Amagilebhisi - lesi ngesinye sezitshalo zokuqala abantu abaqala ukuzihlakulela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika kwenkathi yethu. Namuhla, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-600 zale berry yelanga zisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-8 000 zamagilebhisi ezahlukahlukene zazaluswa abafuyi, enye yazo iTukay.
Indaba yamagilebhisi aseTukay
Emhlabeni weDon, edolobheni laseNovocherkassk kune-All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture neWinemaking eqanjwe ngemuva Ya. I. Potapenko, owaqala umlando wakhe emuva ngeminyaka yama-30s yekhulu lamashumi amabili ngesivivinyo sokuqala sesayensi sesazi uN.I Vavilov. Kungalesi sikhungo lapho abalimi basebenza njalo ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezintsha ezingamelana nezifo futhi zingasabi isithwathwa, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zivune okunotha nokunambithekayo. Njengomphumela weqa i-Central Asia yezinhlobonhlobo i-Yakdona (izifanekisombhalo ze-Yakdon ezimhlophe, i-Egdona Turkmen, Ak yakdona) nezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zaseHungary iZhemchug Saba, kutholakale uhlobo olusha lwe-hybrid Tukai olusha. Kungokwesigaba sezinhlobo ze-Euro-Asia.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zikaThuka zazalulwa e-All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture neWinemaking eqanjwe ngemuva kwalokho Y. I. Potapenko
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeTukay
UTukay uthathe izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu "kubazali" bakhe: isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Yakdon kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zeZhemchug Saba. Izihlahla zalo lamagilebhisi zinamandla, isibalo esikhulu samajikijolo avuthwa emvinini owodwa. Izithombo ngokushesha futhi kahle izimpande. Izimbali zikaThuka zingamabhayisekili, ngakho-ke inqubo yokuvota yenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga (ingaphulwa kuphela uma izimvula zihlala zigeleza ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwamagilebhisi, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela). Amaqabunga asayizi aphakathi, oluhlaza okotshani, okhontshisiwe kancane.
Amajikijolo amaTukay anesisindo esingu-2-4 g, futhi kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungavuna kuze kufike ku-20 kg
Iqoqo likhulu, linamahlamvu, li-cylindrical-conical. Ubukhulu bezandla buphakathi. Isisindo sebhulashi, ngokwesilinganiso, singama-700-800 amagremu, kepha singafinyelela ikhilogremu! Amajikijolo ayindilinga, aweleso, anesisindo esingu-2-4 amagremu, njengomthetho, awavuthi. Umbala wamajikijolo, ngokuya ngokukhanya kwelanga, ungahluka kusuka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani nokumhlophe okwe-Milky, nge-“tan” encane. I-pulp inoshukela, iphunga elimnandi le-acidity ne-natimeg. Okuqukethwe ushukela kwe-17-19%. Isikhumba simanzi, kepha asiqinisi. UTukai unhlobonhlobo olukhiqiza phezulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokuthenwa okufanele esihlahleni esisodwa, ungasusa ama-kilogramu ayi-16 kuya kwayi-85 amajikijolo.
Izici zezitshalo
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseTukay zingezindlela ezisezingeni eliphakeme zetafula nzalo yokuvuthwa kokuqala. Isikhathi sokukhula esifundeni eseningizimu yezwe lethu yizinsuku ezingama-90-100. Kepha futhi ikhule ngempumelelo kumzila ophakathi nendawo, e-Urals, nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi zaseSiberia, ikakhulukazi, e-Altai Territory. Lapho umvini uzovuthwa isikhashana, cishe izinsuku ezingama-130. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwalesi siqubuko kuvumela ukungayimbozi imivimbo ebusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu zokukhula, njengoba ukuqhuma kubekezelela ukwehla komoya ekushiseni komoya kuya ku-25 ° C. Ezifundeni ezinamafrimu anamandla kakhulu, amagilebhisi kusafanele alungiselelwe ubusika. Ukuze uthole lokhu, ungasebenzisa izinto ezejwayelekile: ifilimu yepulasitiki, ukuzizwa kophahla, indwangu, amagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, amakhadibhodi
Yize iqiniso lokuthi iTukay iyakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa ka -25 ° C, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kufanele imbozwe ngefilimu ebusika
Ukuvuthwa kwangoko kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno ngo-Agasti, nasezifundeni eziseningizimu ngisho nasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeki ukuvuna ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ungakwenza emuva kwesikhathi. Amajikijolo angagcinwa isikhathi eside esihlahleni ngaphandle kokukhubazeka futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo nokubukeka. UThahla unezinto zokuhamba ezinhle, azonakaliswa lapho zihanjiswa amabanga amade. Ibuye igcinwe kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ngaphandle kokuthi, empeleni, izimo ezithandekayo zesitoreji zidaliwe. Gcina amagilebhisi egumbini elomile elinamazinga okushisa ayi-1-8 ° C.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iTukay ikhula kahle futhi ithela izithelo ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele, kepha hhayi esishisa kakhulu. Uma umoya ufudumala ngenhla kuka-35 ° C, ukukhula nokukhula kwesihlahla kungancipha.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula
Akunandaba noma yiziphi izici ezisezingeni eliphakeme zohlobo lwamagilebhisi e-hybrid enazo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esihle ngaphandle kokulandela zonke izindlela ze-agrotechnical. Kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenze kanzima futhi unikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele esitshalweni kuso sonke isikhathi sonyaka.
