Amahlamvu okusajingijolo atshalwe kuso sonke isakhiwo sendlu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, iphunga eliyingqayizivele le-raspberry nokunambitheka okumnandi kuhlotshaniswa nelanga elithambile lasehlobo nesikhathi esihle sokuzilibazisa kwangaphandle. Futhi uma, ngaphezu kwama-raspberries ajwayelekile, ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlanyekayo engadini kungenzeka, ungakujabulela amajikijolo kuze kube yilapho kuneqhwa! Izinhlobonhlobo zePolka zithandwa ikakhulukazi; akunakusizathu sokuthi ibizwa ngokuthi intandokazi yabalimi.
Umlando okhulayo
Ukulungisa okusajingijolo Polka - impumelelo yokukhethwa kwePoland. Izinhlobonhlobo lezi zatholwa uJan Danek ngonyaka ka-1993 e-Institute of Horticulture kanye neFloriculture eBrzezn ngokungcoliswa kwe-Otm Bliss kanye no-P89141. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, yethulwe ngonyaka we-2003 embukisweni wamazwe omhlaba iFruit Focus eBerlin. Kusukela lapho, uPolka ubengumholi phakathi kokulungisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimboni ePoland, UK nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.
Okusajingijolo Polka owabelwe abalimi basePoland futhi ingxenye yesine yekhulu uthola isikhundla esiphambili emakethe yama-berry
Incazelo yebanga
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe eziphakathi nendawo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Isikhathi sokuzala sithathe isikhathi eside, cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Izakhamizi zasehlobo, zishiya ingxenye yamahlumela yonyaka olandelayo, ngenxa yokuvunwa okuphindwe kabili, zinethuba lokujabulela ama-raspberries amnandi kusuka ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya sekwephuzile. Ngezimboni zezimboni, ukuze zingalayishi kakhulu izitshalo, wonke amahlahla asikwa futhi kuvunwe kuphela isivuno esikhulu. Amajikijolo afika emakethe lapho izinhlobo eziningi sezivele zivundile. Lokhu akugcini ngokuhlinzeka abathengi ngemikhiqizo emisha yamavithamini, kepha futhi nokuletha inzuzo enhle kumlimi.
Isikhathi eside sokufaka izithelo sikuvumela ukuthi uvune inani elirekhodiwe lesivuno
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile, i-remont raspberry iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala. Ukuvunwa kungavunwa kabili ngesizini, ngoba akugcini ngokubandakanyeka kuphela, kodwa futhi amahlumela waminyaka yonke athela izithelo.
Isici se-remont raspberries yikhono lokuvuthwa ngisho nokuqalwa kwesithwathwa. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, kuyisimangaliso ngempela lesi: amajikijolo ePolka, noma awela ngaphansi kwesithwathwa esincane sika-1-2 ° C, avuthwe, naphezu kokuphikiswa yiqhwa okuphansi kwezinhlobonhlobo. Abalimi bahehwa futhi nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, uma kuqhathaniswa neHercules, iPolana Polka iyintandokazi esobala. Isivuno esijwayelekile singama-3.5 kg m2, kepha izinkomba zingaphezulu kakhulu: eNgilandi, amathani ayi-12 amajikijolo, amakhulu, amahle, aqokelelwa kusuka ehektheleni eli-1. Kodwa inzuzo eyinhloko ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-raspberry Polka, okubangela i-boom yangempela.
Ama-polka amajikijolo amahle, anepulpiti eliminyene elinoshukela nokunambitheka kophudingi
Enye inzuzo yalokhu kwekulungiswa okuhlukahlukene ukuthi akukho majikijolo anesibungu esihlahleni. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho indiza yezinambuzane eziyingozi iphelela, futhi ibhungane le-raspberry lishiya inhlabathi ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.
Izici ze-raspberry Polka
Lesi isihlahla esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo esingadluli ku-2 m ukuphakama. Iziqu zikhula ziqonde, zinamandla, zinomgogodla obizwe buthaka. Isihlahla esitebekile esinohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande aluxoki ngisho nangaphansi kwesisindo samajikijolo avuthiwe, esikuvumela ukuba ukwenze ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okwengeziwe. Ukwakheka kokudutshulwa kungokwesilinganiso, isithombo esisodwa sifinyelela ezinganeni eziyi-10 zezimpande, ezingasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izinhlobo. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwama-raspberries ajwayelekile kuyisilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokuqothuka, ngenxa yesakhiwo sempande, ukuze izitshalo zingagcwalisi yonke indawo.
I-raspberry Polka ikhula ngesimo sesihlahla esinamandla esingu-1.5-1.8 m ukuphakama
Izithelo ezibomvu ezicwebezelayo ezibomvu ezine-pubescence encane ziqoqwa emabhulashini izingcezu eziyi-7-10. Amajikijolo atholakala ngesimo, muhle, makhulu, afinyelela ku-3 cm ubude, nesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-10-12 g, kanye nesisindo esiphezulu sama-g 15. Amnandi kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okunoshukela noshukela. I-Unobtrusive, ukukhanya, ubumnandi obujabulisayo nephunga le-raspberry elishiwoyo ligcizelela ukunambitheka okuhlukile kwezinhlobonhlobo. I-Drupe incane, ipulpiti inamanzi, ayigqinsi, ayinamanzi, ayinamakha isikhathi eside, okuvumela ukulondolozwa kwamajikijolo ngemuva kokuqoqwa nokuhamba.
