Iklabishi elibomvu: izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezincomo zokunakekelwa

Iklabishi elibomvu "liyisihlobo" esiseduze kakhulu kubo bonke iklabishi elimhlophe elijwayelekile. Ngaphezu komthunzi wamaqabunga angajwayelekile, kunokwehluka okuningana okukhona phakathi kwawo, kepha ubuchwepheshe bezolimo abunangqondo. Ukunakekela akunzima ukwedlula iklabishi elijwayelekile, akukho lutho olungaphezu kwemvelo oluvela kumlimi oludingekayo. Muva nje, kuye kwavela izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuzala ezalaniswa ngokuzalaniswa, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okuthile okubabayo, okwaze kwaba yilapho kuvimbela isiko lelo ukuthola ukuthandwa okubanzi.

Ngabe iklabishi elibomvu libukeka kanjani nokuthi lisebenza kanjani

Ngokuya kwencazelo ye-botanical, iklabishi elibomvu empeleni alifani neklabishi elimhlophe elijwayelekile. Umthunzi ongajwayelekile wamaqabunga ubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-anthocyanins. Ungahluka kusuka onsomi kuya ku-red-violet ne-blue-lilac. Uhlobo lomhlabathi nalo luyawuthinta. Emhlabathini acidic amaqabunga aphenduka abomvu, enhlabathini we-alkaline aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-Anthocyanins anikeza iklabishi elibomvu inyamazane ethile yesiqhingi esidabukisayo esingesibo bonke abantu. Kepha izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje kanye nzalo ezifuywa abafuyi bezitshalo zingenaso lesi sici esingemnandi.

Izwe lethu bebelokhu bejwayelene nale nkambiso isikhathi eside. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kweklabishi elibomvu kwatholakala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Izwe lawo elingumlando yiMedithera. Le iklabishi livame kakhulu eTurkey, Greece, Tunisia, Algeria.

Ngokuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia, iklabishi elibomvu lingaphansi kakhulu kweklabishi elimhlophe

Isisindo esivamile senhloko yeklabishi iyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1-1.2 kg kuya ku-3.5-4 kg. Kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesimo, zingacishe zibe yindilinga futhi zithotshozwe, ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile azivamile. Isiqu sesitshalo sifushane kakhulu, amakhanda eklabishi acishe alala phansi. Uhlelo lwezimpande lunamandla, luthuthukisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, iklabishi elibomvu libekezelela isomiso kahle futhi kuyaqabukela lishiya umcibisholo.

Isikhathi sokumila kweklabishi elibomvu isikhathi eside, sivame ukuhlala engadini kuze kube yiqhwa

Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi iklabishi elibomvu liqine kakhulu kuneklabishi elimhlophe, mancane amathuba okuthi bahlushwa yizifo nezinambuzane, futhi lakha amakhanda amnyama kakhulu eklabishi. Izinga lokushisa elilungele ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko ngu-16-18ºС. Izithombo ezisanda kufakwa engadini zisanda kwenza ukuthi zehle ziye ku -4-6 ° C, izitshalo ezindala - kuya -6-8 ° C.

Amakhanda weklabishi abomvu aminyene kakhulu

Amaqabunga awanajusi, ngakho iklabishi elibomvu alilungele ukuthathwa. Umbala wezitsha ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa ubekekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ebalulekile yezinzuzo inqubo incithekile. Kodwa kuma-salads, le iklabishi yinhle kakhulu. Ingafakwa usawoti futhi ifakwe emanzini anosawoti. Futhi uma ulungiselela isidlo esiseceleni sesitsha senyama, ukudla okusindayo kungcono futhi kushesha ukugaya.

E-Russia, iklabishi elibomvu akuvamile ukuthi kukhethwe, kodwa eYurophu sekuyisikhathi eside laziswa

Ukuvunwa kuvame ukuvunwa emavikini ama-2-3 ngemuva kweklabishi. Kepha kukhona futhi okuhlukile - izinhlobo ezihlukaniswa abafuyi lapho amakhanda akhiwa ngezinsuku eziyi-100 noma ngaphansi. Futhi, le klabishi iyabongwa ngokuthwala nokugcina ikhwalithi. Cishe noma yiziphi izinhlobo zayo ngenxa yobuningi bamakhanda iklabishi ligcinwa libi kunezinhlobo zakamuva zeklabishi elimhlophe elakhelwe le nhloso. E-cellar, engaphansi, enye indawo emnyama enomoya omuhle, umswakama 80% nangaphezulu, izinga lokushisa 0-4ºС, lingalala bonke ubusika ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubonakala kokubukeka, ukunambitheka kanye nezinzuzo.