Ukufakelwa
Njenganoma yiliphi igilebhisi, uTukai ukhetha ukukhulela ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle, nezinhlaka ezivaliwe. Kuhle ukusitshala ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesakhiwo noma uthango. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, lokhu kuhlukahluka akufuneki kakhulu. Uma ingekho i-chernozem, inhlabathi e-loamy ne-loamy. Ukugcotshwa kukasawoti nokugcwala ngokweqile, amaxhaphozi akumlungele. Izimpande zezithelo zomvini ziya ekujuleni okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwamanzi asemhlabathini ngokushesha kuzosibhubhisa lesi sitshalo.
Ngezansi komgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi kufanele kubekwe amanzi
Ama-cuttings afakwe emanzini ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziningana ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwezimpande. Lapho ukutshala, ukusika kufanele kungcwatshwe emiseleni evundiswe kahle noma emigodini ngamasentimitha angama-50. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yezimpande, kusize ukuvalelwa kwezihlahla zasebusika kanye nenqubo yokugcinwa kweqhwa, ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ukuqandelwa kwamagilebhisi. Ukudonswa kobumba, amagatsha awomile nezinduku kubekwa ngaphansi komsele, bese kumbozwa ngomhlaba oxutshwe nesihlabathi kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali oyimbumba noyinkimbinkimbi. Izilimo ezitshaliwe kumele ziniselwe kakhulu futhi zifakwe phakathi
Izihlahla
Njengoba izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zaseTukay zikhula kabanzi, futhi amaqembu amaningi eboshwe, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amahlumela awalayishwa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amajikijolo azokhula amancane futhi angabanjiswanga. Entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula, amahlumela abuthakathaka ayasuswa, bese amahlumela angaphezulu anciphile. Kuyadingeka ukushiya ama-buds angama-40-45 aqhakaza esihlahleni, nakumahlumela - amehlo ayi-6-7. Amahlumela akude angasetshenziselwa ukusakazwa ngokusikwa okuluhlaza. Amahlumela angakwesobunxele aboshwe kuma-trellises.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ukuthenwa kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa kangcono ekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Uma usongo lwama-frost wasentwasahlobo luhlala, udinga ukushiya izinto zokumboza ezihlahleni isikhashana. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukusika amahlumela entwasahlobo ngenxa yengozi yokujabulisa isikhathi sokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla kukhona okungcono kakhulu okwenziwe ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna nokuwa kwamaqabunga, lapho uhlelo lwempande lulungiselela ubusika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho kukhula khona amagilebhisi, amehlo ambalwa kufanele ashiywe esihlahleni.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kaningana ngesizini, kubhekwe kahle izimo zezulu. Ukunisela kwentwasahlobo nokwindla kubizwa ngokuthi ukufakwa kabusha komswakama. Injongo yabo ukugcwalisa umhlaba ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba izimpande zezithelo zomvini zijula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ngemuva kobusika obuneqhwa umhlabathi usuvele uthambile ngokwanele, akufanele uwunisele kakhulu. Ukuchelela i-Autumn ngokulindela ukuthi isithwathwa kufanele sibe sibaningi impela, ngoba inhlabathi eyomile iqina ngokushesha kunemvula.
