngezindlela ezimbili - nangaphandle kokukhetha. Indlela yokuqala ilungile lapho udinga ukuthola inani elikhulu lezithombo ngokuntuleka kwendawo efudumele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukukhulisa izithombo ngamakhekhe
Ngaphansi kwesikhwanyana, imbewu ivame ukuhlwanyelwa emabhokisini. Ama-3-5 cm asele phakathi kwezintambo, amasentimitha angama-2-3 phakathi kwezimbewu ezikulayini. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 eduze kwezithombo, ayoshona (transplant) ezindaweni ezinobuningi obuningi ngokunqenqemeni okungenani ama-5-6 cm. Ngalesi sikhathi, fudumala ngokwanele ngisho nakuzindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingashisi. Okubi ngale ndlela ukuthi ama-eggplant awakubekezeleli ukufakelwa futhi azohlala emangele ngenkathi eqala ukusungula indawo entsha.
Ngemuva kokukhetha, izithombo zitshalwa ezitsheni ezibanzi kakhulu
Ukutshala izithombo ngaphandle kokukhetha
Lapho ungazikhawulela enanini elincane lezithombo, kungcono ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha endishini ehlukile enomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-0.5. Lapho utshala emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo cishe ngeke silimaze futhi sizokhula ngokushesha, ngoba sitshalwe ngohlelo lwezimpande olungakaze lwenziwe kanye nenhlama yomhlaba. Okubi ngale ndlela ukuthi izithombo ezinjalo zithatha indlala eningi ngoFebhuwari - Mashi izindawo ezifudumele nezikhanyayo.
Lapho kukhula ama-eggplant ezitsheni ezihlukile, angabekelwa kabusha ngesigaxa sobumba
Ilungiselela izithombo zokutshala
Noma yiziphi izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini kumele zikhishwe emakamelweni afudumele emgwaqweni ukuze ziqiniswe. Kuqala okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokwehla. Kungenzeka kakhulu ngaphambili, uma isimo sezulu sivuma futhi izinga lokushisa elisemgwaqweni lizoba ngu-12-16mayelanaC.
Okokuqala, izithombo zigcinwa emgwaqweni amahora angu-1-2, ziqaphe isimo sazo. Ukusuka emimoyeni enamandla nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ingahlupheka. Ngemuva kwalokho wahlanza igumbi, futhi uqhubeke nokwenza lukhuni ngakusasa. Isikhathi esisetshenziswa emoyeni omusha siyakhula kancane kancane, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala, lapho sekufudumele ngokwanele, izitshalo zingashiywa emgwaqweni. Udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi 5mayelanaC yokufaka isitshalo seqanda esithanda ukushisa - sicishe sibe yiqhwa.
Izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngesimo sezulu sale ndawo kanye nezimo zokushisa. Njengomthetho, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo enyakatho nentshonalanga ukusuka ngoMeyi 10, inhlabathi nomoya kufudumele impela nge-isitshalo seqanda.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ze-eggplant kumele zenziwe lukhuni
Video: indlela yokukhulisa izithombo zeqanda
Ukunakekelwa kweqanda
Isinambuzane esifuna ukunakekelwa.
Ukunisela mulching
Esimweni sezulu esomile, isitshalo seqanda kufanele siniselwe ngamanzi afudumele, axazululiwe. Ukusuka ekunweni okubandayo, izimpande "ziwela ku-stupor" isikhathi eside futhi ama-eggplant ayeka ukukhula izinsuku ezingama-7-10.
Ukufakwa isitshalo lapho kukhula ama-amaqanda amaqanda asendaweni evulekile kuzokonga kusuka ekomeni futhi kunciphise kakhulu isidingo sokunisela. Kepha i-mulch kufanele ibe mnyama ngombala, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokukhula, ngoba ngaphansi kokukhanya kokukhanya umhlaba ngeke ukwazi ukufudumala.