Iklabishi elibomvu liyasiza kakhulu empilweni:

• uvithamini C kuyo uphindwe kabili kukamhlophe. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuba khona kwamavithamini eqembu B, A, K, E, PP, U, iron, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, magnesium, selenium, ithusi;
• ama-anthocyanins athinta umbala wamaqabunga aqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi, abuyisele ukuqina kuzo, anciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi;
• izidakamizwa eziguquguqukayo zinomphumela we-antibacterial kanye ne-anti-inflammatory;
• glucosinolates ama-anticarcinogens wemvelo. Zingathinta ukuhlukaniswa kweseli okungalawulwa. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwale imifino njalo, ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza webele kubantu besifazane iyanqamuka;
• iklabishi elibomvu licebile ngamaprotheni (lingase lithathe indawo yenyama yezinyama zemifino) nama-amino acid. Lezi zinto ziyadingeka ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-yegilo yegilo, izinso nesibindi. Ngaphandle kwe-lactic acid, ukusebenza kahle kwezicubu, inhliziyo nobuchopho akunakwenzeka;
• i-fiber isiza ukuhlanza amathumbu kobuthi nangobuthi, ibuyise i-microflora yayo;
• iklabishi elibomvu alinayo i-sucrose nesitashi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imifino ingadliwa noma ngabe kukhona ushukela wanoma yiluphi uhlobo futhi ingafakwa ngokuphephile ekudleni kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori kungama-25-26 kcal kuphela nge-100 g;
• ewusizo kanye noshukela wale iklabishi. Ngenxa yokulimala kwamanxeba ayo nemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gastritis, isisu kanye nezilonda zamathumbu, kanye ne-tonsillitis, stomatitis, isifo se-periodontal. Futhi uma ufaka uju, ujusi usiza ngesifo sombefu, isifo sofuba, i-bronchitis. Ngokusebenzisa njalo, amapuleti ezinsizakalo zamazinyo nezipikili kuqiniswa, umbala wokukhanya nokuthambisa kwesikhumba, izinwele ziyathamba futhi mancane amathuba okuphuka. Isimo sejusi nsuku zonke asidluli nje ingilazi. Ingahlanganiswa ne-karoti, kepha ayinakuthelwa ngosawoti futhi ihlungiwe.

Ijusi leklabishi elibomvu lihle kakhulu empilweni, libuye lusetshenziswe njengodayi wemvelo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, iklabishi elibomvu belaziwa ukuthi lingathathi hlangothi imiphumela yotshwala emzimbeni, lisiza ukugcina ukucacelwa kwengqondo. Leli thuluzi lalisetshenziswa eMbusweni WaseRoma. Kwanele ukuphuza uhhafu wengilazi yejusi ngaphambi komkhosi noma udle ingxenye yesaladi. Isilinganiso esifanayo siyanciphisa noma sihlanze isimo se-hangover ngakusasa ekuseni.

Iklabishi elibomvu elisha noma ujusi walo kusiza ukuguqula imiphumela emibi yotshwala

Kukhona ukuphambana. Ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, iklabishi elibomvu lingadala izinkinga ngesisu, esingakwazi ukugaya ngokushesha isamba esikhulu se-fiber. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhakazeni, flatulence. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwe-iodine kuyenzeka futhi - iklabishi elibomvu lifaka ukumunwa kwalesi sakhi somzimba ngomzimba omkhulu. Le imifino inqatshelwe ngokuqinile kwi-pancreatitis, i-enterocolitis, ezinye izifo zesisu, amathumbu nezinso esigabeni esibi.

Izazi zezokondla zincoma ukufaka iklabishi elibomvu ekudleni kunoma ngubani ohlala ezimweni ezingezinhle zemvelo. Kuyasiza futhi umzimba ukunciphisa imiphumela yentuthu esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa futhi kunciphise umthelela omubi we-ultraviolet nemisebe kagesi kuyo.

Ividiyo: izinzuzo zeklabishi elibomvu

Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile

Iklabishi elibomvu alithandwa kangako ngabafuyi bezithelo njengeklabishi elimhlophe, kodwa nokho kunezinhlobo eziningi kanye nemifino ehlukahlukene yomthunzi wamaqabunga, isivuno kanye nokwakheka kwamakhanda eklabishi. Ukumelana nesithwathwa iningi labo likuvumela ukuthi ukhule iklabishi elibomvu hhayi kuphela enkabeni yeRussia, kodwa nase-Urals naseSiberia. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyakwazi ukwakha, naphezu kwenkathi ende yemifino.

