Abathandi bezithelo zomvini abahlala ezifundeni ezibandayo bafuna izinhlobo zemithi ebandayo ezingakhiqiza nezitshalo ihlobo elifushane nelipholile. Lezi zimo zihlangatshezwa ngokuphelele yizinhlobo zokuqala zesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ezihlukaniswa ngokuvuna okuningana kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu.
Umlando wokukhula kwamagilebhisi weTason
Izithelo zomvini weTason zatholakala ngokwezifiso ngesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zase-Italiya kanye nomfuyi weZoreva T. T. Sonina e-All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking them. J.I. Potapenko. Le nhlobonhlobo ayikafakwa kwirejista yombuso, noma kunjalo, abathandi abaningi bayakhula ngenkuthalo. Okuphumelela kakhulu, itshalwa ezimeni zesifunda iRostov, eCrimea, e-Ukraine, kepha ingakhula ithele izithelo ngisho nasezifundeni zaseMosesi naseLeningrad nasenyakatho neBelarus.
Ukuthandwa kukaTason kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwayo okuphezulu
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo
Isikhathi siba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa sokuqala kakhulu (izinsuku eziyi-100-110 ukusuka lapho ama-buds evula) ukuthola isivuno. Le nhlobonhlobo kulula ukuyisakaza - ukusika kwayo kukhule kahle futhi kuhlangana ngokuphelele nesitoko.
Amabhasi makhulu, akhula ngokuqinile. Imivimbo engu-kahle (cishe kuyo yonke ubude) iyavuthwa ekwindla. Izithombo ezinezithelo zakha okungaphezu kwengxenye.
Amacembe anama-lobes amahlanu, ahlakazekile ngokuqinile futhi anombala oluhlaza omnyama. Izimbali zihlala zimbili, ngakho-ke lokhu okuhlukahlukene akudingi impova.
Izimbali zesikathi zihlotshwe kahle izinyosi
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwakheka iziqu emvinini, okuthe uma ethelwa, zithole ukwakheka kwendawo yokubumba. Ubukhulu bawo bumaphakathi, futhi ubukhulu bukhulu impela, isisindo sifinyelela ku-0.5-0.8 kg, kufinyelela ku-1,2 kg.
Amajikijolo abunjwe njengama-oval, lapho esevuthiwe ngokuphelele, abe nombala omhlophe-opinki nopende obomvu ohlangothini olukhanyisiwe. Amagilebhisi afinyelela osayizi abangama-25 x 18 mm kanye nesisindo esingu-6-7 g. Isikhumba sinobukhulu obuphakathi, lapho sidliwa, asizwakali. I-pulp iminyene impela, i-crunchy. Kukhona imbewu amajikijolo, kodwa mancane ngakho-ke cishe awuzwanga.
Ukunambitheka kumnandi kakhulu, iphunga le-nutmeg. Okuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu (19-21 g nge-100 cm3) kunxephezelwa ngenani elithile le-acid (5-6 g / dm3), eqinisekisa ukunambitheka okuvumelanayo.
Kukhanya kahle, amajikijolo athola isikhumba esihle esibomvu.
I-Tason yazuza uthando lwabatshali beewayini hhayi ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuphela, kepha futhi kumucu ophakathi nendawo ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu (ishumi lokugcina likaJulayi);
- ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu (kuze kufike ku-40 cluster from 1 bush, that is 20-30 kg);
- ukunambitheka okuhle (amaphuzu angu-8.2) nokubukeka okuhle;
- ukulondolozwa isikhathi eside kwamajikijolo esihlahleni (cishe izinyanga ezi-2);
- ukumelana nesimo sezulu esimanzi (amajikijolo awaphuki);
- ukumelana nokuhamba.
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene futhi akunawo umdlandla:
- ukumelana okuphansi kwezifo zokukhunta (i-oidium, isikhutha, i-grey bola);
- ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphansi (kufika ku -22 ° C).
Izici zokutshala izinhlobo zeNkathi
Isikhathi sonyaka sikulungele ukukhula cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Noma ezimweni zasehlobo elifushane, uyakwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno ngenxa yesikhathi sokukhula esifushane.
Kuzo zombili izifunda ezifudumele nezibandayo, kungakuhle ukuthi utshale iTason ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesayithi. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, amajikijolo ngeke athole umbala ofanele futhi aqhubeke abe mhlophe ngombala. Inhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele ibe nokuvunda futhi inomswakama-ivunyelwe, ngaphandle kokubhukuda.