I-mulch embhedeni nge isitshalo seqanda izogcina umswakama enhlabathini isikhathi eside, izovimbela ukukhula kokhula
Maphakathi nehlobo, inhlabathi ifuduselwa ekujuleni okukhulu kuyo yonke indawo futhi ukukhanya kwe-mulch kungavela kube lusizo kakhulu kunokumnyama. Kuzovikela izimpande ezingaphezulu ekushisweni yisimo sezulu esishisayo futhi zikhulise ukukhanyisa kwamahlosi aphansi ezihlahla.
Umswakama wenhlabathi uhlolwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7, lapho womile, uniselwa (10 l nge-1 m2) Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufudumala ngesikhathi se-ovary kanye ne-fruiting, lokhu kuthinta ngqo isivuno.
Ukuchelela kungahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukene: ngesandla kusuka kumsele wokunisela noma embizeni kusuka ebhakedeni, ukuchelela ngenkasa. Ukunisela nge “turntables” akunasidingo. Isitshalo seqanda, njengazo zonke izitshalo ezijikeleza ilanga, “sinamaqabunga amanzi - iqabunga eligulayo”.
Lapho unisela isitshalo seqanda, awudingi ukuthulula amanzi emaqabungeni
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ezifundeni ezibandayo, isitshalo seqanda kudingeka ukuthi sikhule "sisheshiswe", esidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu kakhulu.
Izinto eziphambili ezidinga isitshalo seqanda yilezi:
- i-nitrogen ngokulinganisa ekuqaleni kokukhula ukuze yakhe isisindo esanele esiluhlaza futhi iqinisekise ukukhula okusheshayo nokuvuthwa kwezithelo;
- phosphorus yokusinda okungcono kwezithombo, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande, ukwakheka kwe-ovary;
- potassium yokwandisa ukukhuthazela kwezitshalo, ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa nokubanda.
I-Manganese, i-boron ne-iron kumele kube ziningi, ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukwengeza lezi zinto ngokungeziwe.
Ukuxilongwa:
- ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, isihlahla sikhula kancane, futhi amaqabunga agqamile;
- ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium, amaqabunga aqhekeka ngesikebhe, bese kuvela umngcele onsundu ngasemngceleni wawo;
- ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, isihlahla sithola ukwakheka okungekhona okwemvelo - amaqabunga aqala ukuguqukela phezulu, akhule abheke kusiqu.
Izici zokondla isitshalo seqanda:
- indlela yokugqoka esemqoka ingafakwa enhlabathini ukuze kugaywe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Kuhlanganiswa izicu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenziwe nge-nitrogen, phosphorus kanye ne-potassium noma ingxube ye-nitrogen (urea urea, ammonium nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, Doublephosphate ephindwe kabili), i-potassium (potassium chloride) ihlanganiswe. Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi usetshenziswa ngokusakazeka phezu kobuso bonke besakhiwo ngenani lama-40 g nge-1 m2;
- ukugqokwa kwamaminerali kungathathelwa indawo i-organic, okwenza ukumba ama-humus noma umquba ngenani lamalitha ayi-10-20 nge-1 m2. Ukusebenzisa umquba omusha nokudonswa kwezinyoni akulungile. Emhlabathini owakhiwe kakhulu, noma yisiphi isitshalo ingaqala "ukukhuluphala", okungukuthi, ukwakha inqwaba eluhlaza okotshani ngesivuno esiphansi;
- konke ukondla, ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen, kuthatha indawo yokusebenzisa umlotha. Lesi yisithako esihle kakhulu se-potash-phosphorus esinokuqukethwe okugcwele cishe kwazo zonke izinto ezincane nezincane. Zonke izinto zitholakala kumakhompiyutha. Akukho nitrogen emlotheni; iyasha lapho kushiswa izinkuni;
- umlotha futhi uhlakazeka ukumba, ungeniswe emithonjeni ngesikhathi sokutshala, amahlamvu othuli ngesikhathi sokukhula (kodwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza) ukwethusa izinambuzane. I-Ash ithuthukisa kakhulu ukunambitheka kwezithelo;
- isitshalo seqanda sidinga i-nitrogen ukwakha iqabunga le-10 leqiniso. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium;
- ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15 izikhathi ezingama-2-3, noma izikhathi ezi-3-4, uma ngabe umanyolo awusetshenziswanga ukumba;
- ukugqoka kokuqala kokuphezulu kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingama-18-20 ngemuva kokufakelwa kwezithombo. Ukondla kwasekuqaleni kungalimaza. Izimpande ezingafakwanga zizothola umthamo wokuphinda ushintshe futhi ngeke zikhule zifuna izakhi zomzimba.
