Amagilebhisi eRussia akulula kakhulu ukutshala. Izinhlobo eziningi ezilungele izimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu sokuqina kobusika zinokunambitheka kwe-Mediocre. Kepha kunezindlela ezi-hybrid lapho ukunambitheka nobunzima bobusika zisezingeni eliphakeme. Le nzalo ifaka namagilebhisi amaChernysh.
Umlando wokutshala kwamagilebhisi eChernysh
Uhlobo olu-hybrid lwe-aronia Chernysh olutholwe ngabazalisi be-VNIIViV kubo. Ya.I. Potapenko. Kufakwe kwisisekelo sokuwela i-Agate Donskoy neRusomol. Iphinda kakhulu izakhiwo ze-Agate Donskoy futhi ngenxa yalokho kubhekwa njengefomu elithuthukisiwe lalezi zinhlobonhlobo.
Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokusinda kwezithombo, ukunambitheka okuhle nezinye izinzuzo, ithole ukuthandwa phakathi kwabatshali beviniga abaningi eRussia.
Izinhlobo zegilebhisi zaseChernysh - ividiyo
Incazelo yebanga
Ukunambitheka okumnyama kuhle futhi kunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwetafula. Kuvuthwa kusenesikhathi - ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula kuya ekuvuthweni okugcwele, sekudlule izinsuku eziyi-115-120.
Ukuba yisiqalo, uChernysh usevele waba mnyama ekuqaleni kukaJulayi
Amabhasi abonakala ngezinkomba zokukhula okuphakathi, aphansi kulolu hlobo lomzali lwe-Agat Donskoy. Amabhasi akhula "aminyene", nenani elikhulu lamahlumela (lawo angaphezu kuka-75% athela izithelo), avuthwa kahle ekwindla. Isici esibonakalayo sezinhlobonhlobo ukusinda okuhle kokusikwa kuya kwisitoko, kanye nekhono eliphakeme lokwakheka kwezimpande. Izinhlobonhlobo azidingi izitshalo ezithutha impova, ngoba zinezimbali ezithandekayo.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ihlumela ngalinye leChernysh linikeza amabhulashi ayi-1.5-2 wamagilebhisi
Isilinganiso samabhulashi ayi-1.5-1.8 akhiwa ekuhluthweni kwezithelo ngakunye. Iqoqo likhulu (500-700 g, kwesinye isikhathi i-1000 g), i-cylindrical-conical noma engenazici. Isakhiwo seqembu asixinene. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, kunalokho makhulu - 2.2 ... 2.6 cm ububanzi, embozwe yisikhumba esincanyana sombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-pulp ine-ukuthungwa okunamanzi nokunambitheka okuvumelanayo nge-tartt enobuntu obuncane. Okuqukethwe ushukela kuphezulu impela - 16-17%, futhi kusiphuzo kukhona ama-acid ayi-6 g / l.
Izici Ezihlukahlukene
IChernysh ikhula ngokuzithandela ngabatshali bezithelo zomvini eziphakathi kweRussia, ngoba leligilebhisi linezinzuzo eziningana:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu (14-15 kg kusuka esihlahleni 1);
- ukunambitheka okuhle nokubukeka okuhle kwamajikijolo;
- ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kokuqhekeka okwenzeka lapho inhlabathi ifakwa amanzi;
- impilo ende yeshalofu yamajikijolo emithini;
- kunalokho kuphakama kakhulu isithwathwa (kufika ku -25 ... -26 mayelanaC), ukuze izihlahla ebusika kahle ngisho nendawo yokukhosela;
- ukumelana nezifo, ikakhulukazi isikhutha, i-oidium ne-grey bola.
Njengoba uChernysh eyinzalo ka-Agat Donskoy futhi ebukeka njengale nhlobonhlobo ngokubukeka, ama-viniga amaningi aqhathanisa zombili izinhlobo futhi aqaphele umehluko omuhle weChernysh:
- Amajikijolo amnyama anombala ogcwele futhi omuhle nokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu;
- isikhathi sokukhula sifushane, isivuno singaphambi;
- amanani aphakeme ezimpande ze-cutways.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi uChernysh akanawo amaphutha ngokuphelele. Kukhanya kwelanga, amajikijolo angashiswa alahlekelwe yisethulo. Ngomswakama owedlulele, amajikijolo aqhekeka futhi aze aphilise ngaphandle kokubola, ukubukeka kwamajikijolo kuwohloka.
