Calla uhlale uheha uhlobo olungavamile lwe-inflorescence, ukubukeka okunamandla nokuphunga okungavamile. Kodwa abalimi bembali bayakuthanda ukuthi imbali ingakhula kalula kokubili engadini nasembizeni ekhaya. Kunoma yikuphi kwalezi zimo, i-calla isitshalo esingaqondile.
Ukutshala uCalla ensimini yasentwasahlobo
Ukutshala i-callas emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo. Ukutshala kwe-autumn kubonisa ukubusika emhlabathini, futhi isimiso sesitshalo sesitshalo singeke sikwazi ukubekezelela lokhu.
Uyazi? UCalla ungokwezihlobo zezitshalo ezingapheli, ebumbene emndenini we-arum. Indawo yayo yokukhula yindawo enomanzi eNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika. Isihlobo sakhe esiseduze eNyakatho Hemisphere yi-calla (marsh calla).
Ukukhethwa kweSayithi kanye nesikhathi sokufika isikhathi esihle
Nakuba i-calla isitshalo esingaqondile, kunzima ukuyikhetha indawo. Kumele kube yisithunzi noma i-penumbra, kodwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu sokukhanya. Qinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo emini izimbali azishisi imisebe eqondile yelanga, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga asitshalo azobola futhi asomile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi imbali ikhule emthunzini wezihlahla noma izihlahla. Futhi khumbula ukuthi i-callas ayibekezeli kahle ama-drafts.
Abayithandi amanzi aphelile. Ngakho-ke, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwesayithi kufanele abe kude kakhulu, futhi insimu ngokwalo akufanele ithathe isandla ekwenzeni amanzi. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo kumele ibe ne-drainage enhle futhi ibe ne-acidic encane. Inhlabathi ekahle imbali ilingana ngokulinganayo amaqabunga ama-humus, i-peat, ishlabathi nesihlabathi.
Uyazi? UCalla unelinye igama elisemthethweni - i-zantedeskiya. Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa i-rihardia noma i-calla yase-Ethiopia. Igama lesibili lesitshalo lanikezwa yi-Bottist German Bottist Kurt Sprengel. Wanikeza le nkondama igama lomuthi wezitshalo wase-Italy uGiovanni Zantedeschi, owayengumngane wakhe. Leli gama alixhomeke kakhulu emibuthanweni yembali, futhi lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi i-calla.
Omunye umbuzo obalulekile: lapho ukutshala i-callas emhlabathini ovulekile. Isikhathi sikhethwa lapho iqhwa lokugcina liyeka futhi umoya nomhlabathi ukufudumala ngokwanele. Njengomthetho, lokhu kungukuqala kukaMeyi.
Ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto
Ukutshala kuyadingeka ukhethe izilimo eziyizigaxa eziqinile neziqinile. Futhi ezinkulu, zingcono kakhulu ukubona izimbali ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinyanyekayo nezingenangqondo zingase zingabi namandla. Ngokushesha watshala izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini akunconywa, kumele baphathwe ngaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, uma ubathengile ngoFebruwari, indaba yokutshala kufanele ifakwe e-napkin futhi igcinwe phansi kweqandisini.
Okunye okulungiselelwe ukutshala i-calla bulbs kubandakanya ukugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate nokuhlelwa kabusha okulandelayo. Izindawo ezilimazekile futhi ezibolile ziqedwe ngokucophelela, ukusikeka kuphathwa ngopende oluhlaza. Ngemuva kwalokho, balungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Abanye balimi benza ukutshala kokuqala kokutshala izinto ezimbizeni - ngo-Mashi-Ephreli. Ama-albs atshalwe emabhoshini angacacile ahleliwe: iziqukathi zandulela i-disinfected futhi inhlabathi ibalwa kuhhavini. E-substrate lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zinyene 2-3 cm futhi ziphuza kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli bangathathwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi noma ku-greenhouse ukuze bavuse. Izitshalo ezitshalisiwe endaweni evulekile nebhola lomhlaba.
Kubalulekile! I-calla, izimbiza ezinobuthi zikhethwa ukuze ziqinisekise umoya owanele womoya. Kubalulekile ukuthi azikho ezinye izitshalo ezikhula ebhodweni noma eduze kwazo - i-calla inomona omakhelwane bayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi lususwa ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izimpande ezihambayo, uphinde ufafaze.
