Ungasusa kanjani isibazi esihlahleni sama-apula

Scab yisishayo sesiko lama-apula. Izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zama-apula ezilwa nalesi sifo zitholiwe. Kodwa-ke, azihlali zihlangabezana nezidingo zomthengi. Imvamisa kuyadingeka ukukhulisa izinhlobo zakudala zezihlahla zama-apula ezithandwa yizizukulwane eziningi. Futhi zivame ukuthambekele kakhulu ekubheni. Sizosiza umlimi ahlangabezane nale nkinga.

Scab on amaqabunga esihlahla se-apula - izici nezimbangela

I-Scab yisifo esaziwa kakhulu semithi yama-apula. Ngisho nangaphambi kwekhulu le-19, babazi ngaye, kodwa akazange alethe izinkinga eziningi. Ezincwadini zesayensi, okokuqala ukubikwa kwayo kuqala ngonyaka we-1819, lapho i-ejenti yokuhlaselwa kwesibazi - ukhunta i-Venturia inaequalis - yaqala ichazwa. Kwenye indawo ukusuka maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lesi sifo saqala ukusabalala futhi siletha ukulimala okubonakalayo ezingadini zezimboni ngobuningi bezinkundla zemithi ezinobuningi obufanayo.

Umenzeli obangela ukucwaswa ubeka amaqabunga awileyo nezithelo esigabeni se-pseudothecia (imizimba yezithelo ezingafakwanga). Ngokuqala kokukhula kwamahlumela amancane, umkhondo we-fungus uyahlakazeka. Izikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu zokutheleleka ukuvuvukala kwama-buds, ukugcwala kwamahlamvu, ukugeleza kwezimbali nokuwohloka kobuningi bezinkomo. Ngenxa yokuba khona kolwelwesi lwama-mucous, izinhlamvu zinamathiselwe engxenyeni engaphansi yamaqabunga esihlahla seapula futhi, lapho kukhona umswakama owanele, ziqhume kungqimba lwangaphandle lwesikhumba lwamaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane. Isigaba esilandelayo - esakhiwe - senzeka emavikini amabili ukuya amathathu, lapho isikhunta esiguqukele ku-conidia - spores esinganyakazi sokuzala kabusha - sibonisa amaqabunga omqhele futhi. Izinga lokushisa lika +18 ° C kuya ku-+20 ° C lihle kakhulu kule nqubo. Well ngalesi sikhathi, ukubukeka on the amaqabunga, amaqanda, amathiphu amahlumela amasha amabala umbala omnqumo okhanyayo, okuyinto brown lapho ikhula brown, ukuqhekeka.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sesibuko ukuvela kwamaqabunga amabala anemibala ekhanyayo yomnqumo, okuthi lapho ikhula, ibe nsundu, uqhekeke

Ngenxa yokwehlulwa, amaqabunga nama-ovari ayawa, kanti ukhunta uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka phezu kwawo, elele, esivele esazi ngathi, i-pseudothecia, ezobusika lapho kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Umjikelezo uvaliwe. Ehlobo, izinhlobo zesibazi ziqhekeze isikhumba, uphawu kanye nezindawo eziqinile, ezinamabala ansundu ansundu ezithelo. Ama-apula ayahlakazeka, mancane - ukukhula kwawo kuyayeka.

Ehlobo, phezu kwezithelo zesibazi kwakha imifantu yesikhumba, izimpawu kanye nezindawo ezilukhuni, ezinamabala ansundu

I-Scab ijwayelekile ezifundeni ezibonakaliswa ngamahlobo wemvula - izifunda ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga kanye nesifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus. Ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile, iqabunga lincane kakhulu.