Ukutshala nokukhulisa imithetho
Ngokutshala amagilebhisi, indawo enokhanyayo kahle enenhlabathi enempilo, evikelekile emimoyeni ebandayo, iyadingeka. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele abe eduze kuka-1.5 m ukusuka ebusweni.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, iChernysh itshalwe kangcono entwasahlobo (Mashi - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ishumi lesibili lika-Ephreli - ukuphela kukaMeyi kulayini ophakathi nendawo). Njengoba iChernysh inokuqina okweneleko weqhwa, nayo ingatshalwa ekwindla. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukukhumbula ukuthi izithombo ezigcwele kuphela ezingasetshenziselwa ukutshala ekwindla, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama kakhulu, futhi amasonto ama-3-4 kufanele asale kuze kube yilapho kuneqhwa.
Ngokutshala entwasahlobo, ungasebenzisa ukutshala kwezingcezu zezimpande noma ngokuxhunyelelwa endaweni yoqhekeko.
Ukuze umuthi wokugoma uphumelele, isitoko kufanele siqiniswe ngendwangu noma ngethayi kagesi ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle ne-scion
Izimbambo zokutshala zinqunywa ezingxenyeni ezivuthiwe zomvini (amehlo kufanele okungenani abe ngu-4-5) futhi engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari abekwa ngesigaxa emhlabathini omanzi noma embizeni yamanzi. Imvamisa, ngo-Ephreli, ukusika kunikeza izimpande ezanele zokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izimbambo ezifakwe embizeni yenhlabathi enomswakama zinika ngokushesha izimpande
Umgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi udinga ukulungiswa emavikini angama-2-3. Ukujula nobubanzi kufanele kufane futhi kulingana no-0.7 ... 0,8 m. Kungcono ukubeka ungqimba lwamatshe wedwala elichotshoziwe noma isitini ephukile phansi komgodi (ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona umswakama omile). Ngaphezulu kwaso, ukufaka isigamu sokujula komgodi, umquba ohlanganiswa nenhlabathi wengezwa nge-20-30 g ye-superphosphate. Ingxube yezakhi imbozwe ungqimba lomhlaba omncane.
Lapho utshala amagilebhisi, ungakhohlwa ukugcwalisa izakhamzimba emgodini - zizosekela lesi sitshalo iminyaka engama-2-3
Lapho ukutshala, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kungaphulwa izimpande ezincane ezintekenteke. Lapho usuhlanganiswe futhi wanisela umhlaba emhlabeni yisithombo, kungakuhle ukusimboze nge-mulch ukuze kugcinwe umswakama isikhathi eside.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo - ividiyo
Enye indlela elula yokusakaza amagilebhisi ukubeka izingqimba. Umlobi wale migqa ukwazile ukusabalalisa ngempumelelo noma yikuphi ukuchuma kwamagilebhisi ngale ndlela. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukukhetha ihlumela elitholakala kalula bese uwumbeka kahle ngomhlaba, futhi kusukela phezulu ucindezele indawo ebunjiwe ngamatshe noma ngezitini. Ngokuchelela okuhle, izimpande zizovela ngokushesha endaweni eyembiwe yomvini. Vele ungagijimeli ukwehlukanisa isitshalo esihlahleni sikamama. Emzamweni wokuqala wokusabalalisa ngokulambisa, umlobi wenza iphutha elinjalo nakho konke, njengoba bekubonakala, amabhasi azimele acishe abuna.
Ngosizo lwe-layering, ungathola ngokushesha izihlahla eziningi zamagilebhisi
Nakekela amagilebhisi Chernysh
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo, uChernysh udinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ukugqoka phezulu nokuthena.
Yize amahlahla engenamandla kakhulu ekukhuleni, adinga ukwakheka ukuze athole isivuno esihle. Kulula kakhulu ukwakha ihlathi lamagilebhisi ngesimo fan kumakhonsoli womugqa owodwa. Uma ufisa, ungatshala amagilebhisi ku-arch noma ezinye izinhlobo zezixhasi.