Okuhle kunakho konke, amagilebhisi azizwa evikelekile kocingo noma izakhiwo ezivikela izihlahla emimoyeni ebandayo.
Kokubili kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla kufanelekile ukutshala amagilebhisi. Njengoba iTason ivame ukutshala ezindaweni ezibandayo, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo (kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi) kuyinto efiseleka kakhulu kuye. Kulokhu, izithombo zizoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
I-Tason nayo iyatshalwa ngezitshalo ezimpande, futhi itshalwe kwisitoko esidala. Izimbambo zalezi zindlela zivunwa ekwindla, zisike ingxenye evuthiwe yomvini ngamehlo ayi-4-5. Ebusika, izingxenye zabo zifakiwe, kanti ukusika ngokwabo kuhlanza emiphongolweni noma esiqandisini.
Ngokulondolozwa okungcono komswakama osikiwe, izingxenye zokugcina kufanele zimbozwe ngopharafini
Ukugoma kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Khetha isitoko sendoda endala, esisikwe ngokuphelele, ushiye i-hemp encane.
- Ama-cut cut asikwa nge-wedge futhi afakwa emgodini owenziwe nge-hatchet ebukhali maphakathi nes stoke-stock.
- Indawo yokugoma iqiniswa ngendwangu futhi imbozwe ngodaka.
Ividiyo: ukwahlukanisa ukugoma
Uma ufuna ukuthi ukusika kususwe ezimpandeni, khona-ke zisebenza kanjena:
- Engxenyeni yokuqala kaFebhuwari, bakhutshwa endlini yokugcina izimpahla, izingcezu ziyaqabuleka.
- Faka ingxenye engezansi yesibambo embizeni yamanzi noma ebhodweni (noma ebhodleleni lepulasitiki elisikiwe) nenhlabathi enomswakama.
- Maphakathi no-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ividiyo: izithombo zomvini ezikhulayo ezivela kuChubuk
Ukutshala amagilebhisi kunezinyathelo ezilandelanayo:
- Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi ulungiswa ngokujula nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-0.8.
- Ngokwesigamu sokujula, umgodi ugcwele ingxube yezakhi (umhlaba ovundile, umquba, usawoti we-potassium phosphorus), embozwe ungqimba lomhlaba omncane.
- Isithombo sisethelwe emgodini, sizama ukungaphuli izimpande ezintsha ezimhlophe.
- Ifafazwe ngomhlaba, icwecwe futhi iniselwa.
Ukuqinisekisa ukudonswa kwamanzi, ungqimba lodwala noma izitini ezaphukile uthululwa emgodini wokufika uma kunesidingo
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Isikhathi siphendulwa ekunakekelweni okuhle, kepha abukho bunzima obukhulayo kulokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Ukugoqa nokubopha
Ngenxa yokukhula okunamandla, izihlahla zomvini kufanele zibekwe lapho zibunjiwe. Indlela elula is fan. Ungakha nesihlahla ngesimo se -ronon enamabili noma usikhule ku-arch. Ezindaweni ezifudumele lapho amagilebhisi angadingi ukumbozwa ubusika, angatshalwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, njengesihlahla.
Kuthatha iminyaka engama-3-4 ukuthola isihlahla esinjenge-fan
Lapho ukhula, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho eyisisekelo:
- Umthwalo ofanele weTason ungaphezu kwama-30- 40 amahlumela esihlahleni.
- Umvini ngamunye kufanele unqunywe emehlweni ayi-10-12.
Amagilebhisi anesisindo esiphakeme angatshalwa ezindaweni ezifudumele
Ekwindla, amagilebhisi asikiwe, asusa izingxenye ezingavuthiwe zomvini, amagatsha angeziwe kanye namahlumela wokuqina. Uma amazinga okushisa ebusika esifundeni ewela ngezansi -22 ... -24 ° C, ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba imivini kufanele ibekwe phansi emhlabathini futhi imbozwe. Ama-agrofabric afanelekile, ungqimba lomhlaba, utshani noma i-oyela yemifino.
Ukuvikela amagilebhisi kwisithwathwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubopha imivini, uyibeke phansi bese uyimboza ngotshani
Ukunisela
Ukunisela amagilebhisi adinga ngokulingana - umswakama owedlulele uzolimala kuphela. Ngokuvamile wanisela izikhathi 3-4 ngesizini:
- Ngemuva kwezimbali.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.