Ungasusa kanjani isibazi esihlahleni sama-apula

Ukulwa nesibazi kudinga indlela ehlelekile. Kunezincomo ezijwayelekile eziningi, ezilandelayo ongavikela ngazo izihlahla zeapula kule nkinga:

• Ukutshala nokukhula izihlahla ezingama-apile ezingamelana nemithi. Lapho ukhetha inhlobonhlobo yesihlahla sama-apula esivikelekile kugqabha, kufanele wazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ingavikelekile kwezinye isikhunta. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zinganconywa ezindaweni ze-Middle Strip:
  • Ihlobo:
    • I-Orlovim;
    • I-Orlinka;
    • Isifiso.
  • I-Autumn:
    • Ilanga;
    • Zoryanka;
    • Iphayona le-Oryol.
  • Ubusika:
    • Pepin Oryol;
    • Ukutsha
    • Imant;
    • Kulikovskoe nabanye.
• Ukugwema ukufika kogqinsi. Izikhathi ezinconyelwe zezinhlobo ezithile kufanele zibhekwe. Zingasukela kumamitha ayi-0.8-1.2 wezihlahla ezincane zama-apula zize zifike kumamitha angama-6,6 uma izihlahla ezinde.
• Khipha ngaphandle kokutshala izihlahla zama-apula ezindaweni ezinemithunzi namaxhaphozi.

Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu besibanda esishiwo ngenhla, njalo yenza izindlela zokuvimbela ezidingekayo.

Enye yezinto ezashayiswa yisibazi yi-Honey Gold, kuwo wonke amaphuzu ayi-5. Okusho ukuthi, kubonakala ngokubonakalayo kuma-apula (ikakhulukazi amaqabunga). Nginolunye usizi - i-powdery hlobo. Babengakulungele - Br. UGolide, uBel. Simnandi, Pam. I-Lipunov, Pam. I-Ulyanischev. Kungcono kakhulu kokubhebhetheka kanye ne-powdery hlobo, i.e., amasosha omzimba ngokuphelele i-Imant (!!!), i-Williams Pride, iTopaz.

yri, Bryansk esifundeni

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Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yezenzo zentwasahlobo yokulwa nesibazi

Kuyizinyathelo zokuvikela nokuhlanzeka kwentwasahlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nalokhu ukhunta olimazayo. Baqala kubo ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuncipha nokuvuvukala kwezinso.

1. Uma amaqabunga awile nezithelo zihlale ekwindla, khona-ke ziyaqoqwa futhi zichithwe.
2. Emqheleni wesihlahla se-apula, ukuba khona kwezithelo ezihlanyisiwe futhi kungenzeka - kufanele zisuswe futhi zichithwe.
3. Yenza ukusika okulawulayo komqhele ngokususa amagatsha, wenze umqhele uqwebe.
4. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa ngama-pesticides anamandla:
   • Kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, sebenzisa i-DNOC;
   • Kweminye iminyaka, basebenzisa uNitrafen.
     

     Ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane

5. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, izihlahla zama-apula ziphathwa ngenye ye-fungicides (izidakamizwa zokulwa nezifo zokukhunta):
   • Chorus;
   • Ijubane;
   • Abiga Peak nabanye
6. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukwelashwa kwesibili kwenziwa ngokulungiselela okukhethiwe.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo emisebenzini yasehlobo ukulwa nephepha

Ehlobo, babheka kakhulu ukukhula kwesitshalo futhi, uma kunesidingo, bathathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Zingadingeka uma amaqabunga kanye / noma izithelo ezithintwe yisibanda ziqaphelekile. Kulokhu, izenzo zomgcini wegadi zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:

1. Hlola isihlahla ngokucophelela. Izithelo ezitholakele, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela athinteka yisibazi ziyasuswa futhi zichithwe.
2. Fafaza umqhele ngokulungiswa kweStrobi. Ukwelashwa kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala ukwelashwa nge-Fitosporin-M biofungicide ngokuhamba kwamaviki amabili, okungayeki kuze kuvunwe.
   

   I-Phytosporin ayimilutha

4. Ngasikhathi sinye nalokhu kwelashwa, ukwelashwa kwe-Whey kungasetshenziswa. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-bacterium e-lactic acid adla ku-fungus Venturia inaequalis futhi anciphise ngokumangazayo ubukhona bayo.
   

   I-Whey nayo isetshenziselwa ukulwa ne-scab.