Amajikijolo aqoqwe ngebhulashi lezingcezu eziyi-7 000, okunengi okunengi
Ama-raspberry akhula kahle kokubili endaweni evulekile neyivaliwe. Ekuqaleni kwesizini, amahlumela akhula kusuka ku-rhizome, lapho ukwakheka kwezithelo kuqala khona. I-Polka ingesinye sokuqala ukuvuthwa emagatsheni wonyaka - izithelo zivela emavikini amabili ngaphambili kweGugu le-cv.
I-Polka ikhula kahle futhi ithela izithelo emhlabathini ovulekile nangaphansi kokuphephela kwefilimu
Ukumelana neqhwa kuphansi, kuyadingeka ukumboza iziqu zobusika. Kodwa-ke, lapho ngquma izingxenye zezindiza, indawo yokuhlala ayidingekile. I-Polka ayinakuwohloka ukubola okungwevu - isifo esivamile sama-raspberries, kanti nesikhala sesicabucabu asesabi nakho.
Amajikijolo amakhulu we-polka avuthwa ngokushesha kunezinye izinhlobo zokulungisa
Phakathi kobuthakathaka, ukubekezelela okungekuhle kokushisa okwedlulele kufanele kuphawulwe. Elangeni, lapho umoya ufudumala ngaphezu kuka-35 ° C, isihlahla siqala ukoma, amajikijolo ayabhakwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo futhi zinqunyelwe ukubola kwezimpande, umdlavuza wezimpande kanye ne-verticillium wilt. Izindlela zokuvimbela ngesikhathi kanye nokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuzosiza ukugwema izifo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo
Izici Zokufika
Ngemuva kokudala izimo ezintofontofo zePolka kucatshangelwa izici zayo, kungenzeka ukwandisa umkhiqizo.
Indawo ekahle okusajingijolo
Ama-raspberries wokulungisa kufanele abekwe ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kungabambezela kakhulu ukuvuthwa, kunciphise ukukhiqizwa futhi kuphazamise ukunambitheka kwezithelo.
Isipele kufanele sitholakale esizeni, iningi losuku likhanywa yilanga
Ezindaweni eziphakathi nezasenyakatho, izihlahla zitshalelwa ohlangothini oluseningizimu yendawo, zivikelwe emoyeni obandayo ngocingo, uthango noma izakhiwo zasepulazini. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, kufakwa iqhwa ebusika, kumboze kahle ama-rhizomes ama-raspberry, futhi lapho kufika intwasahlobo kuncibilika ngokushesha bese inhlabathi ifudumala ngaphambili.
Ukwazi ukuthi iPolka isengozini yezifo zohlelo lwezimpande, umuntu kufanele agweme izindawo ezinamanzi amancane noma izindawo lapho kusondela khona amanzi asemhlabathini. Ukujula okuphelele kwezendlalelo zamanzi kungamamitha ayi-1.5. Ukutshala amajikijolo nasemagqumeni kuyinto engathandeki: ebusika obubandayo, iqhwa liyaqhuma futhi umhlaba udalulwe, bese ehlobo izitshalo ziba nesomiso.
Amajikijolo atshalwe endaweni evikelwe umoya: eceleni kocingo noma eduze kwezichibi
Okusajingijolo ungakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlaba, kepha ukhetha i-loams noma inhlabathi enesihlabathi esingcolile enezinga eliphansi le-acidity. Amabhasi agxila enhlabathini yobumba, noma kunjalo, kuzoba namajikijolo ambalwa kakhulu. Ukwenza inhlabathi inyanyeke futhi ilula, mane engeza isihlabathi (10 kg m2). Ukuze wandise ukuzala kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi wethule imithamo eminingi yomanyolo futhi wenze ukuthambisa okuningi. Unganciphisa i-acidity usebenzisa i-lime (500 g m2), eyenzelwe ukumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Amajikijolo azoba kakhulu uma ukhula iPolka enhlabathini evundile evundile.
Umbhali wale migqa ubheka ngokushintshana kwezitshalo futhi uzama ukungatshali ama-raspberries ngemuva kwamazambane, utamatisi kanye nesitrobheli. Ngivame ukubeka amabhele esakhiweni lapho ngesizini edlule ngikhulise khona utshani bokusanhlamvu, uphizi, ubhontshisi noma ithanga nge-zucchini. Amajikijolo abuyela endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4-5.
Okusajingijolo ukhula kahle eduze kwezihlahla ze-currant ebomvu, i-blackberry, izihlahla zezithelo (amakherubhi, izihlahla zama-apula), izitshalo zemifino (izaqathe, ukhukhamba) futhi ayibekezeleli indawo yangomakhelwane nangamagilebhisi olwandle, asebenza kuwo ngokudabukisa.
Hambisana kahle ngesakhiwo se-raspberry ne-blackberry
Isikhathi sokufika
Izihlahla ezinohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande ziqala kahle ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube ukuqhakaza kuqhuma. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvuna ngeke kube okuphana kakhulu, ngoba wonke amandla esitshalo asetshenziswa ekwakheni uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nokwakheka kokudubula. Ngakho-ke, ukufika ekwindla kusathandeka. Kepha kufanele kwenziwe amasonto angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa kwenhlabathi, ukuze izithombo zibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande, zijwayele indawo entsha futhi ziqine ngaphambi kobusika.
Izitshalo zezitsha ezitshalwe ngokudluliselwa ngenhlama enkulu yomhlaba zijwayela kalula futhi ngokushesha endaweni entsha, ngakho-ke ukutshala kwazo kungenzeka entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla.
Izithombo zesithombo se-raspberry zingatshalwa isizini yonke
Ukukhetha izinto zokutshala
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezindaweni zokugcina ezinedumela elihle noma izikhungo zegadi. Isitshalo ngasinye sinethegi enegama lezinhlobonhlobo, ubudala kanye nememo emfushane ngemithetho yokutshala nokunakekela. Lapho ukhetha izithombo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekubukekeni kwazo. Amahlumela kufanele avumelane nezimo, acishe abe ngu-1 cm, abe namagxolo abushelelezi angenabala. Uhlelo lwempande le-fibrous kufanele lube luswakama, lukhule kahle futhi lube nezimpande ezingama-2-3 ubude obungama-10 cm. Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezomile noma ezaphukile akufanele zithathwe - akunakwenzeka ukuthi zithole izimpande.
Izithombo ze-raspberry kufanele zibe nesistimu yezimpande e-fibrous enezimpande ezimhlophe
Inketho enhle ukuthenga izithombo zemihlume eneminyaka emibili ubudala. Banesistimu enezimpande eyakhiwe kahle futhi bazodlulisa kalula ukufakelwa.
Imvamisa ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezithombo kwenzeka ekupheleni kwesizini, lapho isithwathwa sesizofika. Isikhathi sesiside kakhulu sokutshala izitshalo futhi, ukuze sizilondoloze kuze kube sentwasahlobo, zifakwa kwi-prikop. Bemba umgodi ojulile ngo-15 cm esivandeni, okwenza uhlangothi olulodwa luthambekele. Izithombo zifakwa kuso, zifafazwe ngomhlaba futhi zihlanganiswe ukuze umoya obandayo ungangeni ezimpandeni. Phezulu embozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce ukuvikela kumagundane.
Izitshalo zigcinwa kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo ku-prikop
Izingwe ezivuthayo
Amaviki ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala, lungiselela isigaba ngaphansi kwesipele. Bemba umhlaba, bakhetha ukhula futhi, ukuze bandise ukuzala, bagcwalisa nge-humus (amabhakede ama-2 m2) ngokufakwa komanyolo weKemir universal (70 g m2) noma i-superphosphate (50 g) nosawoti we-potassium (30 g m2), ongathathelwa indawo ngomlotha (300 g). I-lime (500 g / m2) kumele ifakwe enhlabathini ene-asidi.
Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ivundiswa nge-humus, isihlabathi singezelelwa emhlabathini osindayo ukuze ukhululeke
Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezilandelanayo noma ezihlahleni zokutshala ama-raspberries. Ngendlela emgqeni, bagaya imisele engama-50x45 cm futhi batshala izitshalo kubo buqhelelene ngamasentimitha angama-70 ukusuka komunye nomunye, kusale u-1.5-2 m phakathi kwemigqa. Ukutshala okunjalo kunomthelela ekukhanyiseni okuhle nasekuphefumuleni kwama-raspberries, kulula ukunakekela nokuvuna. Ukwakha amajikijolo avela ezihlahleni ezihlukile, bamba izimbobo ezingama-60 cm ububanzi kuze kube ngama-45 cm bese utshala izithombo ezi-2 inye. Shiya okungenani ama-70 cm phakathi kwemigodi, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izihlahla zizokhula kakhulu.
Ngendlela eqondile yokutshala ama-raspberries endaweni, bamba umsele ojulile ongama-45 cm
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo zicwilisa amahora amabili kusisombululo se-biostimulant (Kornevina, Heteroauxin). I-Fundazole fungicide (1 g 1 l) ingafakwa ku-ketshezi ukuvikela ukubola kwezimpande. Izitshalo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zigcinwa esixazululweni kuze kube yilapho ithambo lobumba lithamba.
Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Phansi komsele noma umgodi, ingxenye yenhlabathi evundile ithululelwa ngesimo se-knoll.
- Isithombo sibekwa phezu kwayo, isabalalisa izimpande ngokulinganayo. Isitshalo se-container sidluliselwa kanye nenhlama yenhlabathi.
I-Fomsoms yehliselwa emgodini wokufika futhi izimpande ziqonde
- Balala ngomhlabathi, bashiye intamo yezimpande ivulekile.
Isithombo esitshaliwe sifafazwe nomhlaba, sishiya intamo yezimpande ivulekile
- Ihlanganiswe ukuze umhlaba uhlangane kahle nezimpande.
- Kwakhiwa isigaxa esizungeze isihlahla bese kungeniswa uhhafu wamabhakede wamanzi kuwo.
Ngemuva kokutshala emgodini owenziwe eduze kwesithombo, amalitha amahlanu amanzi
- Mboza indawo yezimpande ngotshani noma ngenye impahla.
- Sika amahlumela ukuphakama okungama-40 cm kusuka emhlabathini.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lisalele esizeni, ngimboza okusajingijolo ngentambo yepulasitiki emnyama. Umbala omnyama uheha imisebe yelanga, ngaphansi kwendawo enjalo iqhwa liyancibilika ngokushesha, umhlaba uyafudumala kahle futhi inqubo yezimila zezitshalo iqala kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Video: okusajingijolo ukuwa ukutshala
Ukunakekela raspberries
I-Polka ebanga ukulungiswa ifuneka kakhulu kune-raspberries ejwayelekile yezimo ezikhulayo.
Ukunisela nokukhulula
Isiko lidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Ukushisa okukhulu nesomiso kuthinta kabi ukwakheka kwengane nokukhiqizwa okuphelele. Kukhanya kwelanga, amajikijolo abhakwa, alimele, izihlahla ziyabuna. Umswakama omuhle womhlabathi wokukhula kwe-raspberry ekujuleni kwama-20-30 cm cishe ngama-80%. Uma okuqukethwe kwenhlabathi komswakama kuncishiswa kube ngama-65%, izihlahla kumele ziniselwe kanye ngesonto, zichitha ibhakede lamanzi esihlahleni. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini, uma kungekho imvula, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuchelela amanzi, ngenkathi usebenzisa amabhakede ama-2 ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Ngokuchelela okuvamile, amahlamvu ayoba aluhlaza okhanyayo, futhi amajikijolo aqhamile
Kodwa-ke, ukuthambisa ngokweqile kuyingozi kwiPolka. Ukumiswa kwamanzi enhlabathini kungadala ukunikezwa komoya ophelele ezimpandeni, kuphuzi iziqongo zezitshalo. Kulokhu, yeka ukuchelela ukhulule umhlaba uzungeze isihlahla.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokufudumeza i-berry: ukufafaza, ukunisela ngase-grooves kanye ne-Drip irrigation. Ukufafaza amanzi ngesimo samaconsi kuyenziwa kusetshenziswa i-hose enesifutho noma izitshalo zemvula. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kangcono kwisimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo: ikuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokugcwalisa amaqabunga, amahlumela, inhlabathi ngomswakama, kepha futhi ukwandisa umswakama womoya. Kepha ukufafaza akusetshenziswa ngenkathi kuvuthwa amajikijolo, ukuze angabi omuncu. Lapho unisela ngemifantu, amanzi athululelwa ezitsheni ezenziwa emzileni noma eduze kwesihlahla, futhi ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, kumele zigcwaliswe.
Ngokufafaza amanzi ngaphezulu kwesihlahla se-raspberry, awukwazi nje ukumanzisa amaqabunga kanye nomhlabathi, kodwa futhi nokwandisa umswakama womoya
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokufudumala i-berry ukunisela ngenkasa. Amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi anikezwa ngamapayipi abekwe eceleni kwemigqa yama-raspberries, futhi ngokusebenzisa ama-dispensers ahanjiswa ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umswakama odingekayo ugcinwa njalo ungqimba lomhlabathi futhi umkhiqizo ukhuphuke ngo-30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchelela ngokudonsa ngemishini kudonsa ngokugcwele futhi kusiza kakhulu umsebenzi wabalimi abakhula raspberries ezindaweni ezinkulu.
I-Drip irrigation ye-raspberries yenziwa kusetshenziswa amapayipi abekwe eceleni kwemigqa yezitshalo
Inhlabathi enomswakama kufanele idedelwe ukuze ukungasebenzi komhlaba kungenzeki. Ukuvula kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayisikhombisa, ukuzama ukungathinti izimpande zefayibha ezisondele ebusweni. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukumboza indawo yezimpande nge-mulch. I-mulching isiza ukugcina umhlabathi umswakama, obaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinemvula enganele noma ngokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Njengoba kusetshenziswa impahla eyenziwe nge-mulching, utshani, amagxolo, imvuthuluka yommbila echobozekile, ama-anyanisi husks, ama-humus asetshenziswa.
Isendlalelo se-mulch sithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, sikhulise ukuvunda kwaso futhi sigcine umswakama, bese ebusika sivikela izimpande ku-hypothermia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mulch ivimbela ukwanda kwezinambuzane eziyingozi. Izimpande okusajingijolo zivame ukulinyazwa yizinsikazi zalo bhungane, kodwa ngemuva kokuncibilikisa azikwazi ukungena ungqimba lwotshani noma amagxolo emhlabathini ukubeka izibungu lapho.
Ukusabalala kwe-mulch kuzungeze izihlahla kusiza ukugcina umswakama futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi
Umsoco olinganiselayo
Ukulungiswa kwama-raspberries kudinga izakhamzimba eziningi. Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela kungenqunywa ngokubukeka okuguquliwe kwezitshalo. I-Lag ekukhuleni, ukuphuza amaqabunga kukhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen; umbala omnyama okhanyayo omnyama wamahlamvu kanye nezimpande ezibuthakathaka ziyisibonakaliso sokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, ipuleti leqabunga elinama-curly nokuvela komphetho omnyama eceleni komngcele kuyizimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-potassium.
Ukushoda kwe-nitrogen kungadala i-raspberry chlorosis
Amakati amancanyana ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula adinga ukugqokwa kwe-nitrogen ephezulu. Entwasahlobo, i-urea (30 g / m2) ihlakazeka endaweni yezimpande.Uma ukukhula kwehlumela kungekukhulu ngokwanele, ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2 bayaphinda baphinde bondle. Esikhundleni semanyolo wamaminerali, ungasebenzisa i-organic organic: dambisa ama-mullein noma amaconsi enkukhu ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10 ne-20: 20 futhi ungeze no-200 ml wesisombululo sezakhi ezimbizeni. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuqukethe i-nitrogen kubangela ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi, okuyinto ama-raspberries angayithandi. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokusebenzisa umanyolo onjalo, kusiza ukufafaza inhlabathi eduze kwempande ngo-200 g womlotha.
Umquba owengeziwe
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwama-raspberries we-remont lubucayi kakhulu kwi-chlorine, ukuba khona kwalesi sici kumanyolo we-potash kungadala i-shrub chlorosis. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela i-Chlorine-free form.
Lapho nje amajikijolo eqala ukubonakala, kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo ngesisombululo seNitrofoski (60 g 10 l), Kemira (50 g 10 l) noma umanyolo owomile uBerry (50 g m2) enhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini, ama-raspberries adliwe ngokwakhiwa kwe-phosphorus-potassium (90 g m2) ukubuyisa amandla. Umanyolo we-organic Biohumus uphulukisa futhi uthuthukise ukuzala kwenhlabathi, isisombululo sawo (60 ml 10 l) sisetshenziswa kanye ngenyanga ngaphansi kwempande noma sifafazwe ngesihlahla.
Umanyolo we-Organic Biohumus usheshisa ukuqhakaza izimbali nezithelo, kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo
Ngisebenzisa i-infusions ye-nettle ne-anyanisi ikhasi njengesengezo se-organic. Ngithela amanzi emgqonyeni wezihlahla ezinezinhlamvu eziqoshiwe, ngivale isivimbo bese ngima isonto lonke. Ngihlunga uketshezi, ngiwushuthele ngamanzi u-10: 10 ngivundise ama-raspberry, ngichitha imbiza eyi-litre esigangeni. Ngifaka i-anyanisi ikhasi (500 g 10 l) izinsuku eziyi-10 bese ngiyayihluza namanzi. Ama-infusions anjalo awenzi nje kuphela ukushoda kwezinto zomkhondo emhlabathini, kodwa futhi kuxosha izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Izimbabazane zibekwa emgqonyeni futhi zigcwele amanzi, ukumnika okunempilo kuzobe kulungele ngesonto
Ukutshala kweTrellis
Amabhasi aqinile akhula ngokuqinile wePolka akadingi ukuxhaswa okwengeziwe. Kodwa ukwembula amandla aphelele ama-raspberries, kungakuhle ukuwukhulisa ku-trellis. Ngaphandle kokulungisa amahlumela ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo noma umoya onamandla, ngingalala phansi, ukungena kokukhanya kumagatsha amajikijolo kuya kuba nzima, futhi nokufinyelela ezinkulwini kuba nzima.
Ungamane ubophe isihlahla esisodwa esikhonkwaneni esiqhutshwa emhlabathini. Uma ama-raspberry atshalwe ngendlela eqondile, kumbiwa ngokulandelana zonke izinsika ezi-3 m zidonsa intambo ukuphakama okungama-50 cm nama-1 m namahlumela ahleliwe.
Lapho ama-raspberries etshalwe ku-trellis, ehlathini ayakhanyiswa kangcono futhi anomoya omncane.
Noma ezinhlangothini zombili zezihlahla, kufakwa izikhonkwane futhi ezindaweni eziphakeme zibopha amanye amagatsha esitshalo esisodwa nengxenye yomakhelwane wawo. Inzuzo yendlela ecijeke fan iwukuphucula ukufinyeleleka komoya nokukhanya kwelanga emiceni emincane, emile ngokuthe nkqo. Kodwa-ke, ezivandeni i-garter enjalo isetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu.
Ividiyo: Isando se-raspberry
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Izinhlobonhlobo, ezinokumelana nesithwathwa esiphansi, zingaba yiqhwa kuqhwa olunamandla, ikakhulukazi ebusika obungenalo iqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kwesizini, amajikijolo kufanele alungiselelwe ubusika. Zonke iziqu ziguqiwe ngokuphelele, kuthi ngemuva kokuna, zimboze indawo yezimpande nge-mulch: humus, peat kanye notshani.
Uma ngesizini ezayo bahlela ukuthola isivuno kabili, kususwa amahlumela aneminyaka emibili kuphela, bese kuthi ngonyaka kubhekwe phansi, kucindezelwe ngamabhodi noma kuboshelwe kuma-arcs afakwe eduze kwezihlahla, kumbozwe nge-agrofibre kusuka phezulu.
Ngaphambi kokubandwa, amahlumela waminyaka yonke agobile emhlabathini futhi ambozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
Ukuthena ama-raspberries akhumbuzayo yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekelwa. Ngemuva kokutshala izithelo ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, wonke amahlumela asikiwe, kusale iziqu ezintathu zamasentimitha. Ukuthena i-Autumn akugcini nje ngokuba nomthelela omuhle ezitshalweni zesikhathi esizayo, kepha futhi kuvikela isivuno ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ezingabusika ebangeni.
Ukulungisa ama-raspberries ngokuphelele asikwe ekwindla
Kungasuswa kuphela amahlumela amadala, ashiye abancane. Kulokhu, ama-ovaries wezithelo zesizini elilandelayo azoba okokuqala eminyakeni emibili, bese kuba ngamagatsha anonyaka owodwa, kepha isivuno siyobe siphansi futhi amajikijolo abe mancane kunalawo aqhakaza izithelo zasehlobo.
Lapho uhlela ukuvuna kabili, kususwa amahlumela aneminyaka emibili kuphela ekwindla, bese kuthi ngonyaka kubekelwe indawo ebusika
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, hlola ngokucophelela isihlahla esibhalwe phansi bese ususa amagatsha aqandisiwe noma aphukile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukujwayela ihlumela, okuthatha izakhi eziningi, futhi kungashiyi amagatsha angaphezu kuka-7- 7 esihlahleni.
NgoMeyi, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, iziqalo zeziqu zifinyezwa ngo-15 cm, onomphumela omuhle ekukhiqizeni. Ukuncipha amahlumela ngosuku olulandelayo kungabambezela ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
Izihlahla nokulungiselela ubusika
Ukusakazwa kwesiko
Ungasabalalisa okuhlukahlukene kwe-Polka ngembewu nangezindlela zokuhlakulela imifino. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyweni yinde futhi ithatha isikhathi, ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhethwa kokuzalela.
Amajikijolo asatshalaliswa lula kakhulu ngokusika okuluhlaza. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amahlumela amasha anobude obungadluli ku-5 cm ayanqunywa futhi atshalwe ekhoneni elingama-45 degree kwisithombo sembewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Endaweni efudumele enomswakama, ukusika kuzokhula emasontweni amabili. Kufanele ondliwe ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi futhi atshalwe emhlabathini ongavikelekile wokukhula ngesonto. Futhi kuphela ekupheleni kwesizini, izithombo ezivuthiwe nezikhulile zidluliselwa endaweni eyiyo.
Amajikijolo asatshalaliswa kahle ngokusikwa okuluhlaza nokulimala
Ama-raspberries akhuphukile kanye nokusikwa kwezimpande. Ekwindla, bamba izimpande, uzinqume zibe izingcezu zamasentimitha ayi-10 bese ubatshala engadini. Moisturize, amboze nge ungqimba semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla, bese usakaza amagatsha esihlahla se-spruce ngaphezulu. Entwasahlobo, lapho nje iqhwa lincibilika, amagatsha e-spruce asuswa. Indawo imbozwe ngefilimu kuze kuvele amahlumela aluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, ukuthambisa nokugqoka okuphezulu kwamahlumela akhulayo kuyenziwa, kuthi ekwindla atshalwe kuma-raspberries.
Okusajingijolo okusakazeka kalula ngokusika kwezimpande: izinga lokusinda kwabo lingama-80%
Kulula ukusabalalisa izinhlobonhlobo nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Isihlahla esimbiwe kanye nezimpande sihlukaniswe izingxenye futhi sitshalwe kwizimbobo ezihlukile. Ngemuva kokunisela, iziqongo zamagatsha zisikwa ukuze zakhe amahlumela agxile ekuhambeni.
Ividiyo: ukukhiqizwa kwezimpande ze-raspberry okuyi-remont
Izifo Nokuvimbela Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane azivame ukuthelela ama-raspberries e-remont, njengoba ngesikhathi sokuphela kwesikhathi sehlobo sifinyelela impilo esebenzayo yezinambuzane eziningi sezivele zaphela. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nokubola okungwevu - isifo esiyingozi sokukhunta esivame ukuthinta ukutshala okusajingijolo futhi siholele ekulahlekelweni kwesitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, iShelf ingakhula izifo zohlelo lwezimpande. Ukubulala amagciwane izinto zokutshala nokwenza izinto ngesikhathi sokukhula kuzosiza ukuvikela ukukhula kwezifo.
Ithebula: Isifo se-raspberry
| Isifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Ukwelashwa |
| Umdlavuza womsuka | Amagciwane we-patathogenic, asemhlabathini noma ezintweni zokutshala, asakazeka ngokushesha esimweni sezulu esomile. Lesi sifo sithinta izingxenye nezimpande zesiqu. Ama-tumors amafomu ezimpandeni, izitshalo ziba buthakathaka, zikhula kabi, isivuno siyancipha, amajikijolo awekho mnandi. |
|
|
| I-Verticillus wilting | Izimpawu zenzeka maphakathi nehlobo: amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, omile futhi awe, amajikijolo aba mancane, omile futhi anganambitheki. Amagxolo eziqubeni ayaqhekeka, izihloko zamahlumela ziyabola. Kulokhu, impande ihlala isebenza. |
|
|
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Ezimweni zomswakama ophakeme, amahlumela ayabuna, lapho isisekelo simbozwa izindawo ezimnyama, kugoba, amaqabunga aba bomvu. Izinkuni ngaphansi kwegxolo ziphenduka nsundu-zimnyama. Izimpande okusajingijolo ziba nsundu zibole. |
|
|
Igalari yezithombe: izimpawu zesifo
- Isibonakaliso somdlavuza wezimpande ukwakhiwa kwesimila ezimpandeni
- I-Verticillin wilt ibangela i-yellowing kanye nokushiswa kwamahlamvu
- Izimpande ezithintwe izimpande zibola mnyama futhi zibole
Ithebula: Izilokazane eziyizipele eziyinhloko
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Izinyathelo |
| Chafer | Abantu abadala ngesikhathi sendiza enkulu, ehambelana nesikhathi sezimbali, balimaza izihluma futhi badle amaqabunga. I-larvae gnaw ezimpandeni zama-raspberries, okuholela ekufeni kwejikijolo. |
| Entwasahlobo, fafaza izihlahla ngesixazululo se-Confidor Maxi (1 g 10 l), Antichrush (20 ml 10 l). |
| Isiphuzo sethawula | Izimbungulu zemfene zihlasela isihlahla se-raspberry ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zilimaza ukuqunjelwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kuncipha, futhi umkhiqizo uyancipha. Ama-pest hibernates ngaphansi komdaka wesitshalo nakuzo iziqu ezindala. |
| Ukwelapha izihlahla kuze kube yilapho izinso zivuvukala ngamakhambi we-lime (1 kg 10 l), Detoil (100 g 10 l), 1% DDT emulsion. |
| Ama-aphid | Entwasahlobo, kwisimo sezulu esomile esifudumele, ama-aphid ahlala emahlumela, ukungaphansi kwamaqabunga bese kumunca ujusi wohlaza obusha. Amahlamvu athintekile ayaba, ayomile, ama-buds awavuli, ama-ovari wezithelo awakheki. |
|
|
Igalari Yezithombe: Izinambuzane Ezilimaza Izinambuzane
- I-Cockchafer idla imifino enoshukela
- I-Raspberry Moth iyathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlala kahle nezingalungiswa
- Ama-aphid asakazeka ngokushesha endaweni eshisayo, eyomile futhi ngokunamathela ngokoqobo amaqabunga kanye namahlumela
Ukuvikela ama-raspberries ekuhlaselweni kwe-aphid, eduze kwe-berry, ngitshala i-sage, i-oregano, i-lavender, iminti. Izitshalo zesipayisi zesabisa izinambuzane ngephunga lazo elimnandi. Kodwa ngikhula i-nasturtium, i-mallow ne-cosmea kwelinye ekhoneni lengadi - lezi zimbali zizithanda kakhulu izinambuzane ezincane.
I-Sage etshalwe eduze kwe-raspberry nephunga layo elinamandla ixosha izinambuzane eziyingozi kusuka emithini ehlabayo
Ngesikhathi sokuqothula, awukwazi ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuvikela izinto ezinobuthi zingangeni kumajikijolo. Kuphephile ukusebenzisa ama-infusions wamakhambi: izimbabazane, ama-chamomile, axutshwa ngamanzi 1: 1 futhi afafazwe ngezitshalo.
Ukubuyekezwa
Kulo nyaka, uPolka wakhombisa enye inzuzo - amajikijolo akhe ayengawokuqala ukuvuselelwa amahlumela minyaka yonke. Futhi ngenkathi usayizi ushaywe ngosayizi wayo. Ngokusobala, ubukhulu bomswakama buthinta isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Amajikijolo amahle kakhulu abukeka emangalisa ebhulashi, njengoba enesimo esifanele futhi imbewu yenziwe kahle. Kuyintokozo ukuqoqa lezi zihlahlana ezinkulu. Kula maphutha, ngiqaphela kuphela ukuthi amahlumela awanamandla njengalawo waseBrusvyany, kanti isivuno esikhulu simane nje sitshekela phansi iziqu eziphakeme emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, i-trellis yePolka kufanele yenziwe ngaphandle kokuhluleka (ngokungafani nePolana), futhi kuyadingeka futhi ukunciphisa umkhawulo wamanani amahlumela ezihlahleni, ngoba asakazeka futhi azophazamisana.
Nikolay//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1224
Ishelu ohlwini lwezintandokazi. Ngiyavuma ngokuphelele. Ngabuye ngacabanga nokutshala iBrusvyana nezihlobo zayo, kepha ngemuva kokuzama lo mabhele nokuyiqhathanisa neShelf yami, nganquma ukukhulisa amashalofu eShelf futhi ngenqaba ngokuphelele ukutshala iBrusvyana. Kepha njengoba besho: ukunambitha nombala ... noma ngubani okuthandayo. Amashalofu, ehluke kakhulu kuma-raspberries ehlobo, izinhlobo ezithandekayo zasehlobo zaseKokinskaya, zezinhlobonhlobo zami ezineminyaka engu-11 ubudala zimnandi kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngokubukeka okuhle futhi zinokuhanjiswa okuhle. Ngakho-ke nansi iShelufu lokunambitha, i.e. maqondana nobumnandi abupheleli kweKokinskaya, yize iphunga lingenamandla njengasehlobo naseBrusvyana. Amashalofu ihluke kancane ngokuhambisana. Nginezinhlobonhlobo ezindala zeZev, nayo inedrape encane futhi ifana ngokufana, kepha uma ukunambitheka kunqunywa ngohlelo lwamaphoyinti amahlanu, khona-ke iRegiment 5, neZev izodonswa ngu-3.
olechka070//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-3754.html
Amajikijolo makhulu, amasentimitha amathathu okuqala (angikwazi ukusho kumagremu), ama-2 cm asele, amnandi kakhulu, afuneka kakhulu emakethe, ukuthutha okuhle, amajikijolo anemibala agqamile. Ngobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bezolimo, iPolka imanzisa inhlabathi kakhulu, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ibhungane liqala ukubhoboka, lihlale lingashisi. Uma lesi sihlahla sithuthelwa endaweni entsha, futhi iyi-berry iyamangalisa.
UDmitro//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1224
Ngifuna nokusho izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zokulungisa ezivela ePoland - Polka. Amajikijolo lawo muhle kunambitheko nangokubukeka.
I-NIK-olay//forum.tvoysad.ru/yagodnye-kultury-f31/remontantnaya-malina-sorta-i-osobennosti-agrotehniki-t8011-165.html
Ingabe ishalofu selomile? Cha, kungenzeka ukuthi ayinayo imifino, okusho ukuthi ayigelezi ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Manje mayelana nokunambitheka. IShelf yami inambitha amaphuzu ayi-5 (yize isiza sibanda hhayi ilanga). Uma ngiqhathanisa ne-Phenomenon, khona-ke noma kuyihlobo, angizukubeka okungaphezulu kwe-4. Kunzima ukuqhathanisa nezinhlobo zeBrusvyanovsky, yingakho. Ngikhula iBrusvyana, iBrusilovskaya B13, iYaroslavna, iBrusilovsky ejwayelekile. Zonke zinendlela ethile yokunambitha, ngingayibiza, i-nati enempilo, i-musky, i-relish enjalo (ngiyaxolisa, angisiyo i-taster). Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi banambitha enjalo evela kumzali ojwayelekile. Kepha njengoba umsuka walezi zinhlobo uboshwe ngophawu eziyisikhombisa, asinikwanga ukwazi lokhu. Lokhu kuthokozela akuyona eyawo wonke umuntu. Ipulazi lami linohlelo lwamakhasimende e-VIP, lapho bona uqobo behamba ngokukhululekile esizeni futhi bezama ukuqoqa amajikijolo ngokwawo. Uchwepheshe weza ne-chip enjalo ukuthola ukuthambekele nokukhethwayo kwamakhasimende. Ngikholwe, ekugcineni benza ukukhetha ngokuya ngokunambitheka kwejikijolo. Ngakho-ke, iRegiment isohlwini lwezintandokazi, kanti iBrusivia (yonke) ikwifashthi engezansi. Yize kunabantu abaklebhula kuphela iBrusvyanovsky ngokunembile ngenxa yokunambitheka kwabo okuthile. Izinhlobo zakho zizokunikeza ithuba lokwenza umgibeli we-berry kule oda (ngokuya nezithelo): Iphenomenon, Regiment, Brusilovskaya, Brusvyana.
Vesela dolina//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-3754.html
Okusajingijolo Polka waziwa kahle kubalimi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ungumnikazi werekhodi lokukhiqiza phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zokulungisa. Amajikijolo amahle amnyama anambitheka dessert afunwa kakhulu emakethe. Ngenxa yesikhathi eside se-fruiting, ama-raspberries amnandi angajatshulelwa kuze kuba yiqhwa, kuphekwe ama-compotes kanye nejams, iqhwa ebusika. Kepha isivuno esivulekile, ukubukeka okulungisa kudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile kubuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi kudinga ukondleka okuhle.