- Ngemuva kokuvunwa.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ukuze ulondoloze kangcono umswakama enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezihlahla, kunconywa ukufaka iziyingi zombuthano ngezinto zemvelo:
- Peat
- sawdust
- gunda utshani.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuthola isivuno esiningi, udinga ukufaka umquba njalo esivinini.
- Ukugqoka kwezimpande kokuqala kufakwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali.
- Ngemuva kwalokho izitshalo ziyondliwa ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo - lokhu kusiza ukukhulisa isisindo esiphakathi samaqoqo.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokugcina kwenziwa ekwindla ngosawoti we-potassium, okwandisa ukumelana nesithwathwa zezitshalo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kunconywa ukugqoka phezulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, kepha lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni kwesisindo esiluhlaza sesihlahla kuze kulimaze isivuno.
Izinto ze-organic zethulwa ngendlela yokuthambisa noma ukufakwa kwamaphonsaji enkukhu, futhi umquba obolile ungasetshenziswa (usetshenziswe njengobubanzi be-mulch 7-10 cm). Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amagilebhisi awusizo kakhulu ukulandelela izinto:
- i-boric acid;
- manganese sulfates;
- zinc sulfates.
Amagilebhisi asabela kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu kwefoliar. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa izixazululo ezinamanzi zomanyolo:
- i-nitrogen (ammonium nitrate 0,3%);
- phosphoric (superphosphate 5-7%);
- potash (potassium chloride 1.5%).
Ukugqokisa okuphezulu kungahlanganiswa nokufafazwa kokuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta.
Ividiyo: ukuvundiswa nokufaka umanyolo amagilebhisi
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ama-tason amajikijolo avuthwa ekuphakameni kwehlobo futhi, ngokwemvelo, ahehe izinyoni kanye neminyovu. Ezinyoni, ungavikela izihlahla zomvini ngesivalo (mhlawumbe ziqinile futhi ziname kahle).
Ungaphunyula iminyovu ngokubeka izicupho ezingabonakali futhi ubhubhise izidleke zama-Hornet. Uma ungesabi ngomsebenzi owengeziwe, kungcono ukusonga ibhulashi ngalinye esikhwameni se-gauze.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinambuzane ezizuzisayo zingawela ezingibeni zezinambuzane.
Isikhwama se-mesh sizovikela ngempumelelo isivuno samagilebhisi kusuka kuminyovu
Njengoba iyingozi kakhulu kunokuhlanza iminyovu, ingahle ibe yi-phylloxera - i-aphid eyi-microscopic ethinta zombili izingxenye zesitshalo nesistimu yezimpande. Ngokumelene nalo, ukwelashwa nge-volatile carbon disulfide kuzosiza:
- Nge-lesion enzima ye-phylloxera, kusetshenziswa umthamo ka-300-400 cm3/ m2. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubhubhise izinambuzane, kepha isivini singafa.
- Ukulima ukutshala, sebenzisa umthamo ka-80 cm3/ m2.
Ukwehlulwa kwamagilebhisi phylloxera kubhekwa njengenye yezingozi kakhulu
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-phylloxera ngokuxhuma esitokisini esilwa ne-phylloxera.
Isikhathi asivumelani kakhulu ne-oidium, isikhutha ne-grey bola. Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kokuqala kwamagilebhisi, lezi zifo azihlali "zigijimisa isivuno" ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesivuno. Kodwa ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kuyadingeka kunoma yikuphi. Ukulungiselela kwe-Copper kufanelekile:
- Bordeaux ketshezi
- UCaptain
- Vitriol,
- Ama-Tsinos.
Ukuvunwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo
Isikhathi siqala ukuqoqa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaJulayi. Uma isivuno sihle kakhulu, ungashiya ngokuphepha amanye amabhulashi esihlahleni - alengiswa kuze kube maphakathi noSepthemba, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo.
Amagilebhisi avuniwe agcinwa esiqandisini cishe inyanga. Amagilebhisi amiswe egumbini elipholile elimnyama ahlala izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Isizini livame ukusetshenziswa okusha, kepha lingacutshungulwa ngokwenza:
- omisiwe
- newayini
- ujusi
- compote
- ama-backmes.