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:

• Mikhnevskaya. Izinhlobonhlobo zaziphinda zibuye emuva eminyakeni engama-60s edlule. Ukunambitheka akukubi, kepha akuvelele. Inokuvikelwa okuhle kwezifo zokukhunta, kuyaqabukela lihlaselwe izinambuzane eziyingozi;
• IMars MS. Izinhlobo zezinto ezikhethiwe zaseCzech. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-105-110. Ifanele isivuno sayo ephezulu. Izinhloko ezinesisindo esingu-1,3-1,5 kg empeleni aziqhekeki. Ubukhulu buba isilinganiso. Ngaphandle, amakhanda eklabishi amnyama-i-violet, alula kakhulu kusiki. Iklabishi lalezi zinhlobonhlobo lihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha;
• Cishe F1. I-hybrid yakuqala evela eNetherlands. Ihlukaniswa ukunambitheka (hhayi okubabayo) nokubukeka okuhle. Isokisi lincane, amaqabunga mancane, uyinki-violet, acishe abe mnyama, ambozwe ngentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhloko zeklabishi zicishe zizungeze, zixinene, zibilingane, zinesisindo esingu-3-4 kg, futhi aziqhekeki. I-hybrid inikeza isivuno esiphakeme, noma ngabe ukuqina kokokuqina
• I-Romanov F1. Lesi sitshalo simile impela. Amakhanda ayindilinga, aminyene, anesisindo esilingana no-1.5-2 kg. Amaqabunga abomvu ngokujulile nge-tint onsomi. Impilo yeshelf encane incane - izinyanga ezingama-2-3;
• I-Kyoto F1. I-hybrid yaseJapan evikela kakhulu ukungatheleleki okuhlanganiswe ngofuzo ezifweni eziningi eziqondene namasiko. Isitshalo sihlanganisiwe, isisindo esilinganiswayo sekhanda singamakhilogremu 1.5, isiqu asikho empeleni. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, amaqabunga athambile impela. Izinhloko zeklabishi azivamile ukuqhekeka, zigcinelwe izinyanga ezi-4-5;
• Garancy F1. I-hybrid ivela eFrance. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-140-145. Igcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Ifanele inani lesivuno esikhulu, ukumelana nezifo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhulisa le iklabishi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Izinhloko ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu ziwugqinsi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, ngaphandle kwe-pungency kanye nolaka;
• Zuza F1. Ukufezekiswa kwabafuyi baseRussia. Iklabishi isanda kakhulu. Ifaka irosette emile yamaqabunga. Izinhloko zeklabishi ezinesisindo esingama-1.5 kg noma ngaphezulu. Ine-immune ngaphakathi kweFusarium. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani;
• IPallet. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-140-150. Izinhlobonhlobo zilungele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, kepha zinhle futhi zintsha. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyindilinga, zinobukhulu obukhulu, zinesisindo esingu-1.9-2.4 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo, noma ngabe isimo sezulu ehlobo singaphumeleli kakhulu;
• INurima F1. Enye i-hybrid edumile yaseDashi. Lesi sitshalo sihlanganisiwe, isisindo samakhanda ayindilinga eklabishi siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2 kg. Kungcono ukutshala le iklabishi ngaphansi kwesembozo;
• UJuno. Ibanga laseRussia. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-130-140. Amaqabunga anombala onsomi omnyama ongaxambili we-waxy. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyindilinga, zinesisindo esingama-1 kg noma ngaphezulu. Yaziswa ukunambitheka kwayo okumangalisayo, kudliwa kuphela okusha. Ukukhiqiza - cishe ama-4 kg / m²;
• URodima F1. Isi-Dutch hybrid. Izinhloko zeklabishi cishe ziyindilinga, i-maroon, enesisindo esingu-3 kg noma ngaphezulu, musa ukuqhekeka. Amaqabunga makhulu, embozwe ungqimba olugqinsiwe. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-140-145. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokusebenza kwazo okuhlukahlukene, okulungele ukulungiswa kwamasaladi. Isilimo sigcinwa kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo elilandelayo. Ukunambitheka kuthambile, okukhulu kakhulu. Lapho ukhula ngaphansi kokumboza noma ifilimu, umkhiqizo ukhuphuka kakhulu;
• Gako 741. Izinhlobo ezahlolwa isikhathi, zakhula kusukela ngeminyaka yama-40s yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Igcinwe kahle kakhulu (okungenani kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo elandelayo) futhi ithuthwe. Kuyaziswa futhi ngokubekezelela kwayo ukubanda okukhulu nesomiso. Akuvamile ukuthi ihlaselwe yizifo nezinambuzane. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyi-violet emnyama, musa ukuqhekeza. Isisindo esimaphakathi - ama-1.5-2 kg, amasampula ngamanye afinyelela ku-3 kg;
• IVanguard F1. Ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene. Isokisi linamandla, mpo. Amaqabunga makhulu, onsomi, ambozwe ngengqimba eyenziwe yathambile, ayihlanganisiwe kakhulu. Izinhloko zithwetshiwe, ziminyene, zinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-2 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zivikelekile ku-fusarium;
• I-Autoro F1. Isi-Dutch hybrid. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-135-140. Ubunzima ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziminyene kakhulu, i-burgundy. Isisindo esijwayelekile siyi-1,2-1,5 kg. Empeleni aziqhekeki. I-hybrid ivame ukuthintwa yi-keel;
• Boxer Enye yezinhlobo zokuqala, okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa okusha. Izinhloko ziyindilinga, zinesisindo cishe esingu-1.5 kg noma ngaphezulu. Amaqabunga abomvu-i-violet, enenhlanganisela encane yesiliva;
• I-Intro F1. Isokisi linamandla, liphakanyiswe kancane. Amacembe amnyama e-violet acishe ambozwe ngokuphelele ngokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingaphezulu leshidi alilingani, ngaphakathi kungathi ngamabhamuza amancane amaningi. Ikhanda leklabishi selikhululekile impela, linesisindo esingama-2 kg;
• AmaCalibos. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-140-150. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinokumelana okuhle nesithwathwa, zibekezelela ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa kanye nomswakama owedlulele. Izinhloko zibuswa, zibomvu-i-violet, iphakathi ngosayizi (inesisindo esingama-1.5-2 kg), hhayi aminyene kakhulu. Amaqabunga athambile, anamanzi, iklabishi linokunambitheka okumnandi. Lapho uhlakulela lokhu okuhlukahlukene, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuniseleni. Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa okusha, kungagcinwa izinyanga ezingaba ngu-4;
• Ikhanda lamatshe 447. "Lihlonishwe" Ibanga leSoviet. Igama lokukhipha igama liyizinsuku eziyi-125-145. Ukukhishwa kuyahlakazeka, nobubanzi obungama-80 cm noma ngaphezulu. Izinhloko zicishe zizungeze, zixinene, zinesisindo esingama-1.5 kg. Kuqhume ngezikhathi ezahlukene, kuvame ukuqhekeka. Amacembe abomvu ngombala onsomi. Ukukhiqiza okumaphakathi, impilo yeshalofu - kuze kube maphakathi nobusika;
• I-Lyudmila F1. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivela esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuthwa, iklabishi lihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, cishe ayindilinga, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsomi ngokuqhakaza okumnyama. Imiphetho inamakhorali amaningi. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Isisindo esilinganayo senhloko eyindilinga noma ethambile kancane yeklabishi ingu-1.8-2 kg;
• UMaxilla. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyehluka ngekhwalithi enhle yokugcina, zigcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngokushesha ukuzidla akunconywa: amaqabunga awaneme. Kepha ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, iba mnene ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukunambitheka kuyathuthukiswa. Kungcono ukuvumela iklabishi ilale okungenani ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika;
• URubin MS. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ezibonisa ukuthobeka okuphezulu kweCzech. Ukusuka kokutshala izithombo kuya ekuvuthweni - izinsuku ezingama-120-130. Izinhloko zesimo esithambile, onsomi omnyama, obukhulu kakhulu. Isisindo siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kg kuye ku-2 kg. Le iklabishi ingagcinwa kuze kube maphakathi nobusika, kepha ilungile futhi isha.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi elibomvu, ezithandwa ngabalimi baseRussia