Ukushisa kwamanzi kukhethiwe ngokuya ngenhloso. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ukunisela ngamanzi ashisayo kuzofudumeza umhlaba futhi kuvuse ukukhula nokukhula komvini. Kepha ngokusongelwa kweqhwa sekwephuzile, kungcono ukuthulula amanzi apholile ukuze wehlise ukuqunjelwa kwezinso.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela kwentwasahlobo amagilebhisi, amanzi kufanele angene enhlabathini ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka
Ehlobo, udinga ukunisela izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, ugxile ekushiseni komoya, njalo kusihlwa, ekushoneni kwelanga. Isitshalo esisodwa kufanele silinganise amalitha amahlanu kuya kwangama-20 amanzi. Lezi zincomo zinemibandela, ngoba ezifundeni ezihlukene zezulu kufanele kube nendlela eyodwa yokunisela. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuvikela ukweqa ngokweqile kanye nokuthumela amanzi ngenhlabathi, ngoba amagilebhisi azwela kakhulu kuma-nuances anjalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma kwenziwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokutshala, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokukhula ehlobo awukwazi ukondla futhi hhayi ukufafaza izitshalo. Ukhula nokukhulula kungancishiswa kube okungenani. Izindlela ezinjengalezi ezinzima zanconywa nguRostislav Fedorovich Sharov, umlimi owaziwayo futhi umlimi we-viticulturist wenza ukulima amagilebhisi eBiysk. Ngokwesimo sezulu saseSiberia, lezi zincomo zibonakala zinengqondo. Isithwathwa sasebusika esiqinile ngeke sishiya izinambuzane ithuba lokuphila, futhi ungeke wesabe ukuthi izihlahla zomvini zizothinteka. Kepha ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu, lapho isithwathwa singenzeki nhlobo ebusika, ubungozi bokutheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta luphezulu.
Izifo zamagilebhisi
Ukumelana nesifo sikaTukay kuphansi. Ayonakaliswa yi-grey bola, kepha ingahlushwa yizinkinga ezifana ne-oidium ne-isikhutha.
Ukubola okumpunga yisifo fungal esidalwa yi-pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers, i-mycelium ifihlakala amahlumela owonakaliswe ngaphambilini, kanye nakumakhasi awela namajikijolo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-fungus spores asakaza ngenkuthalo futhi athwalwa ngumoya, amaqabunga onakalisayo, amahlumela, ama-inflorescence kanye namaqembu asevele akha. Kuqala, kuvela amabala ansundu ngokufaka okumpunga emaqabungeni nakumahlumela, bese amaqabunga ayoma bese awa, bese amahlumela efa. Ama-inflorescence namajikijolo, lapho alimala ngokubola okungwevu, abune bese ewa.
I-Oidium (kanye ne-Powdery hlobo noma i-ashtray) yisifo esidalwa isikhunta sohlobo lwe-Uncinula lwesigaba se-Ascomycete. Ingaphila kuzo zonke izingxenye zemifino yesihlahla somvini, incela ujusi kusuka kumaseli aphilayo. Njengomphumela womonakalo we-oidium, amaqabunga amahlumela namajikijolo ambozwe ngopende ompunga, omile bese ewa.
I-Mildew (Downy mildew) yisifo samagilebhisi esiyingozi kunazo zonke. Kubangelwa ukhunta uPeronospora Viticola de Bary, olethwe emnyakeni wethu ovela eNyakatho Melika. Ukuthuthukiswa kwethambile kuvame ukukhushulwa yisimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu sezulu. Amabala aluhlaza aphuzi, anamafutha anombala oyindilinga avela emaqabungeni amahlamvu asencane ne-angular, asemithanjeni, wamaqabunga amadala. Ngemuva kwalokho, engxenyeni engaphansi kwamaqabunga angaphansi kwamabala, kukhula i-fluff emhlophe ye-mycelium. Ngendlela efanayo, iziqongo zamahlumela, izimpondo, ama-inflorescence, iziqongo nezithelo zomvini ezincane zingathinteka. I-inflorescence iphenduka iphuzi, igobe, iba nsundu futhi yomile. Futhi amajikijolo aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokugoqa. Uma izinyathelo ezidingekayo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, isihlahla singafa.