Usekela amagilebhisi - igalari yezithombe
- Umoya omncane unikezwa ku-trellis nge-visor eya ezihlahleni
- Uma amagilebhisi engatshalwa hhayi kuphela wokuvuna, kodwa futhi nezinjongo zokuhlobisa, ungawukhulisa ku-arch
- I-Viomshem ibizwa ngohlelo lwe-trellises enezingqimba ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhule isihlahla "esihubayo"
Sika amagilebhisi entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Entwasahlobo, izihlahla kufanele zinikeze umthwalo ojwayelekile esihlahleni. KuChernysh, ngamehlo ayi-35-45. Imvamisa, imivini imiliselwa ngamehlo ayi-6-8, kepha yona iChernysh ivunyelwe ukwenza izihlahla ezifushane (Amehlo ama-3-4), ngoba leli gilebhisi lihlukaniswa ngokuzala okuphezulu engxenyeni engezansi yamahlumela.
Ukwakhiwa kwamagilebhisi - Video
Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukusika izingxenye ezingavuthiwe zamahlumela, kanye nokususa imivini yokuqina ngokweqile. Uma kunesidingo, vuselela isihlahla ukuze ungene esikhundleni, khetha amahlumela amasha avuthwe kahle, futhi iziqu ezindala ziyasikwa phansi.
Ebusika, kungakuhle ukumboza amahlahla, naphezu kokumelana kwawo nesithwathwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ususwe kwizisekeli bese usika imivini ugoqwa futhi wehliselwe emhlabathini. Ukuze kufudumale, amahlumela aboshwe ngotshani, i-agrofabric, ifilimu noma enye into.
Amagilebhisi embozwe ifilimu futhi afafazwe nomhlaba ngokuqinisekile ubusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga
Ukunisela amagilebhisi kuyadingeka - inhlabathi kumele ibe nomswakama ngokulinganayo. Inketho enhle ukuchelela ngokudonsa, kodwa uma kungenakwenzeka ukuyihlela, kunikezwa amanzi ngenani lamalitha angama-50-60 ngesihlahla esisodwa amahlandla ama-4-5 ngesizini. Izitshalo zidinga umswakama kakhulu lapho kuqhakaza amaqabunga, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqanda, nangemva kokuvuna. Ekwindla eyomile, okunye ukuthambisa kuyadingeka - ukushaja kokuswakama (i-120 l nge-1 isihlahla), okwenziwa ngoNovemba ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zesimo sempande ebusika.
Amanzi akufanele athululwe ngaphansi kwempande; udinga ukusika imisele yokunisela endaweni eyi-50-60 cm ukusuka kusiqu.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, amagilebhisi akufanele aniselwe - amajikijolo angaqhekeka. Kuliqiniso, uChernysh ulungile ngoba amajikijolo aqhekekile aphiliswa ngokushesha futhi awaboli.
Inhlangano yokunisela zomvini ngaphansi kwempande - ividiyo
Ukondla kuthanda noma yiliphi igilebhisi. Zidinga ukuhlanganiswa nokunisela, futhi ikakhulukazi amalungiselelo we-potassium ne-phosphorus asetshenziswa kusuka ezintweni zamaminerali. Isici seChernysh ukutholakala okukhethekile kokukhulisa imithamo yamanyolo we-potash. Izakhi ze-nitrojeni akufanele zithathwe - zibangela ukukhula kwamaqabunga okulimazayo ekwakhekeni kwesibeletho. Vele, lesi sitshalo ngeke siphile ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen nhlobo, kepha uma kungeniswa inani elanele lezinto eziphilayo, isidingo samgilebhisi ezingxenyeni ze-nitrogen siyakwaneliswa. Ngaphezu kokugqoka izimpande, kubalulekile ukufafaza amagilebhisi ngezixazululo zezinto ezilandelwayo (i-boron, i-zinc).
Yondla amagilebhisi - ividiyo
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Okumnyama cishe akuniki ezifweni zokukhunta ezinjengobumnene, i-oidium ne-grey bola. Noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukuvikela isivuno sakho engcupheni, kufanele uchithe izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela ezingama-2-3 ngama-fungicides (ngokwesibonelo, ingxube yeBordeaux noma isixazululo se-lime-isibabule).
Ukuze uvikele izinyoni nemfucumfucu, kungcono ukungabeki isikhathi nomzamo wokugoqa ibhulashi ngalinye ngesikhwama semikhono noma ngendwangu.