Ukulungiselela isitifiketi sokutshala
Isayithi lapho iklakha kufanele ikhule khona, ihlanzwa futhi igubwe nge-substrate yesihlabathi kanye ne-hardwood humus, ethathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi ine-drainage enhle. Njengoba i-calla ithanda inhlabathi emuncu, kufanelekile ukufaka izinaliti ezimbalwa emhlabeni. Kuzoheha izibungu zomhlaba, okufaka isandla ekwenzeni i-oxydation yenhlabathi. Futhi ulungise umanyolo obunzima we-mineral, okumele usetshenziswe ku-30-40 amagremu ngomitha wendawo ngayinye.
Ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa kusayithi
Uma utshala i-garden callas emhlabathini ovulekile, ususe ngokucophelela kusuka ebhodweni ukuze ungalimazi lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa, njengoba zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Zigxila emigodini ephekwe ngaphambilini ngaphambi kokungu-5-10 cm ngokujula. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lincike ngobukhulu be-bulb, kodwa angaphezu kuka-40 cm. Izinto zokutshala akukhuthazwa ukuba ziqhube phansi, kepha zifafaze kancane phezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingase zibole.
Izitshalo ezitshaliwe kufanele ziphuze kahle futhi amasonto ambalwa alandelayo azinakekeli ukunisela. Uma ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa amahlumela awazange abonakale, kubalulekile ukugcoba inhlabathi ezungeze umgodi ukuze amanzi angawa phezu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngokwabo, okungenzeka zibole.
Kubalulekile! Ukuntula ukuhluma emavikini okuqala akumelwe ukwesabe. Lesi sitshalo asikhulumi kuze kube yilapho sakha uhlelo lwempande, futhi lokhu kungathatha inyanga. I-Calla blooms nayo yonke inyanga.
Indlela yokunakekela i-calla engadini
I-Agrotehnika calla ilula kakhulu. Kudinga ukuphuziswa futhi kukhululeke njalo emva kwalokho, ngenkathi kuqaphela ukukhanya okwanele nezimo ezishisayo. Uma ufaka umanyolo uma utshala, ke ngokuyisisekelo, ukunikezwa okwengeziwe akudingeki. Uma ukhangwa esakhiweni semifino yomhlaba kusengaphambili, ukukhululeka kungase kungadingekile, nakuba kungcono ukwenza lokhu emva kokunisela ngamunye.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kwemvula, amazolo aqhamuka eqabini futhi amathiphu amaqabunga aluhlaza e-calla efaka i-inflorescence.
Uma ukufaka umanyolo kuyadingeka, umanyolo kufanele ukhethwe ngezimbali ezinombala, okufanele usetshenziswe kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Lapho lesi sitshalo siqhakaza, engeza 15-20 g we potassium ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalinaki ngamanyolo we-nitrojeni, njengoba efaka ukwandisa ngobuningi bezitshalo.
Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu - indlela yokuphuza i-callas? Bathanda umswakama, kodwa ungabeki ukubekezelela lapho amanzi ehla. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele avumele ukuhamba ngokweqile kwenhlabathi, kodwa futhi akudingekile ukugcwalisa izilimo eziyizigaxa.
Uyazi? Ukuqala kwemifino ye-flower callas flower ebizwa ngokuthi iqabunga elivula i-budge ye-inflorescence futhi ingaba nombala ohlukile. Eqinisweni, imbali yesitshalo, nakuba iphunga elimnandi, kodwa libala.
Ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwehlathi, kubalulekile ukusika zonke izimbali zomhlanga ngemva kwesikhathi sokumbali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amahlumela amancane akufanele agonywe. Uma unakekele kahle i-calla, uzovuka ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili.
Inzuzo yembali yilokho okungajwayelekile ukuthi izinambuzane noma izifo zivele kuso. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-whiteflies angabonakala kuwo, kodwa awabangeli umonakalo omkhulu esimeni.
Izindlela zokuzala i-calla
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-calla kuncike kunhlobo lwesitshalo. Abanye bane-rhizome ene-branched enamandla, amanye - izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamandla. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ngokutshala izinto eziqediwe zokutshala. Ngenye - ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Kodwa bobabili bangasakazeka ngenzalo. Yiqiniso, lena yindlela enzima kakhulu futhi engathembeki.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela zezimbali eziyinhloko, okuyizinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ezitshalwa ngazo: i-calla yaseTopiya, insali yama-calla, i-calla eliot. Okunye okuwumkhiqizo wokuzalanisa kulawa.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa
Ukukhiqiza, ukutshala izinto kuthengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile, lapho kuqhubeka ukudayiswa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ngemuva kokukhetha izilimo eziyizigaxa eziqinile, ezinomsoco nezigcwele, zibeke emathini kanye nendawo endaweni epholile ngokushisa kwama-5-7 ° C. Hlanganisa umoya bese uwaphendulela.
Ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimbizeni eziphambili kufanele kube ngo-Ephreli. I-tuber ngayinye ine-tubercle ebonakala ngokucacile, okuyinto ephezulu yesitshalo. Gweba izinto zokutshala kule substrate ngo-2-3 cm, ufafaze umhlaba bese ungenisa egumbini elinokushisa kwama-20-22 ° C. Qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi ebhodweni ayimile, kodwa ungayidli.
Khipha kancane kancane izimbiza ebhodini lokuqina. Kungenzeka ukutshala isitshalo endaweni evulekile ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Iphethini lokufika livela ebangeni. Lezi zimbali ezincane, etshalwe kude 20 cm, medium - 35 cm, high - 50 cm.
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Le ndlela ifanele kuphela ezihlukahlukene ze-Ethiopian calla kanye neziqephu zayo. Kungenzeka ukwahlukanisa isihlahla saso ekwindla ekucutsheni okuhleliwe. Ukubalekela kanye ne-rhizome kuhlukaniswe nesihlahla esivamile, ukuzama ukulondoloza umhlaba ongenakwenzeka kuwo, futhi watshala ebhodweni ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile. Ibhodlela kufanele ibekwe egumbini elivaliwe ngezinga lokushisa lika 12-15 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele, kanti ekuqaleni kwehlobo isitshalo sesilungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Izinto zokutshala nazo zingathengwa kunoma iyiphi i-cattery.
Imbewu
Abalimi bavame ukukhiqiza imbewu ka-calla. Uma wenza lokhu ekhaya, kunamathuba aphezulu ukuthi imbewu ngeke ikhule. Ukwehlisa amathuba okuphumelela kuzosiza ekusizeni isisombululo se-biostimulating amahora angu-5-6. Ngokuvamile, i-potassium humate isetshenziselwa lokhu. Ngemuva kokumisa imbewu ihlelwe epanini elimanzi, elibekwe izinsuku ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-8 endaweni efudumele. Qinisekisa ukuthi imbewu ayimile. Uma nje zihluma, kufanele zifakwe emhlabathini bese zikhulile ekamelweni elifudumele kuze kuvele amahlumela aqinile. Kuphela uma isitshalo siqiniswa, singatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ehlwanyelwe kuwo, ngokudlula lesi sigaba, ezimweni eziningi bayafa.
Indlela yokugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-calla ebusika
Abaningi banombuzo, ukuthi benzeni ne-calla ngemuva kokubilisa izimbali, ngoba lesi sitshalo sinamandla kakhulu. Awuyikubekezelela ngempela izinkathi zethu, ngakho ekupheleni kukaSeptember kunconywa ukumba ama-rhizomes futhi, kanye ne-clock earthy, ugcine endaweni epholile, ngezikhathi ezithile uhambise umhlabathi.
I-calla ye-tuberous kufanele ivuliwe ngaphandle kokusika ingxenye yomhlabathi ngasekupheleni kuka-Septhemba. Lezi zinto kufanele zisuswe emhlabathini, kahle futhi uhlanza kahle, ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo. Ngemva kwalokho, isigamu sehora sigcinwe esisombululo se-potassium permanganate futhi sageza futhi. Bese befakwa endaweni epholile ngezinga lokushisa lika-5-10ºC bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho wonke amaqabunga emile futhi esomile. Kuphela emva kwalokho kususwe, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zithunyelwa kwisitoreji.
Indlela yokugcina i-callas? Ezikhwameni zamaphepha ezinqolobaneni noma ebhokisini yemifino esiqandisini. Ama-rootstocks aseTopiya asetshenziselwa ukugcina, elandela indlela efanayo yokulandelana. Ebusika, hlola ngezikhathi ezithile isimo sokutshala. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho zindawo ezibolile ezivela kuyo, azikho izingxenye ezinamagagasi nezomisiwe. Lena yindlela kuphela yokulungiselela kahle ukutshala kwentwasahlobo.
Naphezu kokuthi ukugcinwa kwe-callas kudinga intshiseko ethile, ukutshala isitshalo ensimini nokuyinakekela kulula. Kuyinto engaphezulanga, hhayi ezithakazelisayo izinambuzane. Kodwa ngesikhathi sezimbali umlimi uthanda izimbali ezimnandi zokuhlobisa.
