Zonke izinto eziphilayo ngokwemvelo ziyakhula futhi zikhule uma zithola umsoco owanele kulokhu. Ku-raspberries, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, izimpande zikhula ngokulinganiselwe. Zibhinca imbobo yomhlaba enobukhulu obungu-30-50 cm nobubanzi obungu-1-2 m. Isihlahla se-raspberry sithatha wonke umsoco ovela kuleli nani eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala. Ngemuva kwalokho, unyaka nonyaka, ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo, kuqala ukuwohloka, futhi umkhiqizo unciphe. Imvamisa ama-raspberry anika amahlumela kude nesihlahla sikamama ukuze akwazi ukukhula endaweni evundile kakhudlwana. Ukugqoka kokuqala kwentwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu lapho amahlumela ethola amandla futhi elungiselela ukwenziwa izithelo.
On isidingo ukondla raspberries entwasahlobo
Intwasahlobo yezitshalo kuyinkathi yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula. Amaqabunga avulekile, kuvela amaqabunga amancane namahlumela. Kusukela emhlabeni amahlumela esikhundleni. Abantu abaningi babaphatha ngenhlamba, bayibiza ngokuthi ngamahlumela, kodwa kungenxa yabo ukuthi amajikijolo azokhula ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi esimweni sama-raspberry asemuva, kuleli hlobo nasekwindla. Emvelweni, yonke into ixhumene: isivuno samabhishi ngokuqondile sincike kwikhwalithi yamahlumela. Lapho zinamandla, zingcono lapho zimelana nezifo nezinambuzane, kuzofakwa imbali yazo ngaphezulu, amajikijolo amaningi azovuthwa futhi avuthwe.
Ngaphandle kokudla okunempilo, isihlahla se-raspberry asisoze sakhiqiza amajikijolo amaningi kangako.
Ama-raspberries angawathathaphi amandla okuthuthukisa amahlumela anamandla futhi anempilo? Eminyakeni engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala, uchithe wonke umanyolo owafaka emgodini noma emgodini wokufika. Manje izihlahla zimpompoza kuphela imvuthuluka yokudla namanzi evela emhlabeni, eye yawa ngezimpande. Kungangcolile futhi kungaboli amaqabunga amadala, ukhula, njll. Kepha lokhu akwanele!
Amajikijolo kufanele ondliwe entwasahlobo. Umanyolo weNitrogen kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Yitrojeni efaka isandla ekugcwalisekeni komsebenzi osemqoka ekuqaleni kwesizini entsha ngayinye - ukwanda okuhle kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Yebo, amanye ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements nawo ayadingeka, kepha kuze kube manje ngamanani amancane. Bazonqoba ekugqokeni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza, kanye nasekwindla, belungiselela ubusika.
Ukuze wenze amahlumela we-raspberry ambozwe imifino ecwebezelayo, udinga ukufaka ukugqokwa kwe-nitrogen ephezulu
Ukufaka nini i-nitrogen top dress
I-nitrogen iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, kepha futhi iyinto exakayo: inganqwabelana ezitshalweni nezithelo zayo, okuholela ekukhathaleni kwamahlumela. Uma ama-raspberries ebanjiswa ngokweqile, khona-ke amahlumela azoqhakaza, ambozwe ngamahlamvu anamafutha anamanzi amakhulu, kepha angeke aqhakaze nhlobo noma anikeze amajikijolo amancane. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen kufanele kunikezwe kanye kuphela, kungadluli umthamo. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwawo sinwetshiwe: kusukela esikhathini sokuncibilika kweqhwa kuze kube yilapho amahlamvu evula ngokuphelele. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo - lena ngu-Ephreli nakho konke ngoMeyi.
Ividiyo: Ukunakekelwa okusajingijolo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo
Kwinhlabathi ebunjiwe nenhlabathi enesihlabathi, izitshalo ziba zimbi ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke ungenza i-nitrogen ezimbili ngokufaka umfutho amasonto ama-2. Gxila esimweni sama-raspberries. Uma ngemuva kokuphaka kokuqala kukhule, amaqabunga aluhlaza futhi enoshukela, amahlumela aqinile, khona-ke awudingi ukondla okuningi.
Kunezincomo: chitha umanyolo wamaminerali eqhweni elincibilikile. Ngokwemvelo ziyancibilika futhi ziya ezimpandeni. Kungcono ukukwenza lokhu uma kunezimbotshana ngaphansi kwama-raspberries, futhi iqhwa lihlala liziqhingi ezincane. Uma umhlaba wonke usumbozwe yiqhwa, ufafaza umanyolo ngaphezulu kwawo, khona-ke amagalikhi azoncibilika kungqimba oluphambili oluphezulu, kepha ukudla kungenzeka kungadluli ezimpandeni ngeqhwa neqhwa. Umswakama uzovele uvele, i-nitrogen ekhishwe emigodini izokhipha amanzi. Imisebenzi yakho izoba yize, ama-raspberries azosala engadli.
