I-Arabis (lat. Arabis), noma i-rezha - yotshani obumisiwe bomndeni i-Cruciferous noma iklabishi. Imvelaphi yegama ihambisana nezincazelo zamagama athi "Arabia" noma "Arabia", ngokusho kweminye imithombo - ne "arabos" yesiGreki, ehumusha ngokuthi "ukugaya".
Izindawo ezisezintabeni zase-Yurobhu, Ephakathi naseMpumalanga ye-Asia zithathwa njengezasemakhaya. Ikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo zasezintabeni zase-Afrika, nasendaweni yesimo sezulu esipholile. Igama lesibili - imbali yanikezwa isihlahla ngezinwele ezilukhuni, amaqabunga anoboya besikhumba esiluhlaza kanye nesikhumba esilimazayo.
Batshala yonke indawo emibhedeni ehlukahlukene yezimbali. Le mbali ikhula njengonyaka nanjengophakathi.
Incazelo nezici ze-arabis
Ngokubukeka, ngotshani obunwabuzelayo obude obungama-30 cm. Esembozweni esithatha kalula iziqu zeziqu kukhona amaqabunga abukeka njengezinhliziyo. Izimbali ezincane ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence acocekile, ahlanganisiwe.
Umbala wehlukene: upinki, mhlophe, onsomi, ophuzi. Iqhakaza isikhathi eside futhi ijabulisa, ifaka iphunga eliheha inani elikhulu lezinambuzane. Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezibethelwa emthini, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amafomu ezithelo ngendlela yefoloko, imbewu inesimo esicabalele, kwezinye izinhlobo zama-arabis zinamaphiko.
Izimo ezikhulayo zesitshalo zilula impela, ngakho-ke zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezokuhlobisa ekuhlobiseni imibhede yezimbali.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-arabis: eCaucasian, i-alpine nezinye
Kwi-floriculture, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimbali ziyasebenza, ezinye zazo zinezinhlobonhlobo.
| Buka | Incazelo | Ukuphakama bheka | Izinhlobo | Kushiya |
| I-Alpine (i-Arabis alpina - i-Arabis flaviflora) | Sisatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Ekude, enyakatho yeScandinavia, ePolar Urals, ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseNyakatho Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ukuvuselela amagatsha kuphele ngo-izingodo kucindezelwe emhlabathini. | 35 | SchneeShaube. Izimbali ezimhlophe. Ukuphakama kufike ku-25 cm, 2 cm ubukhulu. Ubude bebrashi yezimbali buyi-15 cm. | Ijamo le-oval lamaqabunga ase-basal liphela ngesiqu - esishaywe ngentambo. |
| UTerry. Amabhulashi amakhulu afana nesandla sobunxele. Ifinyelela ku-20 cm ukuphakama no-2 cm ubukhulu. Ubude bebrashi yezimbali buyi-12 cm. | ||||
| Ipinki. Izimbali ezipinki. Kufika kuma-35 cm. | ||||
| I-bunny enelanga. Amacembe amhlophe-wesiliva, izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi, amahloni amhlophe qhwa. Kusatshalaliswa imbewu. | ||||
| UBruise (ama-Arabhu bryoides) | Izifunda ze-Alpine zase-Albania, Greece naseBulgaria. Izimbali ezingapheli, izimbali ezimhlophe, ezingama-3-6 zazo zakha ibhulashi le-corymbose | 10 | Musa ukuphuma. | Encane, ebunjiwe ngamaqanda, inomuzwa we-fluffy villi oqoqiwe ezisekelweni. |
| I-Caucasian (i-Arabis Caucasica) | I-perennial, eyaziwa kusukela ngo-1800. Sisatshalaliswa eCaucasus, eCrimea, eMedithera, eCentral nase-Asia Minor. Izimbali zohlobo olumhlophe, olunobubanzi obufika ku-1.5 cm, ibhulashi lembali kufika ku-8 cm. Kancane kancane kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni, amanye kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Izithelo zikuhlobo lwesigaxa eside esincanyana. | 30 | Ukuthunjwa kwe-Flora. Blooms zikanokusho, kuma-tassels ende yezimbali eziphindwe kabili zombala omhlophe. | Ama-hue amancane, aluhlaza grey, amade, ahlanganisiwe emaphethelweni, ngombala obukhulu obukhulu besiliva. |
| I-Variegata. Amaqabunga aphuzi aphuzi emaphethelweni, izimbali ezimhlophe. | ||||
| Rosabella Izimbali ezipinki. | ||||
| I-Grandiflorose. Izimbali eziphinki, amabhulashi aqhakazile. | ||||
| Schneehaube. Isihlahla esiphansi, esimhlophe, esinezimbali ezimbili. | ||||
| I-Runner Out (ama-Arabis procurrens) | Kusatshalaliswa eBalkan. Izimbali ziyafiphala. Kwenziwa ukuqinisa imithambeka eshayekayo. Imelana neqhwa, ingathobeki ngokungapheli, kodwa okungcono nendawo yokukhosela. | 12 | I-Variegata. Izimbali ngesimo sesixuku, kancane kancane ziba ukukhanya. | Encane, ngesimo sezisekelo. I-hue eluhlaza enomngcele obanzi omhlophe emaphethelweni |