Lezi zincomo kungenzeka zingabi zeziphoqelekile, ngoba kunenhlabathi evundile enamafutha lapho ukuncoka okuphezulu kungancishiswa noma kungenziwa nhlobo. Isibonelo, kuma-chernozems kanye ne-loams ecebile nge-humus, ama-eggplant azoba nakho konke okwanele uma ababanduleli babo bebengekho elangeni.
UPasynkovka nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla
Lo msebenzi ungahlukaniswa waba izingxenye ezimbili - okuphoqelekile nokuzikhethela:
- susa impela wonke amahlumela namaqabunga ngezansi kwe-ovary yokuqala lapho isihlahla sikhula sibe ngu-25-30 cm;
- empeleni kusasele inyanga ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ezindaweni zokuhluma zamakhasi, sinqume amahlumela aseceleni bese sisula yonke i-ovary encane. Akanaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa, kepha ngeze kuphela azosebenzisa amandla esitshalo.
Emhlabathini ovulekile asikho isidingo sokwakha isihlahla kwesinye isiqu, sikuyeke ukuphakama ukusindisa isikhala, njengasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Ungasivumela lesi sitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokulimaza noma ushiye amanxeba avulekile okungenwa ukungena kuwo. Kuphela kuphela okonakele, ongavikelekile ngoJulayi kanye namahlumela akamuva angenaso isikhathi sokukhiqiza isivuno asusiwe.
Ngokuphinizela okufanele, lesi sitshalo asibunjiwe ngokweqile, kepha ngaphandle kokudubula okwengeziwe
Ngaphezu kwalokho kungenzeka:
- thola izithelo ezinkulu ezingama-6-7 esihlahleni, khona-ke wonke amanye amaqanda kanye nengxenye yamahlumela kufanele zisuswe;
- shiya onke ama-ovaries kanye namahlumela, uthola izithelo ezincane eziyi-15-20.
Isisindo sesilimo esiphelele kuzo zombili izimo siyocishe sifane.
Garter
I-garter yangaphandle ayifuneki kakhulu.Isitshalo seqanda senza isihlahla esiqinile futhi sibamba ngeziqu ngezithelo kahle. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezithile ezidinga ama-garters lapho isitshalo seqanda sithinta umhlabathi futhi sikwazi ukubola. Kulesi simo, kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukusabalalisa i-mulch ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Uma kunesidingo, amakati kufanele enze ukwesekelwa okwengeziwe.
Amahlumela we-eggplant nezithelo kwesinye isikhathi zidinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe
Ividiyo: isitshalo seqanda emhlabathini ovulekile
Izindlela Zokukhula Kokubukeka
Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo seqanda sikhula ezitsheni ezihlukile - izikhwama, iziqukathi, imiphongolo ngevolumu okungenani yamalitha ayi-5- 10. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine lesi sitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukushisa okuzinzile, bese usikhipha emoyeni ovulekile, wenze indawo yezinye izilimo. Kumthamo onjalo wenhlabathi, isitshalo seqanda asikhiphisi umhlaba silindele ukushisa. Futhi ingatshalwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwesizini ngaphandle kokufakelwa, futhi uma ifiswa, itshalwe ngokumba imigodi yokutshala ngokobukhulu benhlabathi nezimpande ezikhwameni. Kulokhu, isitshalo asiguli futhi ngokuthula siqhubeka sikhula.