Ukugqoka kokuqala kungenziwa eqhweni elincibilikayo, kepha hhayi wonke umlimi ongase akwazi ukufika endaweni yakhe ngalesi sikhathi
Kuphephile ukondla, lapho umhlabathi usunqunyiwe, ama-raspberry avuka futhi aqale ukukhiqiza amaqabunga. Izimpande ngalesi sikhathi sezivele zimunca umswakama futhi zingabamba umanyolo. Uma une raspberries remontant, futhi uthele zonke amahlumela ekwindla ke umquba lapho inhlabathi lifudumele futhi yomile. Ungafaka umquba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ama-buds, kepha lapho usondla ngokushesha, ama-raspberries amaningi azoba nesikhathi sokuphendula kuwo ngokukhula okusebenzayo kwezihlahla.
Umanyolo wasentwasahlobo wama-raspberries
Kunamanyolo amaningi aqukethe i-nitrogen, kepha angahlanganiswa abe ngamaqembu amathathu: amaminerali, i-organic ne-organomineral. Kufanele ukhethe into eyodwa engabizi futhi eyamukelekayo kuwe, futhi ungayithululeli bese uyithela ngaphansi kwama-raspberries konke okutholayo noma okukuyalile. Khumbula umthetho oyinhloko: kungcono ukudakwa kunokuphuza ngokweqile. Ukusuka kumanyolo owedlulele, usawoti ophakeme uzoqongelela emhlabeni, angashisa izimpande, amaqabunga azoqala ukoma futhi aqhekeke. Futhi le raspberry ayisebenzi ngokuphelele.
Yondla ama-raspberries ngomanyolo wamaminerali
Umanyolo ovame kakhulu oqukethe i-nitrogen yi-urea (urea) ne-ammonium nitrate. Kukhona ne-nitroammophosk; iqukethe ama-macronutrients amathathu ngokulingana okulinganayo ngasikhathi sinye: i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium. Uma uyenza, khona-ke umthamo we-phosphorus ne-potassium ehlobo nasekwindla top dress kuzofanela uncishiswe.
I-Urea noma i-urea - Umanyolo we-nitrogen ojwayelekile kakhulu onegama elikhunjulwa kahle
Imigomo yokusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali we-nitrogen nge-1 m²:
- urea (urea) - 15-20 g;
- ammonium nitrate - 10-15 g;
- nitroammophosk - 20-30 g.
I-isipuni esisodwa ngaphandle kwephezulu siqukethe cishe i-10 g yomanyolo we-granular. Udinga ukukhetha eyodwa kuphela yalawa manyolo amathathu.
Kwi-Intanethi ungathola izindatshana ezibanzi kumanyolo wamaminerali ngemiyalo. Amanani wokufaka kokunye ngalinye ahlukile: kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-70 g / m². Angazi ukuthi lokhu kuchazwa kanjani. Nayi imithamo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ekhonjiswe kumaphakeji omanyolo engiwuthengile. Mhlawumbe abakhiqizi bashintsha ukwakheka, kanti i-urea, eyenziwe, ngokwesibonelo, eMoscow, ihlukile kunaleyo eyenziwe futhi yathengiswa eKrasnoyarsk. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalo ekuhlanganisweni, hhayi kwi-Intanethi. Endabeni yokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-nitrogen, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Gcoba ngokwemiyalo yayo
Umanyolo wezimbiwa emhlabathini omanzi. Fafaza ngokulinganayo bese uthukulula ekujuleni okungama-5 cm ukuze amagrasi ahlangane nenhlabathi. Uma umhlaba womile, khona-ke ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu, qiniseka ukuthulula ama-raspberries. Amagremu omile akufanele axhumane nezimpande. Inketho ekahle ukufaka umanyolo ngaphambi nje kwemvula noma wenze uketshezi oluphezulu lokugqoka:
- Dissolve granules of umanyolo osuvele ukhululiwe ngezinga elifanayo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- ukusakaza isixazululo 1 m²;
- uthele amanzi ahlanzekile ngenhla ukuze i-nitrogen iye ezimpandeni, futhi ingahambi iphume ngaphandle.