Ukukhulisa izithombo nokuzinakekela

Njengoba iningi lezinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo yeklabishi elibomvu libonakaliswa yisikhathi eside semifino, zivame ukukhula ngohlobo lwezithombo. Ukutshala imbewu ngqo enhlabathini kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu, kepha akuvamile ukwenziwa lapho ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuphezulu nesidingo sokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwezithombo.

Ukulungiselela imbewu eyandisiwe kuyadingeka. Okokuqala, bacwilisa imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20 emanzini ashisayo (ama-45-50 ° C), bese kuba ngamahora angama-2-3 - kumakhaza.Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu ihlwanyelwa amahora angama-24 kusixazululo esi pinki se-potanganum permanganate noma noma ikuphi ukubulala imvelaphi yemvelo (i-Ridomil Gold, Fitosporin, Baikal-EM, Bayleton). Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale amagciwane nokuvinjwa kwezifo zokukhunta. Esimweni sesibili, isikhathi sokucubungula sincishiswa saba yimizuzu engama-25-30. Into yokugcina okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kokutshala ukuhlanza imbewu emanzini apholile agobhozayo bese uyomile. Isikhathi esihle sokufika emhlabeni maphakathi no-Mashi.

Izithombo zikhule ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Izitsha ezingekho phansi ezintabeni zigcwele ngengxube yama-peat chips ne-turf evundile. Isendlalelo sokuqala kufanele sibulawe amagciwane.
   

   Inhlabathi yokutshala imbewu ebomvu yeklabishi kufanele ibulawe magciwane ngokubila, ukushisa noma ukuqanda

2. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngesikhala esingamasentimitha angama-2-3, ukujula kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm.Ibanga eliphakathi kwezintambo lisuka ku-3-4 cm.Lifafazwa ngesihlabathi esicolekile bese lithambisa inhlabathi kusuka ku-atomizer ehlakazekile. Isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu esobala. Kuze kube ukuhluma, igcinwa endaweni emnyama. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-16-20ºС. Kulokhu, amahlumela okuqala avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Kuze kube yilapho imbewu ibamba, inhlabathi ayithelwa.
   

   Ifilimu noma ingilazi lisuswa ethangini nsuku zonke ukuze lisuse i-condensate eqoqiwe.

3. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, iziqukathi zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyayo efulethini, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle iklabishi elibomvu, kudingeka amahora angama-daylight okungenani amahora ayi-14, ukuvezwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-luminescent noma ama-phytolamp ajwayelekile. Ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-7-8, izinga lokushisa lehliselwa ku-8-10 ° C, bese liphinda liphakanyiselwe ku-12-16 ° C bese ligcinwa, ngaphandle kokushintsha, lize liwele emhlabathini.
   

   Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, amahlumela eklabishi adinga ukukhanya kosuku olude

4. Iklabishi elibomvu li-hygrophilous. Izithombo zivame ukufafazwa kodwa ngesizotha. Njenganoma yiliphi iklabishi, kuthambekele ukutheleleka nge "umlenze omnyama", ngakho-ke njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10, amanzi okunisela afakwa esikhundleni se-pink pink solution ye-potanganum permanganate. Zondla izithombo kabili - lapho kukhiwa amaqabunga angempela angama-2-3 futhi cishe isonto ngaphambi kokufakelwa engadini. I-3 g ye-superphosphate elula ne-2 g ye-urea ne-potassium sulfate ithathwa nge-1 litre yamanzi. Noma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezithombo futhi nawo kufanelekile.
   

   Umanyolo Rostock - ithuluzi elibanzi elenzelwe ukondla izithombo
5. Ukudonsa kwenziwa esigabeni sephepha lesibili langempela. Izithombo zitshalwa ezitsheni ezincane ngazinye, zikhonkotha impande. Ngemuva kwalokho iklabishi kufanele iniselwe ngokulinganayo futhi imbozwe izinsuku ezingama-3-5 kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Uma usebenzisa amabhodwe we-peat, khona-ke izithombo ezivela kubo ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ngeke zisuswe.
   

   Ngenqubo yokumba, nciza izimpande zesithombo sekhabishi

6. Amaviki ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziqala ukuba lukhuni. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-2-3 zimane nje zivule iwindi elisendlini amahora amaningi, bese iziqukathi zithunyelwa kuvulandi okhona ngengilazi noma nge-loggia phakathi nosuku. Izinsuku zokugcina ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokufika, bahlala emgwaqweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, afafazwa ngesisombululo sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant (Epin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, potateum humate ifanele).
   

   Ukuphatha izithombo zeklabishi kuyamsiza ukuba azivumelanise nezimo ezintsha zokuphila

Ividiyo: indlela yokunakekela izithombo zamaklabishi

Kufakwe iklabishi emhlabathini

Engadini, ungatshala izithombo zamaklabishi abomvu eneminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-35. Izitshalo ezinjalo zifinyelela ubude obungu-16-20 cm futhi zinamaqabunga ayi-4-5 okungenani. Ukwenza kube lula ukukhipha ethangini ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande, cishe ingxenye yehora ngaphambi kwenqubo, umhlaba kufanele uniselwe kakhulu. Iklabishi elibomvu litshalwe emhlabathini ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, likhethe usuku olomile nolupholile.

Ngokutshala izithombo zamaklabishi abomvu enhlabathini, akufanele ungabaze, izithombo ezikhule kahle zimile kahle

Lesi sitshalo ngokwezigaba asikubekezeleli ukufiphaza umswakama ezimpandeni. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula ngokwanele, ivunyelwe kahle amanzi nomoya, kepha ngasikhathi sinempilo. Ibhalansi ye-acid-base ayithathi hlangothi (pH 5.5-7.0). Awukwazi ukutshala iklabishi elibomvu ezindaweni eziphansi noma lapho amanzi asemhlabathini esondela ngaphezu komhlaba ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-1.5. Uma kungekho enye indawo, kuzodingeka wakhe amabala okungenani ama-60 cm.

Lapho ukhetha indawo yombhede, kudingeka ucabangele ukuthi nge-penumbra kanye nomthunzi, amakhanda eklabishi athola ithinti eliluhlaza elingashintshi, aqine, futhi avuthwe isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.

Iklabishi elibomvu kufanele litshalwe endaweni evulekile, ngisho ne-penumbra ekhanyayo ayihambelani nayo

Izimbangela ezinhle zesitshalo zinezimbali ezi-solanaceous, ubhontshisi, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi, amakhambi abilayo, ama-beet, izaqathi. Ngemuva kwezinye izinhlobo iklabishi, itshalwe endaweni efanayo kuphela emva kweminyaka 4-5. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukutheleleka kwe-keel cishe akunakugwenywa.

Kusukela ekwindla, inhlabathi iye yafakwa ngokucophelela futhi yafakwa umquba noma umquba obunjiwe ukwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Uma kungekho-organics, sebenzisa noma imuphi umquba oyinkimbinkimbi we-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (Azofoska, Diammofoska). Ufulawa weDolomite, umlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe, kanye neqanda lezinyosi elinempuphu kunezelwa enhlabathini ene-asidi.

Lapho ukutshala emhlabathini, ukuqina ngokweqile kwamahlathi okutshaliwe kugwenywa ngokubeka izimbobo ngokunqamleza okungenani ama-60 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ye-landings cishe yi-70 cm. Cishe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kwenqubo, imithombo ichithwa ngamanzi. Kulelo nalelo faka i-humus embalwa, 1 tsp. Umanyolo we-potassium ngaphandle kwe-chlorine, izicucu ezi-2-3 zeshizi elichotshoziwe noma umlotha wezinkuni osikiwe kanye nocezu omncane we-anyanisi.

Lapho utshala izithombo zeklabishi elibomvu emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukugcina izikhala eziphakathi kwezitshalo ukuze ngayinye yazo ithole indawo eyanele yokudla

Izithombo zitshalwa, zijula ​​emaqabunga ambalwa e-cotyledon. Inhlabathi ezungeze lesi sitshalo ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela, iklabishi ligcwele kakhulu (cishe amalitha amabili amanzi) eniselwa. Ngezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-12- 12, kumele zivikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Indlela elula yokwakha i-canopy yesikhashana phezu kwayo kusuka kunoma iyiphi impahla esembozweni yombala omhlophe.

Izithombo zeklabishi ezitshalwe emhlabathini ziniselwa kakhulu

Uma imbewu itshalwe ngokushesha engadini, inhlabathi ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo. Indlela yokufika nayo iyahlonishwa. Isikhathi esiqondile singashiyana ngesifunda. Esimweni sezulu esingaseningizimu, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, enkabeni yeRussia - eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli, e-Urals naseSiberia - engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi.

Imbewu engu-3-4 ibekwa emgodini ngamunye, izijule ngo-3-5 cm. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, umbhede wegadi uvaliwe ngendwangu yepulasitiki noma ngezinto zokumboza emakhothweni. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa elisemgwaqweni. Uma lidlula i-25ºº, izitshalo zeluliwe, iziqu zonakala futhi zigobile.

Lapho kwakheka amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 eklabishi, izithombo zihlanzwa, zishiya umgodi ngamunye, isithombo esinamandla kakhulu nesithuthukisiwe. Zonke ezinye zisikwa ngokucophelela ngesikele ezibukhali ukuze zingonakalisi uhlelo lwezimpande zabanye. Izithombo ziniselwa njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3, ngokulinganisa. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa "komlenze omnyama" ngesonto ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, umbhede uthuliwe ngoshoki ochotshoziwe noma ngamaphisi kagwayi.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo

Iklabishi elibomvu alixakile futhi lifuna ukuhamba, yize ngasizathu simbe umbono ohlukile usundile phakathi balimi.

Ukunisela

Iklabishi elibomvu yisitshalo esithanda umswakama. Yize ibekezelela kahle isomiso, ukushoda kwamanzi kuthinta kabi isivuno nekhwalithi yamakhanda eklabishi. Ukunisela okuvama futhi kuningi kufakwa kuyo - - ngokuqina kwamanzi ezimpandeni, ukubola kukhula ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi kufanele uvunyelwe ukuthi lome.

Fafaza iklabishi ngaphansi kwempande, uma kunokwenzeka - khona-ke ngokufafaza. Udinga kakhulu umswakama lapho ama-rosette amaqabunga akha, ukuvala ekhaphethi eqhubekayo, futhi phakathi kokuvuthwa kwamakhanda eklabishi.

Iklabishi elibomvu liyaniselwa ukuze amaconsi amanzi awele emacembe, njengasemvuleni

Inqubo mhlawumbe yenziwa kusihlwa. Uma isimo sezulu sipholile futhi sinamafu, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 kwanele. Ekushiseni, izikhawu phakathi kokunisela kuncishiswa kube yizinsuku ezingama-1-3. Ngezithombo, okujwayelekile ngamalitha ama-2-3 ngesitshalo ngasinye, ngenkathi kumiswa amakhanda eklabishi, akhuphukela kumalitha angama-4-5. I-mulch izosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini.