Isikhwama esiboshelwe phezu kwebhulashi sivikela kahle amajikijolo ezinambuzaneni
Ukuvunwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo
Ungavuna emahlathini weChernysh ngo-Agasti (ekuqaleni kwenyanga - ezindaweni ezifudumele, ekugcineni kwenyanga - ezindaweni ezibandayo). Amabhulashi aminyene abekezelela kahle izinto zokuhamba, ikakhulukazi uma zibekwe emabhokisini angajulile.
Akudingekile ukususa ngokushesha wonke amaqoqo avuthiwe; abamba kahle esihlahleni amasonto angama-3-4 ngemuva kokuvuthwa. Iqoqo eliqoqiwe lingagcinwa amasonto ama-2-3 esiqandisini noma egumbini elipholile.
Imvamisa, iChernysh idliwa isha, kepha ungayisebenzisa ukwenza ujamu noma i-backmes. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okungajwayelekile kwe- “blueberry”, leli gilebhisi likhiqiza amajusi anamnandi kakhulu newayini.
Ijusi lamagilebhisi elimnyama aliyimnandi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi lihle kakhulu
Ukubuyekezwa kwama-newine
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuthela izithelo, izinhlobonhlobo zeChernysh kumabhulashi angama-26 zinikeze ama-13 kg ngonyaka olandelayo ngo-32 kumabhulashi ayi-14 kg. Kepha ngo-2012, waxosha yonke imivini - wen. Futhi kwakungekho sivuno. Kuphela yi-7kg kulo nyaka lesi simo kungenzeka ukuthi siziphinde ngokwaso. Imivini iminyene, iqabunga likhulu, kepha amabhulashi aboshwe amancane. Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, wayeka ukondla, ecabanga ukuthi isihlahla sinamandla okusabela ekunakekelweni okuhle.
Natalia Ivanovna, Uryupinsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2770
Ngokombono wami, umehluko omkhulu yile: 1. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, lapho kuqhekeka, isikhumba asiboli, futhi singakwazi ukubambeka emabhasini isikhathi eside. 2. Nambitha. U-Agate Don unotshani. EChernysha - kufanelekile impela. 3. Faka umbala. I-Agate Donskoy nge-brownish tint. IChernysh icishe ibe mnyama ngokuphelele. 4. Umsuka wezinsika emhlabathini ovulekile. I-Agatha Donskoi yi-Mediocre, iChernysh inesivuno sezithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande ezingama-80 - 95%.
sss64//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2770
I-Chernysh yi-Don Agate efanayo, iphrofayela kuphela :) Bheka izinga le-acidity kokuqukethwe kwe-17% ushukela - kuze kufike ku-9%! Ngakho ukunambitha lezi zinhlobo ezimbili kusondele kakhulu. Imilingo Emnyama ingenye enye into: ushukela kanye nama-acid ayi-19 no-7 ngokulandelana. Isikhathi kuphela sokuvuthwa yisikhashana esincane kamuva. Ngangihlala ewayinini elilodwa - bobabili u-Agat noChernysh balengiswa buthule, akekho ofuna ukudla. Noma mhlawumbe sesivele siqalile ukujamu?
UVladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=1308&view=print
naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuqhekeka nobuningi beqembu kuhlanganiswe eChernysh, cishe akakaze amarobhothi, kanti imifantu iyapholisa. Lo nyaka, ngokukhethekile bush bush olunamanzi amaningi lapho ukuvuthwa kokuhlolwa - I aqhekeke iminyaka, kodwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa imifantu yaphola. Futhi uChernysh, ngokungafani ne-Agatha, unokukhanya okungokwemvelo, ukunambitheka okwehlukile
I-Eugene. I-Chernihiv//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=106708#post106708
IChernysh ilungele kahle ukulinyelwa emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, njengoba ngisho nasehlobo elifushane iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo, futhi ayesabi nesithwathwa. Leli gilebhisi alithobeki ezimweni ezikhulayo futhi liphezulu ngekhwalithi ezinhlotsheni zalo zomzali i-Agat Donskoy. Ngisho nokuthambekela kwamajikijolo ukuqhekeka akuyona into ebucayi, ngoba imifantu iphola ngokushesha.