Ividiyo: izeluleko zochwepheshe ngezinzuzo nokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wezimbiwa
Ukudla okuphathekayo kwama-raspberry (ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali)
Uma ungathandi i-chemistry, khona-ke Vundisa ngama-organics. Lolu hlobo lomanyolo luhlanganisa: umquba, umquba ojikelezayo, umhluzi we-mullein, umquba wamahhashi, imisele yenyoni, utshani bokhula noma izimbabazane kuphela, kanye nomanyolo oluhlaza. Inzuzo yezinto eziphilayo emvelweni yemvelo, ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule ama-raspberries ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Kukhona ama-Downsides. Ikakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukunquma umthamo ngqo. Ngisho nomanyolo ofanayo, ngokwesibonelo, umquba kumakhosi ahlukahlukene uhlukile kusethi yezakhi zomzimba nokuhlushwa kwazo. Izinto eziphilayo zicebisa umhlaba nge-potassium, phosphorus, ama-microelements ngezindlela ezihlukile, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke kukhona i-nitrogen kuwo. Ngalezi zomanyolo, kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali, ama-raspberries angashiswa ngokweqile, abangele ukukhathala futhi kushise izimpande.
Ukuphakama kakhulu kwenanyolo ye-nitrogen kungadala ukushiswa kwezimpande, izihlahla zizokoma
Yena uqobo wake washisa wonke amatamatisi akhe ngamaconsi ezinyoni. Babezigcina izinkukhu, beqoqa udoti, bezisakaza ngendlela engangithanda ngayo, bazithulule. Ngicabange: kahle, ukuthi, yikuphi ukulimala okungaba khona okuvela ezinhlakeni zami. Wabona ukulimala emahoreni ambalwa. Amaqabunga kumatamatisi aphenduka aphuzi, bese omiswa kanye neziqu. Kusukela lapho, angikholwa nemiyalo ekupakweni. Okokuqala, ngizama ukumnika ukhula noma isitshalo esisodwa. Uma kungashisi, ngiyondla.
Kunamazinga avivinywa isikhathi eside abalimi abawenza ngaphansi kwama-raspberries futhi bathole umphumela omuhle. Futhi udinga ukukhetha umanyolo owodwa:
- Humus - umquba olele esizeni unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Fafaza ibhakede eli-1 nge-1 m² bese uxuba nenhlabathi. Umquba omusha awulungele ngokwezi zinhloso lezi zinhloso. Ngenkathi efudumele, iyakhula, ngenkathi ikhipha ukushisa okukhulu, ingashisa izimpande, ngaphezu kwalokho, idonsela izinambuzane ezihlala emhlabathini, isibonelo, ibhere, ihhashi, njll.
- Ukufakwa kwe-mullein noma umquba wamahhashi. Gcwalisa ibhakede le-1/3 ngama-organics, engeza amanzi phezulu, ikhava, uthele i-Fermentation endaweni efudumele. Vula futhi uvuse nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, usakaze isaladi ngamanzi 1:10 bese uthela ama-raspberries - 1 ibhakede nge-1 m².
- Ukufakwa kokuphonswa kwezinyoni kwenziwa, njengakuqala, kepha hlanganisa isiga esidliwayo esingu-1:20. Izinga lokunisela liyafana.
- Ukufakwa kokhula noma i-nettle. Thatha kuphela izingxenye ezithandekayo zezitshalo, u-chop, ugcwalise ithangi ngezinto ezingavuthiwe bese ugcwalisa ngamanzi. Gqoka ukuvutshelwa, uvuse ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7- 7, fafaza inqwaba ngamanzi 1: 5 bese uthele ama-raspberries ngesisekelo: ibhakede ngemitha yesikwele.
- I-Siderata ngokujwayelekile ingakukhulula ekudleni. Nihlwanyele emigodini yasentwasahlobo: lupine, clover, peas. Lezi zitshalo ziyakwazi ukuheha i-nitrogen ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, futhi ukwethulwa kwenqwaba yazo eluhlaza emhlabathini kulinganiswa nomanyolo womquba noma womquba. Lapho ama-buds evela ku-siderata, uwagawule bese uwawabeka emaphaseleni. Bazoqala ukubola futhi bacebise umhlaba ngomanyolo we-macro- and micronutrient.
Khumbula umthetho owodwa ngaphezulu: ngemuva kokusebenzisa noma iliphi i-liquid top dress, nisela umhlabathi ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Hlambulula bese ushiya uma isixazululo selutholile.
Amaresiphi we-mullein, indle yamahhashi kanye nemfucumfucu yedoti alungele izithako ezintsha kuphela oziqoqele enkukhuni noma ezinkomeni. Gcina umanyolo (ihhashi humus, imisele yenyoni eyomile, njll.) Sebenzisa njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumaphakeji abo.