Ngokwengxenye akunakwenzeka ukuguqula “isomiso” eside ngokunisela okuningana, okuningi. Lokhu cishe kuzoholela ekuphepheni amakhanda.

Ukuvula amandla

Ngithukulula umbhede kaningi. Isikhathi sokuqala - izinsuku ezingama-7- 7 ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo zingene emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo yenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Lapho izithombo zikhula endaweni entsha futhi ziqala ukukhula, zikhula iklabishi, zigcwalisa isiqu ngenhlabathi kuze kube yilapho kuqala amaqabunga eqiniso. Ngokufanelekile, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye kuze kufike lapho amaqabunga emboza ngokuphelele inhlabathi. Okokuqala, kuya ekujuleni kuka-5-8 cm, izinyanga eziyi-1-1.5 emva kokufakelwa - ngo-12-15 cm.

Ngenxa ye-hilling, iklabishi lakha uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, isikhathi sezitshalo sisinde, okwesikhathi seklabishi elibomvu, kudingeka okungenani ukugqokwa kwama-3-4. Okokuqala, ukugcizelela kufanele kubekwe kumanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen, kusiza isitshalo ekwakheni ngokuqinile isisindo esiluhlaza. Le macronutrient isuswa ngokuphelele lapho amakhanda eklabishi eqala ukwakha.

I-nitrogen engaphezulu yehlisa ukungasebenzi kwesitshalo, ikhuthaza ukugcwala kwama-nitrate ezinhlokweni zeklabishi, inciphisa ukugcinwa kwekhwalithi yabo futhi icasule ukuthuthukiswa kwe-necrosis.

Uhlelo lokondla:

1. Isikhathi sokuqala iklabishi elibomvu bondla izinsuku eziyi-12-15 ngemuva kokutshala. Nge-1 m² uthathe i-10 g ye-carbamide, i-15 g ye-potassium sulfate ne-20 g ye-superphosphate elula. Ama-fertilizer athululelwa emafreyini aphakathi kwezitshalo, bese kubekwa imifino, ingadi iniselwa kahle.
   

   I-Urea, njengamanye amakhambi aqukethe i-nitrogen, isiza iklabishi ekwakheni ngenkuthalo isisindo esiluhlaza

2. Ukondliwa kwesibili kwenziwa lapho amakhanda eklabishi eqala ukuboshwa, cishe amasonto ama-2-3 emva kokuqala. Izinga lomanyolo lenyuka ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5. Ungasebenzisa i-organics - amanzi afakwe umquba wezinkomo, amaconsi ezinyoni, amaqabunga e-nettle noma i-dandelion.
   

   Ukumiliselwa kweNettle - umthombo wemvelo weNitrogen namanye ama-macronutrients

3. Ukondla kwesithathu nokulandelayo, okwenziwe ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, kuqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium kuphela. Zilethwa ngefomu elomile (i-20-25 g / m²) noma ngesisombululo, lithambisa inani elifanayo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ungawashintshanisa nge-infusion yokhuni lomlotha kanye nomanyolo onzima weklabishi ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen.

Ividiyo: ama-nuances obuchwepheshe bezolimo beklabishi elibomvu

Izifo nezinambuzane: ukulawula nokuvimbela

Iklabishi elibomvu linenkinga yokutheleleka kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane kaningi kuneklabishi elimhlophe. Kepha akavikelekile ekuthelelekeni nge-keel, bacteriosis ne-fusarium. Kwezinambuzane, inundu leklabishi, amacimbi eklabishi levemvane kanye nezithelo zeklabishi, ama-aphid, kanye nama-thrips kubangela ukulimala kakhulu kulokho okutshalekile.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukuvikela okungcono kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okunekhono. Akubalulekile kangako ukushintshanisa kwezilimo - izinhlamvu zesikhunta ezingama-pathogenic, amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane ziqwabelana emhlabathini. Ngokuqina ngokweqile kokutshala, noma yisiphi isifo sisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Isifo i-Fusarium yisifo esivame kakhulu esenza ukuthi iklabishi ife esikhathini sezinsuku.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo zokukhunta, ukugqokwa kwembewu okwenziwa kuqala iklabishi elibomvu esixazululweni se-fung fung kuyisibopho. Ngemuva kokutshala embhedeni, inhlabathi ifafazwa nge-chalk ephukile noma i-chips kagwayi, izitshalo ezikhulile zithuliwe ngomlotha wezinkuni. Njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 zokuvimbela, iklabishi ifafazwa ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi noma abacibishelisi begalikhi, isixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink potassium permanganate noma sihlanjululwe nge-kefir noma i-serum ngokufakwa kwe-iodine (uphonsa nge-1 litre).