Ama-eggplant angatshalwa ezitsheni ezinkulu ezihlukile
Usizo lwale ndlela ukuthi inhlabathi esitsheni ifudumala ngokushesha okukhulu kunasesivandeni nasendaweni ebamba ukushisa ngemuva kobusika, futhi lokhu kubalulekile kuma-isitshalo seqanda.
Umthengi:
- indlela edla isikhathi futhi ibiza ngaphezu kokutshala okujwayelekile;
- inhlabathi yomile ngokushesha kunakuhlu, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa okungapheli kuyadingeka.
Isitshalo seqanda ku abamba ukushisa
Noma ku-greenhouse elula ngaphandle kokufudumeza, ama-eggplant akhula futhi athele izithelo izikhathi ezingcono ezi-2 kune-land evulekile ngonyaka omuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuqongelela kokushisa kosuku, umhlabathi ufudumeza kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-5,5 ngaphambili kunasemgwaqweni, indawo evaliwe ivikela ekubandeni okubuyayo, azikho izinambuzane zasemgwaqweni, imvula ye-acid namazolo abandayo, isichotho nomoya onamandla awukwazi ukulimaza. Ebusuku ngaphandle kwelanga, izinga lokushisa lomoya ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo lihle kakhulu, kepha inhlabathi ibanda kancane.
Izithombo ezingamaqanda zingatshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezingashisi kakade maphakathi no-Ephreli, futhi zingakhula kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba. I-greenhouse inikeza izinsuku ezingama-150 zezimila emazingeni okushisa atholakalayo ngisho naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, eFar East, endaweni ephakathi nendawo, e-Ukraine naseBelarus.
Izidingo zokunakekelwa kwangaphandle kanye ne-greenhouse cishe ziyafana, ngaphandle kokunisela. Ukuhumusha kungamaphesenti ayi-100. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi endaweni abamba ukushisa in sezulu esicacile ehlobo ngaphandle airing, ngokweqile izitshalo kungenzeka.
I-greenhouse ukwakhiwa okubiza kakhulu, kepha izilimo ezinhle zingavuthwa ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela elula kakhulu
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ama-eggplant cishe awanazo izinambuzane nezifo ezihlukile kuzo. Izinsongo ezisongela isiko zingavela kwezinye izitshalo:
- umlenze omnyama. Isifo sokukhunta. Izimpawu zokuqala ukubonakala kwebhande elimnyama ezansi kwesiqu, eduze komhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho isikhunta sithatha sonke isitshalo, kuvela ukumpunga ngamahlamvu. Futhi uma ukhunta uthinta isitshalo ngokuphelele, siyafa;
Umlenze omnyama ungasibulala isitshalo
- ukubola okungwevu. Iqala ukuvela njengezindawo ezinombala ongelamvelo weqabunga, bese iba mhlophe ngwevu, izicubu zeqabunga ziqale ukubola bese isitshalo singafa.
Lezi zifo zokukhunta zikhula esimweni esivamile, esimanzi, esibandayo. Elangeni, izicucu nezicubu zezikhunta ziyoma. Lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esishisayo selanga, ukukhula kwesifo emabangeni okuqala kungamisa.
Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta, kuneqembu lamalungiselelo akhethekile - ama-fungicides anconyelwe ukusetshenziswa engadini encane:
- UTopazi
- I-Zircon;
- I-Fitosporin;
- Qhakambisa.
Faka amakhambi abantu
- uthuli ngomlotha wokhuni, owomisa ishidi;
- ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-1 litre yemikhiqizo yobisi (i-kefir, i-Whey, ubisi olubilisiwe olubilisiwe), 1 tbsp. l ikhemisi tincture ye-iodine ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ithuluzi elifanayo lingamisa ukulimala sekwephuzile futhi livikele ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombe zokuhlobisa.