Ividiyo: iresiphi yomanyolo "oluhlaza" (ukumfaka amakhambi)
Ama-raspberries okondla we-Organomineral
Lokhu kufaka imikhakha emibili yomanyolo:
- Kuthengiwe okuhlanganisiwe okwenzelwe izitshalo ze-berry: I-Gumi-Omi, iFertika, ishidi elihlanzekile nabanye. Funda ngokucophelela ukwakheka. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi entwasahlobo i-nitrogen kufanele kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, okungukuthi, kufanele ifakwe emgqonyeni ophakeme kunezinye izinto. Kungcono ukuthenga umanyolo okhethekile obhalwe kumaphakeji "Spring" noma "Spring". Imvamisa izitolo ezixubayo ziqukethe ama-humus (humus, umquba) oxutshwe nomanyolo wamaminerali, aqukethe: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-magnesium, isibabule, i-boron, ithusi nezinye izinto eziwusizo kuma-raspberries.
- Izindlela zakho zokupheka, okungukuthi, ungangeza womanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali ngasikhathi sinye, kepha udinga ukumisa umthamo, ngokwesibonelo: i-10 g ye-urea nengxenye yebhakede le-humus nge-1 m² noma thela ukumnika kwe-mullein hhayi izikhathi eziyishumi kodwa ezingama-20 futhi ungeze isixazululo se-5-7 g se-ammonium nitrate. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuyadingeka lapho kunento encane ye-organic, kepha futhi ufuna ukuletha i-chemistry okungenani.
Imvamisa abakhiqizi bakhombisa kumaphakeji ngomanyolo ukuthi isizini yabo yenzelwe ini.
Ukugqokwa kwamaqabunga okusajingijolo
Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-Foliar kuyinto i-ambulensi yama-raspberries. Izakhamzimba zidonswa amaqabunga ngokushesha, asikho isidingo sokulinda ukuba zithathwe emhlabathini futhi zithunyelwe namajusi kuzo zonke izingxenye zesihlahla. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi kukhawulelwe kuphela ekugqokeni okuphezulu kokuphezulu, ngoba basebenza endaweni. Isisekelo sesitshalo izimpande zazo neziqu, futhi ngeke kube nokudla okwanele emaqabungeni.
Izimo lapho ukugqoka phezulu kwamaqabunga kuyadingeka:
- Uphuzile ngokufaka umanyolo ezimpandeni, izihlahla zibukeka zicindezelekile, zikhula kabi, udinga ukusekela isitshalo ngokushesha.
- Umhlaba ugcwele izikhukhula, ukwengeza nokugqoka okungaphezulu okuwuketshezi, okusho ukuthi kuphela okuqinisa isimo.
- Ama-raspberry anezimpande ezilimele (izifo, izinambuzane, ukukhulula okujulile, ukususwa okungalungile kokugcwala ngokweqile, njll.).
- Umhlaba we-Clay awugqinsi kakhulu; asikho isixazululo sokondla esihamba ngezimpande noma ngokwengxenye.
- Inhlabathi inama-acidic, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements complements ama-raspberry awakwazi ukumunca.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar kuyinto i-ambulensi yama-raspberries, ukudla kuhanjiswa emacembe ngokushesha
Ngokuphaka okungelolimi, ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa okushiwo kakade ngotshani, buhlanjululwe ngamanzi 1: 5. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, kufanele ihlungwe ukuze isifutho noma inisela ingasebenzi. Ungaphinda ufafaze ngesixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali, kepha ekugxilweni okuphansi kunokwembathisa izimpande. Thatha ibhakede lamanzi:
- 1 tbsp. l i-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate;
- 1-1.5 Ubuciko. l nitraamofoski.
Izinga lokugeleza kwekhambi lizoba lincane, lothambisa wonke amaqabunga ngokwanele. Lapho uthenga umanyolo, funa imininingwane kule miyalo: kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa futhi nokugqoka okungaphezulu kwefoliar. Izingxube eziningi zesimanjemanje ezinenjongo yonke.
Ividiyo: ukugqoka okungokwesiko kuyini, kanjani ukukwenza
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bakha amasethi akhethekile we-trace element, abizwa ngokuthi "amavithamini" wezitshalo, umuthi wokulwa nokucindezela noma ukukhuthaza ukukhula (i-Epin, i-Novosil, i-Engengen, njll.). Kodwa-ke, azinayo i-nitrogen futhi ayikwazi ukondla ama-raspberries. Izinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula zikwazi ukusekela izitshalo ezimweni eseqile (isithwathwa, isomiso, umehluko wamazinga okushisa), ziqinisa ukungatheleleki kwazo, zisize ukululama ezifweni, ukusheshisa okuqhakaza izimbali nokuvuthwa, kepha ngaphandle kokondla okuyisisekelo, umphumela wazo uzoba mncane.