5. Hlanza njalo ingadi yokhula.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yezenzo zekwindla yokulwa nesibanda

Izindlela zokuvimbela i-Autumn zibaluleke kakhulu empini yokulwa nesibanda nezinye izifo, kanye nezilokazane.

1. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, udinga ukuqoqa wonke amahlamvu awile, ukhula uwabhubhise. Imvamisa ziyashiswa, bese umlotha usetshenziswa kamuva njengomanyolo. Yenza okufanayo ngezithelo ezenziwe mummified ezisele esihlahleni sama-apula.
   

   Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, udinga ukuqoqa wonke amahlamvu awile

2. Ngemuva kokuba ukugeleza kwe-sap kuqediwe, isihlahla sama-apula sihlanjululwa ngokususa amahlumela owomile, onesifo futhi owonakalisiwe. Zishiswa nangamahlamvu.
3. Amagxolo ahlanzwa kusuka emaphethelweni lapho izinhlamvu zesikhunta zingabusika khona kusetshenziswa ibhulashi locingo.
4. Kimba ngokujulile inhlabathi yemibuthano yesiqu.
5. Inhlabathi nomqhele wesihlahla kufafazwa ngesisombululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid.
6. Amagatsha esiqu kanye namagatsha awugqinsi kwenziwa mhlophe ngesisombululo selamula esigaxekile ngokufakwa kwe-1% yethusi sulfate ne-PVA glue.
   

   Isiqu kanye namagatsha awugqinsi kuxutshwe nodaka luk lime

Izidakamizwa ezibalulekile ze-anti-scab

Ukulwa nesibalo, njengakwezinye izifo zokukhunta, asetshenziswa ama-fungicide. Lapho usebenza nabo udinga ukwazi ezinye izici:

• Amakhowe athuthukisa ukungazweli emithini ethile futhi ngemuva kokusebenzisa izikhathi ezintathu, imvamisa ukusebenza kahle kwehla ku-zero.
• Udinga ukunaka into esebenzayo yesidakamizwa - imvamisa izinto ezifanayo zivela ngaphansi kwamagama nemikhiqizo ehlukile.
• Ukulungiselela kunezikhathi ezihlukile zokulinda kuze kufike isikhathi esivumelekile sokudla izithelo. Ngaphambi kokuvuna, udinga ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinezikhathi zokulinda ezingezincane.

Ithebula: i-apple scab fungicides

Igalari yezithombe: i-apple scab fungicides

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-saltpeter ukulwa ne-scab

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-ammonia noma i-potrateum nitrate kuphatha nge-scab akukho kubi ukwedlula ukwelashwa nge-fungicides. Kulokhu, umuthi uvundiswa nge-nitrogen ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuvimbela, ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-0,3-3% se-nitrate kusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye (noma) ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ukugcotshwa kukhuphukela ku-10%.

I-Ammonium nitrate ingasetjenziswa ukulwa necabha

Ukufingqa, ngifuna ukuveza umbono wami ngokusekelwe kulwazi lomuntu siqu. Ngizocacisa, ingadi yami yezithelo itholakala empumalanga ye-Ukraine. Sikuthole eminyakeni emibili edlule sisesimweni esingesihle. Kubandakanya amanye ama-aphula kanye namapheya ayegula ngesibanda. Into yokuqala esiqale ngayo ukuhlanza ingadi, kuqiniswa nokunciphiswa kwemiqhele eqinile. Bekumele ngikwenze ngezigaba, ngoba bekubaningi kakhulu amagatsha angadingekile. Ngingumcwaningi wokuvimbela, futhi ungazami ukuletha ekwelashweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqoqwa nokushiswa kwamaqabunga awileyo, ukumba ngokuzungeza iziqu zezihlahla, izihlahla ezivulekile, ukufaka amabhande okuzingela - angikaze ngiphuthelwe yile micimbi. Ngizama ukungasebenzisi kabi izindlela zokwelapha. Qiniseka ukuthi ufafaza imiqhele yemithi yama-apula kanye namapheya ngesisombululo esingu-5% we-iron sulfate ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngikholwa ukuthi lokhu akugcini nje ngokufaka isandla ekuvinjelweni kwezifo zokukhunta (kufaka phakathi uqweqwe), kepha futhi kuqeda nokusilela kwensimbi ezitshalweni. Futhi ubaba wangifundisa kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuthi insimbi yezihlahla zama-apula iyona nto esemqoka. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, qiniseka ukusebenzisa i-sulfate yethusi neNitrafen. Manje maphakathi no-Ephreli - ukwelashwa kukaHorus kuhlelwe kusasa - lesi isidakamizwa sami esiyintandokazi se-antifungal ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Omunye umuthi engihlala ngiwusebenzisa kuyo yonke inkathi yazo zonke izitshalo yiFitosporin-M. Lokhu kulungiselela ngempumelelo yemvelo futhi angisebenzisi okunye ngaphandle kwesidingo esiphuthumayo. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka, ngisebenzisa uStrobi. Ngingasho nje ukuthi eminyakeni emibili ngayiqeda imbiba nezinye izifo egazini.