Isinyathelo esisebenzayo sokuvimbela ukufakwa kwezithelo ngaphambi kokutshala ngesixazululo esise pink se-manganese nezinye izinhlanganisela ezibulala amagciwane. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zomhlaba uqobo azidluliselwa kulesi sitshalo ngembewu.
Kepha imithambo yezifo eyingozi kunazo zonke izinambuzane. Ukulimaza isitshalo, kushiya amanxeba avulekile - "isango" lokutheleleka, kwenza buthaka isitshalo futhi kunciphise ukungagcineki kwalo. Izinambuzane eziphambili ze-isitshalo seqanda emhlabathini ovulekile yi-mabhungane amazambane aseColorado, isicabucabu mite, ama-aphid, izintuthwane.
Ibhungane lamazambane leColorado liyisihlava sangempela se-isitshalo seqanda ngesikhathi lapho amazambane ezivandeni ezingomakhelwane aqala ukuvela nje, kanti sekuvele kutshalwe izithombo zezitshalo zamaqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho izimbungulu ziqoqana ezihlahleni zivela nxazonke futhi zingazibhubhisa ngokushesha. Uma inani lezithombo lincane, livikelwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ibhodlela lepulasitiki engu-1.5 litha usika phansi nentamo.
- Isilinda esidlulayo sinqunywa sibe izingxenye ezimbili.
- Isilinda sibekwa phezu kwezithombo ezitshaliwe, sigcizelele phansi emhlabathini. Isitshalo seqanda sikhula ngemuva “kocingo” wepulasitiki esiyindilinga, lapho kungekho sikhwanyana esikhuphukayo esingagibela khona.
Isitshalo seqanda singasindiswa kusuka kubhungane bamazambane baseColorado ngamabhodlela epulasitiki
Kungenzeka ukwelapha i-eggplant ngama-insecticides ngokumelene ne-Colorado amazambane beetle, kodwa kuphela endaweni evulekile kanye kanye ngonyaka.
I-Colorado amazambane ibhungane iyisitha esibi kakhulu se-isitshalo seqanda
Ukugwema ama-aphid, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhubhise zonke izintuthwane eziseduzane. Izintuthwane zisabalalisa ama-aphid phakathi kwezitshalo bese zisebenzisa izindlela zazo zokuziphilisa njengokudla, ngakho-ke, izinhlansi zentuthwane kuzodingeka zikhiqizwe kaninginingi, ngokungafani nezinye izigaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anthill ngaphansi kwezimpande ingabhubhisa ngokuphelele isihlahla.
Amaphutha Lapho Kukhula Isitshalo Samaqanda
Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo seqanda sikhula ngokusobala:
- isihlahla asikhuli siluhlaza okotshani, umbala wamahlamvu uphuzi, ngokuxaka;
- izimbali ziyawa;
- ivele, kepha bese kuvela i-ovary encane;
- izithelo ezimbalwa futhi zincane.
Sidinga ukubheka izizathu zokwephula imithetho yokunakekelwa, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, izimpawu zezifo kanye nokuba khona kwezinambuzane. Udinga futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi imbangela yezinkinga ingabanda. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokukhulisa ama-eggplant lingama-25-30mayelanaC. Ebusuku 8-10mayelanaS futhi nsuku zonke 14-16mayelanaNgokucindezela isivuno ukuphuma kwesitshalo seqanda esishubile ngeke kuphumelele.