Yondla raspberries ngomlotha
I-Ash iqukethe cishe zonke izinto zethebula lesikhathi, kepha ayikho i-nitrogen kuwo, okusho ukuthi ayinakuba yingubo enkulu yasentwasahlobo, kodwa isebenza kuphela njengento eyengeziwe, kodwa ewusizo kakhulu. Umlotha wezinkuni:
- ulwa nezifo zokukhunta enhlabathini;
- ukwethusa futhi kubhubhise nezinambuzane eziningi;
- kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ayenze ikhululeke;
- igudluza i-acidity yenhlabathi ibheke kwi-alkali, ikhululekile kuma-raspberry.
Sebenzisa umlotha omusha kuphela noma ogcinwe endaweni eyomile ngaphansi kwekhava kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. Uma evakashele emvuleni noma egcinwe iminyaka eminingana emswakama ophezulu, khona-ke kukhona izakhi ezimbalwa ezimbalwa kuwo, futhi akukho kusabela kwe-alkaline nakancane.
Qoqa umlotha osuka emlilweni ngokushesha nje lapho uphola futhi uwugcine esitsheni esivaliwe
Umgqomo wepulasitiki ogcwele umlotha wawumi endaweni yethu; wawungavaliwe ngesivalo. Kwakugcinwe lapho iminyaka engaba mi-5. Ngentwasahlobo edlule ngikhumbule lesi sitoko nganquma ukusisebenzisa. Ngabutha ngesihlungo futhi ngachitha uthuli olwahlala ngumbethe obethelwe esiphambanweni. Akunamiphumela, izinambuzane zaqhubeka nokubhubhisa engizitshalile. Vele, bekunokwenzeka ukuthi uthathe isinqumo sokuthi ngeke ukwazi ukubulala izinambuzane zesimanje, futhi umlotha awusasebenzi kuzo. Kepha ngiyathanda ukufika phansi kwalezi zizathu. Nginqume ukubheka umlotha nge-litmus test. Yigobe ngamanzi ngodaka futhi wehlise i-litmus. Umbala wayo awukashintshi, okungukuthi, umlotha wami awuzange umele lutho lwenani, awunampendulo ye-alkaline. Akakwazanga ukulimaza noma yiziphi izingcezu, futhi wehlise ne-acidity enhlabathini.
Ukuze ngiqhathanise, ngivivinye umlotha omusha esitofini se-sauna. Izulu noMhlaba: ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus kwaphenduka okwesibhakabhaka ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ungabalaleli labo abathi umlotha awubasizi. Bavele abazi ukuthi bangayigcina kanjani futhi bayisebenzise.
Indlela yokugqoka i-ash top igqoke ilula kakhulu: uthele ingilazi yomlotha ebhakedeni lamanzi, hlanganisa, kuze kuthi lapho kuxazululwa isikhashana, uthele ngaphansi kwama-raspberries - amalitha ayi-10 nge-1 m². Enye indlela: fafaza ingilazi yomlotha ngokulinganayo endaweni efanayo bese uhlangana nengaphezulu. Yenza le ngubo ephezulu ngaphambi kokunisela noma imvula.
Ividiyo: mayelana nezinzuzo zomlotha wezitshalo
Ungangezi umlotha ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka umanyolo nge-nitrogen noma ngawo, futhi ungangezi kuma-infusions e-organic. I-nitrogen ne-alkali yakha inxanxathela eguquguqukayo - i-ammonia. Ingxenye ye-nitrogen izomane inyamalale ngaphandle kokungena kuma-raspberries, bese umlotha uzolahlekelwa amandla awo okwenza umhlabathi ungasebenzi kahle. I-Ash rasping inika ama-raspberries amasonto amabili emva kwe-nitrogen.
Ama-raspberry okondla entwasahlobo kuwumcimbi obophekile futhi odingekayo. Kwanele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukufaka ukugqoka okukodwa okukhulu ngomanyolo we-nitrogen (amaminerali noma i-organic) nangemva kokungeziwe - ama-micronutrients (ukukhuthaza ukukhula, umlotha). Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukugqoka phezulu kwe-foliar kuzosiza. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalo, sebenzisa izindlela zokufakazela ezifakiwe. Noma iyiphi isinyathelo ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