Igalari Yezithombe: Isifo Samagilebhisi
- Amajikijolo athinteka e-Oidium embozwe ngengubo, abese ewa
- Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokubola grey ukubukeka kwezindawo ezinsundu ngokuhlanganiswa okumpunga
- I-Mildew iba nesimo sezulu esimanzi kakhulu nesifudumele
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukunqotshwa kwamagilebhisi ngezifo zokukhunta
- Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwentwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo, qiniseka ukuthi isibalo semivimbo yokushona silungile somoya omncane, futhi imigwaqo ibanzi ngokwanele. Ukuncipha kwesihlahla kuzogcina umswakama okweqile, okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlamvu zethamba kanye ne-oidium.
- Ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza, ukufafaza nge-1% Bordeaux ketshezi noma ithusi (i-iron) vitriol kuzovikela ama-ovari asemncane ku-isikhutha. Ungasebenzisa noma yisiphi isidakamizwa se-fungicidal esinikezwa ngumkhakha wanamuhla wamakhemikhali.
- Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe isibabule kuzovikela izitshalo ekuthelelekeni nge-oidium. Kubalulekile ukuthi isibabule isesimweni esincanyana kunazo zonke, bese siyisiphalaza ngayo siyomboza zonke izingcezu eziluhlaza esihlahleni. Ukushisa komoya kwale nqubo kufanele kube ngu-18-20 ° C, ngoba uma kubanda, isibabule ngeke sithinte i-mycelium yamakhowe, futhi ekushiseni kungadala ukushiswa ngamaqabunga namajikijolo.
- Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwezitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula. Bese uyiphinda njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14, kuze kube lapho amajikijolo avuthwa. Futhi uma isimo sezulu lina futhi ilanga linganele, udinga ukufafaza kaningi, njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
- Ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ngomlotha nokufafaza izitshalo ngesixazululo esihlanganisiwe sokukhishwa komlotha kuzosiza futhi ukuvikela ukulimala kwamagilebhisi ngezifo. Isixazululo somlotha kufanele sifakwe izinsuku ezintathu, sihlanjululwe ngamanzi bese sengeza insipho ewuketshezi ukuze sinamathele kangcono.
Ividiyo: ukucubungula amagilebhisi ngesisombululo somlotha
Ukugoma nokukhiqiza kabusha
Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical, impela, zincike kakhulu esimeni sezulu lapho amagilebhisi akhula khona.
Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kunconywa ukutshala ukusika kweTukay ngesihlangu ngamasheya aqine ebusika ohlobo lwasenyakatho, Ekude Mpumalanga 60, e-Alfa, e-Baytur. Le ndlela incoma uRostislav Fedorovich Sharov oshiwo ngaphambili.
Indlela yokuxhunyelelwa kwamagilebhisi ngesihlangu inconywe yiRostislav Fedorovich Sharov eyaziwa kakhulu ngeviniga
Kodwa-ke, izithombo zokubeletha kunoma yisiphi isifunda zinikeza izithombo zomvini waseTukay osevele efakwe kulokho okwenziwa isiphunzi esingamelana nomsuka we-phylloxera.
I-Phyloxera (Dactylosphaera vitifoliae) iyi-aphid yamagilebhisi, incane, efinyelela ku-1 mm ubude obuhlala ezimpandeni nasezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwesihlahla somvini, sincela ujusi kubo. Kwethulwa eYurophu kusuka eNyakatho Melika maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Ngakho-ke, umlimi ngamunye angakhetha noma iyiphi indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi, futhi ngokuzimela asakaze izinhlobonhlobo azithandayo zombili ngokuxhunyelelwa nangokusika.
Ukusika kuyindlela ejwayelekile futhi ephumelelayo yokusabalalisa amagilebhisi. Izinhlobonhlobo zeTukai zibonakala ngesilinganiso esihle sokusinda kwezokusika. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho amahlumela awengeziwe esuswa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa isihlahla. Sikhetha okungcono kakhulu kwabo ukusikwa. Sisebenzisa ingxenye engezansi noma ephakathi yomvini kuphela, eyaphezulu ayifanele.
- Sifaka amahlumela ebhakedeni ngokushesha, siwafafaze, simboze ngendwangu emanzi bese siwafaka engaphansi kobusuku.
- Ngosuku olulandelayo sinquma amahlumela abe yizisiki ezinamaqabunga amabili. Iqabunga elingezansi linqunywe ngokuphelele, kanti phezulu lingxenye kuphela. Ukusuka phansi, sika umhlanga ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinso, futhi phezulu ngamasentimitha ayi-1,5 ngaphezulu kwezinso.