| Ngaphansi (i-Arabis pumila) | Kusatshalaliswa e-Apennines nasezintabeni zase-Alps. Izimbali ezimhlophe, ezigqamile, akukho okukhangayo okuhlobisa, kuqhakaza ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Imbewu isetshenziselwa ukusakazwa. | 5-15 | Musa ukuphuma. | Elula elingama-oval elifushane, elinotshani. |
| Ukuphumula (i-Arabis androsacea) | Itholakala ezintabeni zaseTurkey endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2300. Izimbali ezimhlophe. Ibhulashi njengesihlangu esivulekile. | 5-10 | Uhlobo oluncane, oluyindilinga, olunesihloko esikhombe, akha ama-rosette. | |
| I-Ciliary (i-Arabis blepharophylla) | Ikhula emagqumeni aseCalifornia endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-500. Isihlahla sekhava esisembozo esinobubanzi obungafika ku-25 cm. Izimbali zamathoni apinki amnyama. | 8 | Ukubuyiselwa Komzila. Amaqabunga aphakanyisiwe, izimbali zemithunzi ekhanyayo epinki. | Umbala oluhlaza okotshani. |
| I-Frühlingshaber. Amacembe amancane, izimbali ezipinki. | ||||
| UFerdinand weCoburg Variegat (i-Arabis Ferdinandi-coburgii Variegata) | I-Semi-evergreen bush, ububanzi bufika kuma-30 cm. Izimbali ezimhlophe. Izimbali ezinde. Ibekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokwakha i-drainage ethembekile. | 5 | Musa ukuphuma. | Imithunzi eluhlaza ekhanyayo enomngcele wamhlophe, ophuzi noma opinki. Amasokhethi ngesimo semicamelo ye volumetric ayaziswa. |
| Ama-Arends (ama-Arabis x arendsii) | I-hybrid etholwe ngokuwela i-arabis yaseCaucasian ne-Obrician ekuqaleni kwamashumi amabili eminyaka. | 10-20 | Ukutsha Ama-volumetric inflorescence, izimbali kusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kumnyama amathoni apinki. | Okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngendlela yenhliziyo ende. |
| Wasukuma uFrosty. Izimbali okusajingijolo ngethoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | ||||
| Izingoma. Izimbali ngemibala egqamile. | ||||
| Rosabella Amaqabunga omthunzi okhanyayo oluhlaza ohlanganiswe nokukhanya kokhilimu wezimbali okhanyayo. |
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo be-arabis bulula, vele ukhumbule ezinye zezimpawu.
Ukukhula ama-arabis kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Imvamisa, i-casing isakazwa ngembewu. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala ekwindla sekwephuzile emhlabathini. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngezithombo ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ezigcwaliswe inhlabathi nge-admiamo yesihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe wokudonsa. Imbewu ngayinye ibekwe ekujuleni kwama-0.5 cm.
Izilimo zisale egumbini elinokushisa kuka +20 ° C, kumbozwe ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama. Ngemuva kokuhluma kwamaqabunga okuqala, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Ukulungiswa okuthe xaxa kwezithombo kudinga indawo efudumele nenokhanyayo.
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukumiswa kwendawo yomhlabathi kuvunyelwe. Kulokhu, ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokukhulula ngokucophelela kwenziwa.
Ukulima okulandelayo ngesimo sesitshalo esisodwa, kutshalwa izithombo ezinamakhompiyutha abilisiwe emabhodweni alungiselelwe, ukuze isivuno esimboze umhlabathi, shona ngokushesha emhlabathini kude ne-30 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emgwaqweni, ukulungiselela kuyadingeka. Fudumeza izinsuku eziyishumi nambili, ekuseni ushiye amahora angama-1-2 emgwaqweni, ngaphandle kokubhaliwe.
I-arabis yokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala izimbali engadini kwenziwa lapho kuvela amaqabunga wesithathu. Imvamisa lokhu kuba ukuphela kukaMeyi-ukuqala kukaJuni. Ukulima, indawo enelanga enomoya omncane iyakhethwa. Inhlabathi eyindilinga, enesihlabathi ngokufakwa kwanoma yiziphi izithasiselo zokudonsa okungcono kufanelekile.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle futhi kuboniswe izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nezimbiwa. Emhlabathini omuncu, i-creeper izwa kabi futhi ayikhuzeki kahle.
Izithombo ze-Arabisa zithanda ukukhula phakathi kwamatshe ku-alpine roller coaster. Isikimu sokutshala lembali singamasentimitha angama-40x40. Ngokutshala okuningana, izitshalo ezi-3-4 zibekwe kahle emgodini owodwa. Ukuqhakaza eziqhakaza iminyaka emi-2.