I-Beckmes, noma uju lwamagilebhisi, akuyona nje into esiphundu nje kuphela, kepha futhi yindawo enempilo
Ukubuyekezwa kwabatshali bamagilebhisi
Ngimangazwe ngokuphelele yikhono lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zokulondolozwa isikhathi eside emahlahleni. Kuvulwe ngo-Agasti 5 futhi manje uSepthemba 12 ulenga esikhwameni se-gauze. Ukunambitheka kugqame kakhulu kune-natimeg. Amajikijolo apinki ngokuphelele, njengoba aminyene futhi enoshukela, angiqapheli noma yikuphi ukuvilapha, njengoba kwenzekile ngoKrasa Nikopol namuhla (kodwa angizange ngizame ushukela onjengalokhu ku-KN, inyanga ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ebangeni elilodwa lethebula).
U-Evgeny Anatolyevich, eStavropol Territory//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Isikhathi esivinini sami kungenye yezinhlobo ezhlonishwayo nezithandekayo zomndeni wami. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ikhadi lami lokushaya kunoma yimiphi imibukiso. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kudinga ukukhethwa, okokuqala, kwendawo enhle efudumele futhi ekhanyisiwe, ukuvikelwa okunekhono nangesikhathi ezifweni, bese muhle! Ngokuqondene nenyakatho yeBelarus, ngiyithatha njengeyokujwayelekile ukunambitheka kanye nokuthengiseka kokukhula kaphethiloli ophelile, kepha ngokwesiko le-parietal, kukhiqiza iziqu ezijwayelekile ezinesisindo esingu-500-600 g (endaweni ebamba ukushisa okufika ku-800 g, iyakhula nayo) i-aphuzi ephuzi ephuzi-pink g, ngoba enyakatho "asilona fat". Okuqukethwe ushukela cishe kwe-17-19% kutholakala kahle kuma-acidity aphansi, azikho izinkinga ezithile ngokuvuthwa kwezivini, futhi isivuno siphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngiphawule ukuthi amaqoqo axhonywa kahle isikhathi eside emabeleni. Kepha uma ngiphinda ngigcizelela ukuthamba ngesikhathi sokutshala akuxoleli.
Vadim Tochilin, Novopolotsk, Belarus//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=185.0
Isikhathi, ngokuqhathaniswa nabase-Asia baseCentral efanayo, "sishiya" kahle izifo zesikhunta, ezimeni zethu, somoya omncane kanye nokufafaza ngokungafanele, ungathola i-oidium kuma-bunches, kepha ngokuvamile, ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile, hhayi ngokweqile, izinhlobonhlobo zibonisa kahle (hhayi URizamat akayona i-Shahin, ngamagama), ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi ngisho neTason ingumuntu omhlophe waseYurophu, kodwa kufanele sinakwe.
I-Krasokhina, i-Novocherkassk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Ukudonswa okukodwa kweTason yisembozo. Kulonyaka isivuno sokuqala sing--6 kg (esikhathini esidlule - ibhulashi lesiginali kuminyaka engu-2 ubudala belingathandeki kangako) ibhulashi elikhulu kunazo zonke liyi-850 g., Umbala nokunambitheka akunakuqhathaniswa! Kepha iminyova namanje ingavuni ukuluma. Ngizolengisa izikhwama ngonyaka olandelayo.
IHITRO, idolobha lase-Ochakov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Ukunambitheka kwe-Tason yi-EXCLUSIVE, i-nutmeg. U-Oidium - uYebo omncane. Mildew - cha. Ama-Wasps - yebo, amnandi kakhulu futhi igobolondo lincane.
Belikova Galina, Volgograd//vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=62&t=115
Nginesihlahla esisodwa esidonsa izithelo salolu hlobo. Ngihlela ukuphinde ngihlome kabusha ezinye izihlahla ezimbalwa ngalolu hlobo. Isikhathi sangempela siyizinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi eziqala kakhulu ngama berry amnandi. Iphenywa kahle, izixha zezethulo, eziphakathi nendawo, ngaphandle kwepea. Amajikijolo avuthiwe aphuzi, amnandi nge-natimeg ezintekenteke. Izifo zokukhunta ezihlalweni zobukhosi zazingekho. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kungcono ukucubungula ukukhula okuluhlaza kusuka ku-isikhutha ne-oidium, ngoba ngoSepthemba, iTason livame ukuthintwa yilezi zifo. Lokhu kwelashwa kugcina isembozo esinqumayo, esinomthelela ekuvuthweni okungcono kwemivini nokubeka isivuno sonyaka olandelayo.
ISenchanin, e-Ukraine//vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=288
Izithelo zomvini zilungele abasebenza nge wayini cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda sase Russian. Kuyiqiniso, ukuthola isivuno esihle kuzodinga umsebenzi othile nesikhathi, kepha kuyokhokha ngezimpawu ezinhle zamajikijolo.