Amaphutha alandelayo nawo kufanele agwenywe:
- ukutshala emjondolo, ukutshala okugqinsiwe, izihlahla ezingaphezu kwesi-4-5 nge-1 m2. Isihlahla asikhanyiswanga kahle futhi asifakwanga umoya, amahlamvu anombala aphenduka aphuzi, izithelo aziguquki zibe nsomi, zibole, ingozi yezifo zokukhunta futhi isikhunta siphezulu;
- ukuthambisa okungalingani. Umswakama omningi ngemuva kokucima okukhulu kwenhlabathi kuzokwenza ukuthi imifantu ivele ezitsheni, izoyeka ukukhula bese iqala ukonakala. Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo akwamukeleki;
- i-nitrogen eyeqile emhlabathini (umquba, umanyolo we-nitrogen). Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni lesi sitshalo sishayele i-green green (amafutha) ngesivuno esincane;
- umhlaba ongafanele. Isitshalo seqanda sidinga inhlabathi evundile, evundile, ikhula kabi kwizimbumbulu ezisindayo nakuma sand sandones.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Izithelo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zingavela ekuqaleni kwezinsuku ezingama-25- 40 ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Lapho-ke ingxenye elandelayo yesilimo ingaqhamuka njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-7.
Isithelo sine-peduncle eqinile, sisikwa nge-secateurs, isikhafu esikhulu noma ngommese, esimweni esibi ngokweqile, sisonteke ngezandla, sijikeleza izembe kuze kube yilapho imilenze iphuka. Umlenze ushiywe ngu-3-5 cm ubude.
Isitshalo seqanda esisikiwe ngommese noma ngesikere
Izithelo ezomile zigcinwa kahle ebumnyameni nasethunzini, ngoba zinezikhonkwane ezinzima. Zibekwe ezingqekweni ezi-1-2. Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-2-2 wokulondolozwa okunjalo, ama-eggplant angahlungwa, alahle abonakele futhi athambile, okusele kungasakazwa kungqimba yotshani obomile noma ukubhoboza endaweni epholile, engaphansi eyomile. Ngakho-ke isitshalo seqanda esisha singagcinwa ezinye izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Ngesikhathi sokugcina, ama-eggplant kufanele ambozwe njalo ngendwangu eyomile, ngoba ekukhanyeni akhiqiza i-solanine eyingozi, efanayo nasezimbizeni eziluhlaza. Kepha umswakama ophakeme kanye nokushisa, izithelo azikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi kufanele zicutshungulwe kungakapheli amasonto ayi-2-3 ngemuva kokuqoqwa.
Ukubuyekezwa kwabatshali bemifino
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-isitshalo seqanda ezingazange zizame ukukhula. Azikhuli, azithandi isimo sezulu sase-Ural! Kepha ekugcineni - inhlanhla! Izinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane zaseMongolia ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngasikhathi sinye notamatisi wokuqala. Ngiyazi ukuthi esifundeni saseKostroma sikhula endaweni evulekile.
Fech Eugene
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12114/
Mina uqobo angenzi lutho nge-isitshalo seqanda. Kuliqiniso, e-Astrakhan yethu ihlobo lifudumele futhi wonke ama-eggplant avuthwa kahle, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, asizidingi eziningi zazo. Ngokuvamile, ngizama ukukhipha ama-ama-eggplant amancane, angafiki ukuze kunembewu ezimbalwa. Angisakhi isihlahla. Nginqume amaqabunga angaphansi kuphela ukuze angaqini phansi. Ngithatha isitshalo seqanda esincane, ngakho isihlahla sinamandla anele okuvuthisa zonke izithelo.
UTosha
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12114/page-2
Eminyakeni engu-4 edlule, uValentine wama-eggplant uthandwe kakhulu ngathi. Lokho ebangeni elipholile impela! Ngangikhula. Kukhulu futhi kuthinta njalo kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Ngokuqala kusuka ezitshalweni, uValentine uzimemezela ngokwakhe. Kubonakala ngokuvela emuva kubafowabo. Ngikweluleka ukuthi uzame.
I-Zavodinka
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12114/page-4
Namuhla, ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esipholile sendawo ephakathi, izithombo ezivela ekuhlwanyelweni ngoFebhuwari ziyaphumelela ukukhula ezikhulayo endaweni evulekile, nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo - izitshalo ezigcwele isitshalo seqanda, njengaseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akudingi imizamo yobuqhawe, udinga nje ukwazi isipiliyoni esinqongelelwe muva nje ngabalimi bethu futhi sikusebenzise kahle.