I-Arabis ilinyazwa kalula ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, imithetho eminingana kufanele ibonwe:
- bamba izimbobo zokutshala ngokujula kwama-25 cm;
- uchithe inhlabathi ngesihlahla kuze kube yilapho kuba namanzi ajwayelekile;
- khulula umhlabathi bese ushaya isitshalo ngaso sonke inhlama;
- faka imbobo, efafazwe ngenhlabathi, ukhanye futhi uchithe ngamanzi.
Nakekela ama-arabis engadini
Ukondla kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula. Faka umanyolo wamaminerali. Ukungezwa okungenzeka komquba noma umquba obolile Ukugqoka okuphezulu futhi kwethulwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma endaweni yezimpande.
Ngenkathi, izihlahla zincipha ukudala isimo esihle. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, amagatsha amadala ayasuswa bese amagatsha amade esikiwe. Ngokukhula kwamahlumela amasha, kungaqhakaza izimbali zesibili.
Izithombo ezinde ezinqunyiwe zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzalaniswa kwezitshalo okulandelayo.
Izindlela zokuzala ama-arabis
Ama-cuttings ayi-10 cm asele ngemuva kokunqunywa ahlanzwa amaqabunga aphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho nge-engela ka-45 ° batshala enhlabathini ngesisekelo sesihlabathi. Ezinsukwini ezingama-20, ngenkathi izimpande zivela kabusha, qaphela umbuso wokunisela nowokufafaza.
Ukulengiswa nakho kuhlukaniswa indlela yokubeka. Cindezela iphuzu lokukhula kwesiqu, ezingeni lomhlabathi, cindezela bese uthatha amanzi lonke ihlobo. Ekwindla, isithombo esihle sembewu nesitshalo se-uterine zihlukaniswa.
I-Arabis ngemuva kwezimbali
Izimbali ziyaqhakaza izinsuku ezingama-15-30 ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Noma ekugcineni kwezimbali, isitshalo sigcina ukubukeka kwayo okuhle. Ehlobo, i-arabis iniselwa ngokulinganayo uma kwenzeka kuba nesomiso sezulu. NgoSepthemba, izimbali eziphindaphindwayo zingavela amahlumela amasha akhula ngokweqile.
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, imbewu esivuthiwe iyasuswa. Amabhulashi wezimbali agcwele asikiwe futhi ashiywe ukuze avuthwe endaweni enomhluzi, ngokushisa kuka + 20 ... +23 ° C. Lapho yomile ngokuphelele, imbewu iyabhulwa. Gcina endaweni eyomile, emnyama.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Lesi sitshalo sinobusika obunzima, kodwa kuphela phakathi nobusika obuthambile lapho sigcwala khona kahle. Ngakho-ke, kudinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokugcina izakhiwo zalo zokuhlobisa. Amahlathi asikwa ekuphakameni okungama-3-4 cm futhi ambozwe ngamaqabunga awile noma ezinye izinto ezifanayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Njengazo zonke izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali, ihlathi lithathwa kalula yizifo futhi lihlaselwa yizinambuzane.
| Izifo / inkathazo | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokulawula |
| Viral kaMose | Izindawo ezikhulayo ezimnyama emaqabungeni. | Akuphathwa. Bumba phansi ubhubhise isihlahla. |
| I-Cruciferous flea | Ukubonakala kwezimbobo emaqabungeni. | Ukwelapha ngama-Intexicides:
|
UMnu Dachnik utusa: ama-arabis ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Isitshalo esinesizotha sithandwa ngokusetshenziswa kwaso sonke indawo. Isihlahla sekhava somhlabathi asilandeli futhi saziwa ngokukhula okusheshayo, ngakho-ke, isikhathi esifushane sakha amakona aluhlaza lapho ezinye izitshalo eziningi zingakwazi ukuthuthuka. Ukhululekile ebangeni lezimbali, phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahlana engadini. Kuyaphawuleka hhayi izimbali zezimbali kuphela, kodwa futhi nemidwebo ye-pubescent eqoshiwe.
Imvamisa, i-Arabis isetshenziselwa ukwenza indawo egqumayo igquma le-alpine, lapho ilungile phakathi kwamatshe. Izimpande eziqinile zingena zijule enhlabathini, ezitshalwe endaweni eyomile ye-casing zingayihlobisa.
Lapho utshala, khumbula uthando lwama-Arabis elangeni nokukhanya. Endaweni ekhanyiselwe, izihlahla zihlobisa ngokwengeziwe, ukuqhakaza kuqhakaza. Emthunzini, lesi sitshalo sinwetshwa ngokubonakalayo. Lapho utshala emibhedeni yezimbali, kuyabhekwa ukuthi i-arabis ibukeka kahle ekutshaleni kwamaqembu phakathi kwama-perennials ahlabayo, kanye nama-marigolds, i-marigold, i-nasturtium, i-alissum.