Uma ukutheleleka bekungeke kugwenywe, sebenzisa noma yiluphi ukhunta. Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa okungu-3-4 okunqunyelwe kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 kwanele. Yomibili imikhiqizo esetshenziswe isikhathi eside ehlolwe isikhathi (iBordeaux liquid, vitriol), kanye namalungiselelo wesimanje aqukethe zethusi - iTopaz, Horus, Skor, Kuprozan.

I-Bordeaux liquid ingathengwa esitolo noma ilungiswe ngokuzimele

Isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke iklabishi yi-keel. Isikhunta sithelela ngokushesha uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Ukuphela kwendlela yokubhekana nayo ukubheka ukujikeleza kwezilimo ngokutshala iklabishi elibomvu ngemuva kwezilimo ezisiza ukubhubhisa izinhlayiya zokukhunta (i-solanaceous, beet, u-anyanisi, negalikhi). Kubalulekile kakhulu ukhula engadini njalo.

Akunakwenzeka ukususa i-keel ngezindlela zesimanje, ngakho-ke kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuvimbeleni izifo

Ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo inhlabathi esembhedeni ichithwa ngeFufanon, i-Alatar, iTiovit Jet noma amanzi abilayo. Izinambuzane eziningi azibekezeleli iphunga le-pungent. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala iklabishi kuyasiza ukuzungeza "isithiyo" sika-anyanisi, ugalikhi, amakhambi, ama-marigolds, ama-marigold, ama-lavender. Ngokuphikisana nanoma yiziphi izimvemvane, ama-pheromone akhethekile noma izicupho ezenziwe ekhaya ngendlela yeziqukathi ezigcwaliswe ngamanzi afakwe amanzi, uju, ujamu, isiraphu kashukela kuyasebenza. Ungasebenzisa futhi izidakamizwa iLepidocide, Bitoxibacillin.

I-Aphid ingesinye sezilokazane eziyingozi engadini, ngeke idelele iklabishi ngalinye

Uma kungekho zinambuzane eziningi kakhulu, amakhambi abantu azosiza ukubhekana nazo. Iklabishi lingalashwa ngegwebu le-potash eluhlaza noma insipho yokuwasha, ukufakwa kwepelepele elishisayo noma ugwayi, kufakwe emanzini nge-ash ash noma i-colloidal sulfure. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kuhlaselwe iningi, kusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezijwayelekile - i-Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio, Mospilan, Tanrek, Confidor-Maxi.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Shesha ukuvuna akukufanele. Iklabishi elibomvu alimelani nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke udinga ukugxila kuphela kubukhulu bekhanda leklabishi, elijwayelekile ngezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobo eziningi zingasuswa eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Okthoba.

Izinhloko ezihloselwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ngokuqinisekile zimbiwa esimweni sezulu esipholile esomile, kepha ngamazinga okushisa ahlanganisiwe. Zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela - akumele kube khona ngisho nokuqhekeka okuncane kanye nemikhondo emincane yokulimala kwezifo nezinambuzane.

Ngemuva kwalokho bavunyelwa ukoma izinsuku ezingama-2-3, emva kwalokho amaqabunga aqokiwe enqunywe ngaphandle kwezintathu noma ezine kanye nezimpande, ashiye isigaxa eside ngo-3-4 cm.

Iklabishi elibomvu, okuhloswe ukulondolozwa isikhathi eside, kuqala lihlolwe ngokucophelela

Gcina izitshalo egalaji, emiphongolweni, engaphansi. Indawo kumele ibe mnyama futhi ibe nomoya omuhle. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-0-4ºС, umswakama womoya ungama-80% nangaphezulu. Izinhloko zeklabishi zifakwe emabhokisini enkuni noma emabhokisini amakhadibhodi, afafazwe ngesihlabathi ukuze zingathintani. Ungasonga iphepha ngalinye bese ulibeka emashalofini, ubophe ngamabili izithungo bese uwalengisa ngaphansi kophahla.

Ividiyo: ungasigcina kanjani isivuno seklabishi isikhathi eside

Ngisho nomlimi ongalimi ongenalo ulwazi oluningi angabhekana nokutshala iklabishi elibomvu. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, leli siko alilona neze futhi lifuna ukunakekelwa. Izinhlobo eziningi zikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe okufanele kakhulu, ugxile ekunambithekeni, ekukhiqizeni, ekubonakaleni kwamakhanda eklabishi. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwale nhlobonhlobo yeklabishi kukuvumela ukuba uyikhulise engxenyeni enkulu yeRussia.