Abalimi abadingida ngale nkinga

Ngikwazile ukuqeda isigaxa esiphakathi (ukutheleleka bekuqinile) ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesikhathi esisodwa nengxube yeBordeaux ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa. Futhi ungakhohlwa umuntu wakuleli ozungezile. Kuyiqiniso, okuningi kuya ngosayizi wesihlahla se-apula, noma ngabe ungayifafaza yonke indlela kuze kufike enhloko. Kwakufanele ngikwenze lokhu ngivela esitebhisini. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngezindlela zokuphepha, ukuze ungazifafazi - umck namanje. Ngemuva kokucubungula umkhondo wesibazi, akukho ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa.

IVitat Moscow

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Ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa ezivimbelayo, ukucaciswa komqhele nokuhlanzwa kwezihlahla ezizungeze isihlahla kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ilanga nomoya, ngamafuphi, izindlela zokuhlanzeka :)

erdel Saint Petersburg

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Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ekulweni nesigaxa, ukubola kwezithelo nosayizi omncane wama-apula kunikeza ukukhanya okuqinile komqhele ngokusika inani elikhulu lamagatsha kuwo wonke amasekhondi. Lapho ngithenga le nsimu, amagatsha asakazeka acishe awela phansi, umniniyo owayesekhulile wayengadli iminyaka emihlanu. Ama-apula ayemancane ngesibazi. Ngemuva kokuthena okuhle (futhi yizinkuni ezingakanani zosozoso!), Ngonyaka olandelayo ama-apula aba mkhulu futhi ngaphandle kokubaba. Kwakunzima ngezihlahla zama-apula ezitshalwe phakathi kwezakhiwo. Eminyakeni yeqhwa banda kahle, kepha izithelo zibola ngokuqinile. Kwakufanele ngiphinde ngiyinqume ngokuqinile futhi ngasikhathi sinye izihlahla ezingama-apula ezingomakhelwane ngesivumelwano (ngine-chainsaw). Kunomoya omningi nokukhanya. Ngiyethemba ngomphumela omuhle kulo nyaka.

URulaman Kazan

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Njalo entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngisebenza nge-vitriol kungaphansi kwama-5%, ezindaweni zokucutshungulwa kwebala kuqalile. Futhi-ke, izihlahla, sikhanyisa kakhulu umqhele ekupheleni kobusika. Omunye wemisebenzi engiyithandayo. Ekugcineni, angikwazanga ukususa ibala, kuhlala endaweni ephakeme lapho ngingakwazi ukuluthola, kepha ngokuvamile ngithanda umphumela. Apula asebekhulile, abola kancane.

I-Eva3712 Moscow

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Ividiyo: ungabhekana kanjani nesibanda esihlahleni se-apula

Vele, isibazi yisifo esingajabulisi sesihlahla se-apula. Kepha, usebenzisa izidakamizwa zesimanje, futhi esebenza njalo nezindlela zokuvimbela nezokwelapha ezidingekayo, lowo osebenza engadini uyakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga.