Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinambuzane eziphilayo ziyaziwa njengezinambuzane zehlathi kanye nezitshalo zezolimo.
Ukuze usebenze ngokufanele nge-sawflies enonya, udinga ukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi wazi izindlela eziphumelelayo ngokumelene nabo.
Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinambuzane nokuthi ungasusa kanjani kusayithi lakho ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zama-sawflies nezici zazo
Isayensi ithole futhi yafunda ngezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 zama-sawflies, zazo eRussia kunezinkulungwane ezimbili kuphela. Bayibolekisa igama labo ekufaneni kwangaphandle kwe-oviposition ne-saw blade. Kwamanye amalunga emindeni ye-sawfly, ukuma kwe-ovipositor kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okugqugquzela ukungena kwegxolo lomuthi.
Abantu abadala banamaphiko amabili amancane amancane amancane ahlukaniswe yi-veins ngesimo samangqamuzana amakhulu. Kukhona i-jumper emkhatsini wezingxenye ze-thoracic kanye nesisu, okuyinto evulekile kancane kunaleyo ye-hymenoptera, njengezinyosi.
Izimpungushe zathola igama amacimbingoba kufana kakhulu nabo. Isibungu se-sawfly singahlukaniswa nombuthane we-butterfly ongenakulimaza ngenani lamaso (okuwukuphela kokubili kwezimpungushe kanye no-6 ngezimpungushe) nemilenze (ngezibungu eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu, kuyilapho izibungu zingaphansi kwamabili emilenze) .
Isikhathi esiyinhloko somsebenzi wama-sawflies yintwasahlobo nehlobo. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuzalanisa ngehora elifudumele elinemvula encane. Amaqanda ahlelwe ngezinaliti noma ekujuleni kwezinkuni.
Birch
Umdala ngokuvamile 2-2.5 cm ubude, ikhanda, imilenze kanye nomzimba esifundeni se-sternum kukhona emnyama, isisu esisodwa esinama-orangish noma esibomvu esibomvu, senza i-glare. Ekhanda, ikhanda likhulisiwe, i-mandibles inkulu.
Ama-antenna amnyama athulisa amathiphu futhi athole umbala okhanyayo ohlotshiswe ngeklabhu. Amaphiko aphelele, futhi emaphethelweni kukhona ukumaka okumnyama. Abantu abadala baxosha ngoMeyi noJuni.
I-Larvae ikhula ibe yi-4.5 cm, ube nombala ohlaza oketshezi oluhlaza noma obala. Umgqoko omnyama omnyama onokuphuzi ophuzi uhamba ngemuva. Zinezinhlangothi ezingu-11 zomlenze wesisu kanye nenhloko enkulu, ephuzi ephuzi. Zivame ukubonakala kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba ezimpandeni nasezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamagatsha e-birch. Njengomuntu ngamunye, i-ration of the larvae kuphela amaqabunga e-birch.
Ukuvikela izitshalo ze-birch ozidingayo:
- Hamba ngokucophelela phansi eduze kwama-rhizomes esikhathini sangaphambi kwesikhathi sasebusika.
- Zonke izibungu ezitholakalayo (ngezinye izikhathi ezinamalahle omnyama omnyama) zibhujiswa.
- Ehlobo, ama-birch groves aphethwe ngama-insecticide (ama-chlorofos nama-Metaphos), kusukela ngo-Juni, ukuze aduduze ama-sawflies omdala, futhi ekupheleni kuka-July-izibungu.
U-spruce
Lokhu kuncane (5-6 mm ubude) cishe cishe izinambuzane ezimnyama ezinezintuthwane ezinde, ezincane kakhulu, lapho izingxenye eziphuzi zomzimba ziyi-apparatus zomlomo, isisu nesifuba sangaphambili semaphiko. Ingatholakala kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni.
Ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka, cishe njengezinaliti, izibungu ezinamehlo amnyama zinamabhuloki amathathu emilenze emnyama ekuqaleni komzimba kanye namabhuloki angu-7 emilenze yamanga kuyo yonke indawo. Khulisa kuze kube 1-1.5 cm ubude. Basebenzela ngenkuthalo izinaliti ezincane kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, emva kwalokho bafuna indawo yokuhlala endaweni yehlathi ukuze bafunde.
Lezi zinambuzane zilimaza kakhulu izinhlobo eziningi zezidumbu, ngakho-ke ukukhula kwabo kuvinjelwe.
Ukuvimbela ukuqubuka okukhulu kwe-sawflies, izinaliti kufanele zifakwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ezimpungeni ezincane. Kuyasiza ukumba imibuthano okuthiwa i-pristvolny imibuthano ukuthola nokuqeda izidleke zezimpungushe.
Ugqumugqumu nokusikhamba okuphuzi
Ukupheka ugesi sawfly ngokuvamile 7-8 mm ubude. Ivelele kakhulu maqondana namaqabunga e-ugqumugqumu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ze-currants. Ngaphandle, ibukeka ngokufana ne-wasp encane enezinsika eziphaphathekile. Izimpungushe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle kwamamaki.
Ukusikhilika okuphuzi sawfly akukhuli ngaphezu kuka-6-7 mm, umzimba wonke, imilenze, izinhlangothi zekhanda, umlomo nezisekelo zezintuthwane ziphuzi, ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zinomnyama noma zimnyama.
Amaphiko anwetshwa eduze namathiphu, ecacile, ngokumaka okumnyama noma okumnyama emaphethelweni angaphezulu kwephambili lamaphiko.
Ngezibungu Imilenze engu-20ziluhlaza okombala noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olugcwele ngokuphelele amabala amnyama noma ukukhula (okunye ukuhlangana nemiphetho ngemuva).
Izinambuzane zizithokozisa amaqabunga ebhisikidi, ngezinye izikhathi zishiya imifula kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo ziyafa, ngokunciphisa kakhulu isivuno esilandelayo. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, umuntu kufanele ahlome phansi phansi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezisekwindla nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Kuzosiza futhi ukuvimbela izinambuzane ngesisombululo se-tar soap, nangemva kokuhluma kwezihlahla - ukukhishwa kwe-coniferous noma i-entobacterin.
Ukuphalaza kuzokusiza ukuvikela izimpungushe pyrethroids, izakhi ze-organophosphorus, neonicotinoids. Isibonelo, isixazululo "I-Chlorophos"noma anabazine sulfate (ngaphambi kokuvela kwamajikijolo).
Isinkwa
Okusanhlamvu, yi-sawfly esinqabeni hhayi umakhelwane omuhle. Inambuzane emnyama emnyama kuze kufike ku-1 cm ubude, emaphethini aphuzi okukhanya okukhanyayo emuva futhi amamaki akhona. Ama-paws amnyama, ngaphandle kwalawo maphuzu angaphambili - aphuzi.
I-Imago idla i-nectar kanye ne-pollen yokhula. I-Larva inombala ophuzi, awunayo imilenze ekhonjiwe, 12-14 mm ubude. Ikhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ekugcineni komzimba kuyisithasiselo esincinci, esinqunyiwe ngamaphini amancane angu-6-9.
Umonakalo oyinhloko wezinambuzane ubangelwa izitshalo zesinkwa: ukolweni, rye, ibhali futhi ngisho oats. Izimpungushe zidla izinto eziqukethe iziqu, zihambela emmpandeni, ezenza buthaka izitshalo futhi zenze zibe brittle. Lapho kuvuna, izitshalo zihlukana kalula, ama-spikelets akhula futhi aphele.
Imperative ekwindla okujulile ukulima futhi ukuxubha kabili (ngokushesha emva kokuqoqwa) ukuqeda izibungu eziye zahlala phansi ezitsheni ze-hibernation. Ukuvimbela okuhle kuzoba ukuvuna kuqala. Kusukela kwizidakamizwa zamasiko kungenziwa kucutshungulwe "Ukuphuka"noma"Borey".
Ipineyini evamile
Ukuthola umzimba omkhulu oval, abadala bayakhula kufika ku-1 cm ubude. Umzimba womthunzi omnyama ophuzi noma obomvu, ogcwele umbala omnyama ngemuva nangemuva. I-Antennae emnyama, emfushane, ifana nefayela le-nail. Indoda ingumnyama ngokuphelele, ilula kunomuntu wesifazane, inezintuthwane ezimnyama ezimnyama nezimpaphe eziphuzi.
Izibungu ezinkulu eziphuzi 2.5-2.9 cm, enezibili ezingu-8 zama-blades, ngenhla ngayinye efana nesikhwama esimnyama. Inhloko imnyama noma imnyama. Ukushisa kubanda emhlabathini eduze kwezihlahla zikaphayini noma ngaphansi kwehlathi.
Wonke amaqembu udle izinaliti zephayini kuze kube isisekelo. Ngenxa yalokho, izihlahla ziyancipha, iziqongo zomile ngokuphelele, nezinye izinambuzane zingena kalula emithini.