- Okulandelayo, cwilisa ukusika emanzini bese uwatshala ebhokisini lesihlabathi esimanzi kuze kufike ku-3 cm, ibanga phakathi kokusikwa lingama-10 cm. Thela ngamanzi bese umboza ibhokisi ngengilazi noma yokugoqwa kwepulasitiki.
- Usuku ngalunye olulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukufafaza ukusikeka kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza amahlandla ama-4-5 ngamanzi afudumele (20-25 ° C).
- Ngemuva cishe kwamasonto amabili, izimpande zizovela kokusikeka, khona-ke isibalo sokufafazwa sincishiswa kathathu ngosuku. Lapho uhlelo lwezimpande selukhule ngokwanele, sitshala izithombo endaweni engapheli ngokusho kwephethini eli-10 by 5 cm.
- Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwe-cutways kwenziwa njengejwayelekile.
Cishe amaviki ama-2 ngemuva kokutshala, izimpande zizovela kokusika, kepha ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, udinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwezimpande selukhule ngokwanele
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Ngokwami ukwenza, ngivumelana nakho konke okuhle okwashiwo. Iqembu lingasukela ku-300 g liye ku-1.5 kg: kuya ngezimo zokubeka ama-inflorescences ngonyaka owedlule, impova. Ihlala ingahambisi kahle impova kimi, peas. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-Aleshenkin, nenani elilinganayo lama-inflorescence, iphoqelelwa kakhulu (yize u-Aleshenkin engeyona ingqwele). UTukai kumele abekwe emgangathweni owodwa - kulo nyaka okungenani ama-50% ama-inflorescence asusiwe. Kuyacaca ukuthi le nhlobonhlobo ingeyakho. Ukunambitheka kwami yinhle ukunambitha: i-muscat elincanyana, isikhumba esincanyana, esinamanzi amaningi. Ekhaya nasekhaya okuzungezile ukunambitheka kwami kubhekwa njengokumnandi kakhulu kwabakhula nami kakhulu. Umvini wethu uhlala futhi uvuthwa ngokuphelele emthonjeni. Ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka buqondile kakhulu - kudinga okungenani amahlumela ama-4. Kuqala ukuvuthwa eminyakeni yethu ejwayelekile maphakathi no-Agasti. Ngo-Agasti, siyisusa ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhutha sesivele ukukhula okusha okusakhula. Okunye ukufafaza kuyachaphazeleka, ngivame ukulinganisa iziphetho. Kungenga esihlahleni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka. Kodwa ukuyigcina isikhathi eside kangaka kuyizindaba kimi. Kufanele uzame. Ngiyabonga! Ukumelana nesithwathwa, ngokwemizwa yami, kuphakeme ngokusobala kune-21 - ngicabanga ukuthi ngu-25-26 °.Isihlahla sindala, asinikezi ukwakheka komhlaba ngesikhathi, sinamathela lapho sibeka phansi amasentimitha angama-40. Ngabeka ucezu lwekhadibhodi (ingxenye yemikhono yesikhathi eside) kulokho okunamathela ngaphandle, futhi ngimboze okusele komhlaba. Iminyaka eyi-15 Ubusika bujwayelekile. Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kuhlukahluka ngokuya ngekhwalithi kulungele indawo esenyakatho ye-viticulture. Kwabaseningizimu.
Treneva Tatyana Ivanovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2539
Kwangimangaza ukujabulela ukunambitha amajikijolo kaThuka ngoJulayi 16th. Ngakho-ke kusenesikhathi, futhi ukunambitheka sekumnandi kakhulu. Ngonyaka odlule kudliwe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Eqinisweni - ingqwele yeqiniso. Tatyana Ivanovna, sibonga ukusika. Amabhasi akhula ngokujwayelekile, eneliswa ukunambitheka nokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
UTatyana Andreevna, Kremenchug//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2539&page=2
Ukuvuthwa okuqala-ekuqaleni, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, izinga lokusinda cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda sezwe, ukunambitheka okumangalisayo kwe-nutmeg - Amagilebhisi eTukay anganconywa ngokuphepha kunoma ngubani ofuna ukunambitha la amajikijolo amangalisayo, awakhule ngezandla zawo.