Ngokwezinyathelo zokulawula izinambuzane zemvelo, ephephile kakhulu ukuzalanisa ama-anthills futhi ukondla izinyoni izinyoni izinambuzane. Kuyaqinisekile ukupompa okwesikhashana iziphayinti ngezinambuzane nezinhlelo zokwelapha.
KUBALULEKILE: Okumelana kakhulu nokuhlasela kwesibhamu somuntu ovamile kuyinhlobo yepine yaseCrimea. Lapho uhlela ukufika okusha, kungcono ukumnika okuthandayo.
I-Rapeseed
Izinambuzane ubukhulu be 6-8 mm, ehlangene, ecebile i-orange hue, enekhanda elimnyama eliphansi lezintuthwane ezimnyama ezimnyama.
Izingxenye zamagceke ezinama-paws anemibala emnyama, emaphethelweni wamaphiko amnyama avulekile amnyama, esifundeni se-thoracic izindawo ezimbili zomthamo omkhulu zemibala emnyama zenziwa ngamaphuzu avelele.
Izimpungushe zimnyama, ziphelile ngokweqile ezinhlangothini, zingafinyeleleka 2.5 cm ngobude.
Umonakalo omkhulu iklabishi izitshalolike i-canola, rutabagas, i-turnip, isithombongezinye izikhathi badle isithombo kanye namaqabunga e-turnip. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu ku-pupae, ukulima okujulile kwenhlabathi kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuqala kwasebusika, izinyathelo ezilwa nokhula.
Ngokumelene nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kwamacimbi amanga kuzosiza ekusetshenzisweni kwe-plantings ye-rapeseed ne-drug "Actellic"nezinye izinambuzane, ngokushesha lapho izibungu zokuqala zibonakala ku-5-10% yazo zonke izimila.
Apple
I-oda elidala 6-7 mm ubude, emnyama noma emnyama. Isifunda sogwababa simnyama futhi sithobekile. Ama-paws aphuzi, amaphiko amnyama, aphakathi nendawo.
I-larva iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-wrinkled, mayelana 1 cm. Inhloko iyindilinga, ibumnyama, ikhanya kancane kancane bese ikhula ibe mnandi. Amabhuloki ayi-10 emilenzeni, okuyizibili zombili eziphambili zinde futhi zilula kunezinye.
Uma i-apple sawfly imago igcwele kuphela ne-nectar, izibungu zidla isithelo se-apula, ziqala ngendwangu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, i-larva ingakwazi ukulimaza izithelo ezimbili kuya kwezingu-6. Ngaphezu kokulimaza izithelo, ama-sawflies enza ukuthi i-ovary iwile.
Njengokuvimbela ukuvela kwabantu abadala ngokukhiqiza ngokuklama imibuthano ye-trunk eduze nemigqa ephakathi. Phakathi nezimbali zezihlahla inhlabathi ingaphathwa nge-hexachlorane uthuli. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwesithelo kuyadingeka spray izihlahla ze-apula ngesisombululo se-DDT no-Karbofos.
I-weaver engashadile
Ubude bezinambuzane 13-17 mm, ngesisu esisimnyama-oluphuzi, i-sternum emnyama, ikhanda nezintuthwane. Iphuzu lesisu esisemkhathini omnyama omnyama. Amaphiko ahamba phambili, aphuzi aphuzi embala.
I-larva i-grey-green nge umugqa omnyama ngemuva, ikhanda libuye liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngezinye izikhathi elinombala obomvu. Ungafinyelela ubude ku 2.5 cm. Esifubeni kukhona imilenze emincanyana engama-6 kanye nomunye umbhangqwana we-prolegs emsila.
Izigcawu zesicabucabu emagatsheni ephayini, okungafani nokufakwe kwe-pineal brown ezihlanganisiwe. Amapulangwe ayadla izinaliti, eshiya imfucumfucu encane nemfucuza.
Izithombe zezinhlobonhlobo
Izinyathelo zokulwa nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-sawflies cishe zifana nezigaba zomsebenzi wabantu abadala kanye nobusika bezibungu. Ngokucubungula okufanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukumba umhlabathi nokubhubhisa izidleke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvikela yonke isitshalo kanye nemifula yehlathi.
Ukuze uhlanganise ulwazi oluzuziwe, sikunikeza ividiyo mayelana nama-sawflies nezindlela zokulwa nazo:
