Amabhontjisi Amnyama: Izinhlobo Ezijwayelekile nobuchwepheshe bezoLimo

Ubhontshisi isitshalo semifino isintu esijwayele isikhathi eside futhi kahle. ENingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, sekukhule iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa. Abafuyi bavune izinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo kwesinye isikhathi ezibukeka zingajwayelekile, kuze kube yilapho kungewona wonke umuntu onquma ukuzama lokhu. Isibonelo, kukhona ubhontshisi omnyama, lapho kuwo womabili ubhontshisi nokusanhlamvu kudwetshwa ngombala omnyama kakhulu. Zibaluleke ngenani lazo lokudla elithuthukisiwe nosayizi omkhulu. Awungeke ubize isiko leli njengokuzithoba lapho ushiya, kepha ngeke udinge lutho olungaphezu kwemvelo oluvela kumlimi. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukutadisha kusengaphambili "izidingo" zayo ezimeni ezikhulayo.

Ngabe ubhontshisi omnyama ubukeka kanjani nokuthi unempilo kanjani

Ubhontshisi uyisitshalo se-herbaceous saminyaka yonke esivela emndenini we-legume. Izwe lakubo liseNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi. Isiko lafika eYurophu muva nje, kuphela ngekhulu le-17, futhi isikhathi eside lakhula kuphela njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa esihle eziqhakazayo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo kabhontshisi. Abanye babukeka bengajwayelekile. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kudliwe okunjalo. Isibonelo, ubhontshisi omnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umumo wesimo awukhona kuphela ezinsolweni. Ubhontshisi ungambozwa ezindaweni ezimnyama noma ezimnyama onsomi. Abalimi abangenaso isipiliyoni kakhulu bavame ukubathathela ukungcola noma izimpawu zokunqotshwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo esingajwayelekile.

Ikhasi likabhontshisi lingapendwa ngombala omnyama

Okwamanje, ubhontshisi omnyama awugcini nje ukunambitha, kepha futhi uphilile kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, i-khalori enempilo kakhulu futhi ephezulu (314 kcal nge-100 g). Ubhontshisi ocebile wamaprotheni ayindlela enhle yemikhiqizo yenyama uma ulandela ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori, ngendlela, kungancishiswa cishe kathathu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa okude. Kepha izinzuzo ziyancishiswa.

Ubhontshisi omnyama ungaba isitshalo esinamahlahla esinokuphakama okungaba ngu-0.5 m, kanye nomvini, okufinyelela ku-3-5 m ubude. Isiqu simbozwe nge-villi emfishane ye-sparse. Uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswa, impande esemqoka eyinhloko ingena emhlabathini okungenani imitha. Amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo, enepipi elibukhali, ahlelwe ngokuhlukile, i-petioles yinde. Imiphetho ibushelelezi, ingaphezulu lepuleti leshidi libunjiwe.

Ukubukeka kwesitshalo esimnyama sikabhontshisi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo

Izimbali ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ezingcezu ezi-2-6 futhi zitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ngendlela, zingabantu abakhumbuza amabhu. Izimbali zikabhontshisi omnyama zenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ngoJulayi; isivuno sivuthwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba.

Ubhontshisi oqhakaza ubukeka muhle, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuhlobisa

Izithelo zingamabhontela amade okulengiswa, ngokuvamile anezinto ezithintekayo. Engxenyeni yesiphambano, ayindilinga, oval noma acishe abe flat. Umbala uvame ukutholakala ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, onsomi. Izinhlamvu zikhulu, zinesisindo esingama-0.55 g.Zinombala obunjiwe noma zinso. Zingaba ethafeni noma ezinemidwebo, ezinamabala, zamatshe, kanye nephethini efana nephethini yemithambo yemabula.

Izithelo ezimnyama zikabhontshisi zingapendwa ngemibala ehlukene.

Izinhlamvu zibushelelezi, ziyacwebezela, njengokungathi zimbozwe kusilika. Ubungako bawo buxhomeke kakhulu ezimeni zokulima. Ngokufanele noma eduze kwalapho i-microclimate, izinhlamvu zivuthwa zikhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zobhontshisi. Inyama iminyene, kepha ithenda kakhulu, sengathi kunamafutha kancane. Izithelo zinambitha ubumnandi, ngokuthinta inyama noma intuthu ebhemayo.

Izinhlamvu zikabhontshisi omnyama zinokunambitheka okumangalisa kakhulu kwesici, kubonakala kalula ngama-gourmets

Ubhontshisi omnyama yinto ecishe ifaniswe nokudla kwase-Latin American cuisine. Ikakhulu umthande eMexico naseBrazil. Okusanhlamvu kufakwa kumasobho, kusetshenziswa njengesitsha esisehlangothini sezitsha zenyama nezenhlanzi, ngokwazo noma ngokuhlangene neminye imifino, balungiselela ukugcwaliswa kokubhaka, udoti. Zihlanganiswe kahle ne-anyanisi, i-garlic ne-oregano. Kepha kunezindlela eziningi ezihlukile. ECuba, lesi ngesinye sezithako ezidingekayo zokwenza isaladi yezithelo. EGuatemala, ubhontshisi omnyama omnyama ukhanyiselwe ngoshokoledi omnyama.

Ubhontshisi omnyama uhambe kahle ngemifino eminingi

Akunakusho ukuthi ubhontshisi omnyama ungadliwa ngaphandle kokulungiselela kwangaphambili. Lesi sitshalo, njengesipanji, sibamba izinhlanganisela zamaminerali emhlabeni, kufaka nosawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo. Ukudakwa okungathi sína kuphela kungenzeka, kepha futhi kungaba ngumphumela obulalayo. Ngaphambi kokuthambisa, ukubhaka noma ukubambisa ubhontshisi, kufanele kufakwe emanzini apholile amahora angama-8-10, bese ubiliswa.

Akuwona wonke umuntu ozozama isobho likabhontshisi omnyama

Ngokwesayensi kufakazelwe ukuthi ubhontshisi omnyama - omunye wemikhiqizo ewusizo kakhulu yemvelaphi yezitshalo. Lokhu kungumthombo wama-amino acid amaningi, kufaka phakathi abalulekile (i-lysine, glutamine, arginine). Ngaphandle kwabo, imetabolism ejwayelekile ayinakwenzeka. Ziyadingeka nasekuvimbeleni umdlavuza. Ukuqanjwa kufaka amavithamini wamaqembu B, A, E, K. Kwezinto ezilandelwayo, ubukhona be-magnesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, ithusi, i-selenium, insimbi, iphosphorus kungaphawulwa.

Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-potassium, ubhontshisi omnyama ungaphambili kakhulu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zako. Le nto yokulandela umkhondo ibalulekile ukuze umzimba ulondoloze ukulingana okujwayelekile kukasawoti wamanzi. Okusanhlamvu kufakwa phakathi ekudleni uma kunomkhuba we-edema.

Zicebile ku-fiber, esiza ukugaya izitsha zenyama "ezisindayo". Ngokusetshenziswa njalo ekudleni, ubhontshisi omnyama uvamisa isimo sepheshana lesisu, futhi kusiza ukuqeda ukuqunjelwa.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyifaka ekudleni kwabesifazane. Amavithamini e-B "anesibopho" sentsha nobuhle, ukuthuthukisa ithoni yesikhumba nesimo, ukuswilisa imibimbi emincane, nokufaka amazinyo, izinwele nezinzipho ngokuhlelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, isimo sohlelo lwezinzwa senziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile - amandla okusebenza omzimba nengqondo athuthuke, izinkinga zokulala ziyanyamalala, umuzwa wokuxineka okungapheli uyanyamalala, ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka okungenasisekelo, ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe kwemizwelo.

Ubhontshisi omnyama nawo awusizo kulabo abafuna ukuhlanza umzimba. Isusa ubuthi nobuthi, ibhubhisa ama-cholesterol plaque ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi ichize namatshe ezinso kanye nesinye.

Umbala omnyama ocebile wobhontshisi nokusanhlamvu kuguqula ubhontshisi omnyama ube i-allergen engaba khona. Uma wazi ukuthi unenkambiso yokusabela okunjalo, okokuqala udinga ukuzama umkhiqizo ngokucophelela futhi kancane kancane. Kukhona okunye ukwephulwa - ukukhuphuka kwe-acidity yejusi yesisu, izifo zendlela yokugaya esigabeni esibuhlungu, noma yiziphi izinkinga ngamajoyini (i-rheumatism, i-gout, i-arthritis, i-arthrosis), i-nephritis ne-pyelonephritis.

Emithini yesintu, akusetshenziswa kuphela okusanhlamvu okumbala omnyama kuphela, kodwa namaqhubu awo. Kunconywa i-decoction yabo kushukela, lapho kudingeka ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Futhi kuyinto enhle anti-ukuvuvukala kanye diuretic.

Emithini yesintu, akusetshenziswa kuphela okusanhlamvu okumbala omnyama kuphela, kodwa nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo

Ubhontshisi omnyama yisiko lokushisa. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwezitshalo kanye nokuvuthwa kwezitshalo ngu-24-28ºС. Ubuncane obucayi ngu-2-4ºС. Isiko ngeke likwazi ukumelana nokuvezwa kwamazinga okushisa esikhashana. Unesici esisodwa esisodwa: ubhontshisi - isitshalo sezinsuku ezimfushane. Isikhathi sasemini kufanele sithathe amahora angama-12. Kepha lokhu akuhambisani nokuzimela. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubalulekile ekuvuneni okunenqwaba yamabhontjisi amnyama.

Emehlweni abalimi, isiko linenye inzuzo engenakuphikwa. Lona kuphela kwezinhlobonhlobo zikabhontshisi ezingatholi ukuhlaselwa yimbewu yobhontshisi. Ngesizathu esithile esingaziwa, inkathazo imane yenqabele ukubeka amaqanda okusanhlamvu nakubhontshisi onombala omnyama.

I-Bean kernel (inkathazo eliyingozi kakhulu yesiko) idlula izinhlobonhlobo ezinezinhlamvu ezimnyama eceleni

Ividiyo: Izinzuzo Zempilo Yezimnyama

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zikabhontshisi omnyama. Kwenzeka womabili ama-asparagus, nokusanhlamvu. Ezinhlotsheni zesigaba sokuqala, okusanhlamvu nobhontshisi kungadliwa, okwesibili - okusanhlamvu kuphela.

• I-opal emnyama. Okuhlukahlukene kusigaba sokuvuthwa kokuqala. Bushy isitshalo esiphakathi ukuphakama. Amacembe awakukhulu, ingaphezulu liminyene. Izimbali ziyi-lilac. Ubhontshisi uyindilinga, ubude, ngamagobongo amancane, aluhlaza wesaladi. Imicu yama-coarse noqimba lwe- "isikhumba" alukho. Okusanhlamvu kukhona okusaqanda ngesimo, kumnyama, kube nemithambo engabonakali ebonakalayo. Isisindo esijwayelekile simalunga ne-0.55 g. Isivuno asisibi, kepha asiveli - 1.9 kg / m². Nambitha kakhulu. Ngisho nerejista Yezwe Yombuso WaseRussia ibanga iyanconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ekuphekeni.
• I-Mauritanian Izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthiwe eziphakathi nendawo, zaqala kudala - zangena kuRecista Yombuso ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukusuka kokuvela kwezithombo kuya ekuvuneni kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-55-58. Ubhontshisi ovela esigabeni sama-curly, ubude bomvini buba ngamamitha amathathu. Amaqabunga mancane, izimbali zimhlophe qhwa. Ubhontshisi amafushane (12 cm), acwebile (0.7 cm), ayindilinga. Isisindo esijwayelekile sokusanhlamvu okusaqanda ngu-0.28-0.3 g. Zipendiwe cishe zimnyama ezingenangqondo, ezinamabala angabonakali grey. Izinhlobonhlobo zindawo yonke - zilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukuwafaka, uqhwa. Ukukhiqiza akukubi - 2.2-2.3 kg / m². Abalimi bayabhekwa ngenxa yokumelana kwabo namazinga okushisa aphansi nezikhathi zezithelo ezinde.
• Izinso. Iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo zikabhontshisi ezinhlamvu yemibala ehlukene, phakathi kwazo kukhona okumnyama. Zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa uhlobo lwezinso oluhlotshiswe ngezinso nephunga elikhanyayo ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa, okukhumbuza iphunga lesinkwa esibhakiwe esisha. Ubhontshisi mkhulu kakhulu, isisindo sokusanhlamvu esijwayelekile singama-1.5 g. Inyama iminyene, igobekile ngombala. Isitshalo sinamahlahla, sincane. Ubhontshisi luhlaza okotshani onamaqabunga aluhlaza.
• I-Octave Izinhlobonhlobo zilungele ukuqanda, zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Isihlahla esihlangene kahle, esifinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali zincanyana, zilac. Ubhontshisi ungotshani obphuzi noma ophuzi okwegolide, ubude bawo bufika ku-17 cm, ububanzi - 1,4 cm. Ziqondile noma ngegoba elingacashile. Izinhlamvu zikhulu, zimnyama ngokusobala, zinesisindo esingu-0.94 g. Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu - 2.7-2.8 kg / m². Izinhlobonhlobo zinokungavikeleki kwe- "innate" ku-bacteriosis ne-anthracnose.
• I-Protva. Okuhlukahlukene kusigaba sokuqala. Isihlahla esincane esikhula sibe ngama-35 cm ukuphakama. Ubhontshisi luhlaza okotshani, cishe ngu-14,5 cm ubude no-0,85 cm ububanzi, u-elliptical engxenyeni yesiphambano. Zibonakala kahle ngokumelene nesizinda samaqabunga e-emerald egcwele. Izimbali zingububende obukhanyayo. Isivuno kufanele siqoqwe njalo - pods eseqile Izinhlamvu ezimnyama zinambitheka omuhle kakhulu. Isisindo esimaphakathi - 0.52-0.54 g. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukuqhuma okubandayo kanye nesomiso eside, asithinteki yi-bacteriosis, anthracnosis, virus mosaic. Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ngu-1.1-1.7 kg / m².
• Preto. Enye yezinhlobo zobhontshisi omnyama ojwayelekile emhlabeni. Ukwenza isibonelo, kukhula ngokuthengisa e-United States nase China. Eyaziwa ngamagama esidlaliso amaningi, aziwa kakhulu yi "fudu elimnyama." Isitshalo sinamahlahla, sincane. Hlanganisa nesikhumba esimnyama esimnyama kanye nesikhumba esimhlophe, ngaphakathi kwenyama enokhilimu. I- "chip" yezinhlobonhlobo iphunga elikhanyayo le-berry. Ama-gourmet angaqaphela kalula ukunambitheka - i-sweetish, ngokufutheka okungabambeki okunikeza i-piquancy. Isisindo esijwayelekile sokusanhlamvu ngu-0.5-0,55 g. Umbala ongajwayelekile ngemuva kokulashwa okushisa ulondoloziwe, isikhafu siphinde sibe mnyama.
• I-Ryabushka. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi kokuqala. Isihlahla mude, asihlanganisi kakhulu. Amacembe makhulu, akhanywa kancane. Izimbali ziyi-lilac, zincanyana. Ubhontshisi ngotshani ophuzi onamabala ansundu-onsomi. Azizinde kakhulu, kepha ububanzi, bukhazikhazi. Akunasendlalelo se- “isikhumba”. Kunconywa irejista yombuso ukuthi isetshenziswe ekuphekeni. Izinhlamvu ezimnyama, isisindo esijwayelekile - 0,67 g. Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu - 3.5 kg / m².
• Icici. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Kuhle ukubanda. Ubhontshisi oboshwe, ukuphakama kwesiqu kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, izimbali zingububende obukhanyayo. Ubhontshisi oluhlaza okotshwe kancane, ubude. Engxenyeni yesiphambano, ibhodwe lifana nenhliziyo. Isisindo sokusanhlamvu esijwayelekile singama-0.65 g. Ukukhiqiza kungama-2.3 kg / m².
• I-Snow Maiden. Izinhlobo eziphakathi kokuqala, enye yezimpumelelo zakamuva zabafuyi baseRussia. Lesi sitshalo sinamahlahla, kepha simude. Amaqabunga makhulu, ubukhulu bemibimbi buhlukile. Ubhontshisi uphuzi, uphakeme, ubanzi ngokwanele. Izinhlamvu zingama-oval, usayizi ophakathi, anesisindo esingama-0.85 g. Ukukhiqiza - 2.6-2.9 kg / m².
• Tatyana. Ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene kweShrub. Enye yezinto ezintsha zokukhetha. Izitshalo zixubene impela. Izimbali zikhulu, lilac. Ubhontshisi uphuzi, ugobile kancane. Izinhlamvu zincanyana, zinesisindo esingu-0.52 g, ngesimo seso. Ukukhiqiza kuphansi - 0.73 kg / m².
• Fatima Plus. Uhlobo "olulungisiwe nolusekelwayo" lwezinhlobonhlobo zeFatima. Ubhontshisi we-Haricot, ubude besiqu bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Izinhlobonhlobo zivela esigabeni saphakathi sekwephuzile. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, agcwele imibimbi. Izimbali zingububende obukhanyayo. Ubhontshisi mude kakhulu, ubanzi, aluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlamvu ziklanywe ezinso, zinesisindo esingama-0.69 g. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, isivuno sihle kakhulu (3.5 kg / m²).
• Fedoseevna. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqala. Wangena eRegistry Yombuso ngonyaka we-2015. Isihlahla mude noma mude. Izimbali zingamaphakathi, lilac. Ubhontshisi onemibala yesaladi, ogobile kancane, ocishe uzungeze isigaba. Akuwona ama-fibrous, ungqimba lwe- "isikhumba" nawo awukho. Amabele asesimweni sezinso anesisindo esingama-0.59 g. Isivuno asisibi - 2 kg / m².
• Lukerya. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthwa eziphakathi nendawo ezinokungavikeleki kwe- “innate” ku-anthracnose. Irejista yombuso iyanconywa ukuba itshalwe esifundeni sase-Omsk. Isihlahla mude, sinamandla, ama-curls aphezulu kancane. Ubhontshisi onomnsalo ocishe ungabonakali, oluhlaza. Okusanhlamvu kukhona okusaqanda, kumnyama, okunomhlophe omhlophe.
• Amaparele amnyama. U-Asparagus ubhontshisi wokuqala. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-45-50. Isihlahla siphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50. Ubhontshisi uphuzi okhanyayo, ubude be-11 cm, ngaphandle kwesendlalelo “esi-parchment”, siqonde noma sigobile kancane. Okusanhlamvu kucishe kube yindilinga, kumnyama-violet. Ukukhiqiza - 2-2,5 kg / m².
• Supernano. Izinhlobo zobhontshisi eziphakathi nesizini zivela esigabeni se-asparagus. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamasentimitha angama-50. Ubhontshisi luhlaza okotshani; lapho uvuthwa, aguqula umbala ube nsundu ophuzi, oqondile, kube sengathi uthambile kancane. Ubude - cm eziyi-10-12. Izibumbu zikhulu, ziyindilinga. Le bhontshisi yaziswa ngokunambitheka kwayo okuhle nokumelana ne-anthracnose, bacteriosis, kanye nesifo se-mosaic. Izinhlobonhlobo zine-plasticity ethile, ukuzivumelanisa ngempumelelo nezimpawu zezulu zesifunda esithile.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zikabhontshisi ezinoshukela omnyama

Ukutshala nokulungisa ubhontshisi

Ukutshala ubhontshisi omnyama akunzima ukwedlula isiko elifanayo ngezinhlamvu zomunye umbala.Njenge "izihlobo" zakhe, ufunwa kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo. Ukuthola isivuno esiningi akunakwenzeka uma ungakhi i-microclimate efanelekile noma esiseduze yezitshalo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ubhontshisi omnyama ukukhanyisa. Isitshalo sosuku olufushane, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi isiko lithanda umthunzi. Kuyadikibala kakhulu ukuyitshala endaweni kocingo, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, njalonjalo. Ngokushoda kokukhanya, izitshalo zinwebeka kabi, lokhu kunomthelela omubi kakhulu ekukhiqizweni. Kungakuhle ukuthi ubhekisise ukuthi ubhontshisi omnyama awuthandi okubhalwe phansi nomoya obandayo. Ngakho-ke, ebangeni elithile ukusuka engadini kufanele kube uhlobo oluthile lwesithiyo olungasifihli.

Ubhontshisi omnyama kumele utshalwe endaweni evulekile yelanga, ngemuva kokunakekela ukuvikelwa emgomeni obandayo

Isiko leli liyavumelana nengxenye yanoma iliphi ikhwalithi, kepha inketho engcono kakhulu yalo inhlabathi evulekile, evunyelwe kahle amanzi nomoya nomoya, ngenkathi inempilo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, amafomu amaqanda amaningi. Isibonelo, i-loam, grey yomhlaba ifanelekile kahle. Kepha ubumba, usilika, umhlabathi we-peaty ungukukhetha okubi kakhulu. Lapho ulungiselela imibhede, isihlabathi (okungenani i-5 l / m²) kufanele sengezwe ku-substrate enjalo.

Ubhontshisi onesizathu esihle ubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esi-hygrophilous. Kepha akabekezeleli ngokweqile amanzi ngokwezigaba. Uma amanzi asemhlabeni esondela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ngaphezu kwemitha nesigamu, izimpande cishe ziqala ukubola ngokungenakuvinjwa. Ukugwema lokhu, ubhontshisi omnyama utshalwa emagqumeni noma emagqumeni. Enye inketho ukugcwalisa imibhede, efana namachibi, nokuphakama okungenani kwama-50-60 cm. Inenye inzuzo eyodwa - inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha, imbewu ingatshalwa ngaphambili.

Endaweni efanayo, ubhontshisi ukhulile ungekho ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2-3. Udinga ukulinda isikhathi esiningi uma ngaphambi kokuba amanye ama-Legumes atshalwe kulo mbhede. Abandulelayo abahle nomakhelwane bakhe bayizitshalo ezivela ePumpkin yomndeni, Cruciferous, Solanaceae, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi.

U-Garlic ungumanduleli omuhle nomakhelwane wabhontshisi

Isakhiwo esikhethiwe kucatshangelwa zonke izidingo eduze nokwindla simbiwa size siqonde kufosholo elilodwa le-bayonet (25-30 cm). Kokufaka kumanyolo kwenqubo, kungafakwa umquba we-humus noma obolile (5-8 l / m²). Kepha umquba omusha kanye nokuphonswa kwezinyoni kusiko kuchazwe ngokuphelele. Zigcwalisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, okuyinto ubhontshisi abamnyama abakwazi ukuyidonsa isuka emoyeni bese "iqondisa" inhlabathi.

Humus - ikhambi lemvelo lokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi

Ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-phosphorus ne-potassium, ngakho-ke kungaluleki ukuthi ungeze i-superphosphate elula (30- 40 g / m²) ne-potassium sulfate (20-30 g / m²). Umthombo wemvelo walezi macronutrients yi-ash ash. Ingilazi eyanele nge-1 m². Uthanda isiko ne-calcium, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwengeza ufulawa we-dolomite, ikheji elichobozekile noma amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe kuhulumeni onamandla. Entwasahlobo, umbhede ukhululwe kahle, inhlabathi idalulwe. Kwenze lokhu ngesonto nesigamu ngaphambi kokwehla okuhlongozwayo.

I-Dolomite ufulawa - i-deoxidizer yemvelo engenayo imiphumela emibi lapho umthamo ubonwa

Imbewu ayihlwanyelwe ngaphambili kunenhlabathi ekujuleni kokufudumala okungama-10 cm kufika ku-10ºº. Ngeke ube nephutha ngesikhathi uma ugxila esibonelweni esithembekile sabantu - ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwama-dandelion noma ama-chestnut (kepha lokhu okugcina akuyona yonke indawo). Ekutshaleni kwangaphambili, imbewu iqala ukubola. Isikhathi esiqondile singashiyana ngesifunda. Kungaba yingxenye yokuqala ka-Ephreli nokuphela kukaMeyi.

Abalimi abaningi batshala okusanhlamvu ngqo emhlabathini. Kepha nakanjani badinga ukulungiselelwa kokuqala. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekuhlolweni. Imbewu yobhontshisi icwilisa imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-pinki se-potanganum permanganate noma kunoma yisiphi isikhunta semvelaphi yemvelo, exutywe ngokwemiyalo. Ngemuva kwalokho igezwa emanzini apholile agobhozayo bese kuthi amahora ama-3-4 igcinwe lapho kufakwa khona umlotha wezinkuni noma noma yisiphi isitolo se-biostimulator. Lapho-ke, ngobusuku ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu iyisongelwe ngendwangu emanzi noma ngethanga. Isigaba sokugcina - ngokuqondile ukhiphele emhlabathini, ubathelele kwisisombululo se-boric acid (2-3 g / l).

Ukunisela imbewu yobhontshisi ngaphambi kokutshala kuthinta kahle ukuhluma kwawo

Ngosuku olwandulela ukutshala, imisele imiswa embhedeni ngokujula kwama-4-8 cm.Ukulula inhlabathi, kuqina nesidingo sokungcwaba imbewu. Izikhathi eziphakathi kwazo okungenani zingama-40 cm kubhontshisi wasendle kanye no-10-15 cm ngaphezulu kokhonkolo. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane ecaleni lokuqala li-15-20 cm, kwesibili - 25-30 cm. Ziniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi, zifudunyezwa ukufudumeza igumbi, ngokufakwa kwamakristalu amaningana e-potanganum permanganate (kumbala opinki).

Uma izinhlobonhlobo zobhontshisi ezikhethiwe zihlukaniswa njengama-curly, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza indawo ye-trellis. Inketho elula kunazo zonke kusekelwa okuthe xaxa okuthethwe ngocingo phakathi kolayini abathathu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi babe yokhuni. Ubhontshisi awukwazi ukubamba ngeplastiki nensimbi.

Ubhontshisi wama-curly awukwazi ukutshalwa ngaphandle kwe-trellis

Imbewu engu-3-4 itshalwe “emgodini” ngamunye, uzifafaze nge-humus exutshwe nesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, umbhede uqiniswa ngesimbozo sepulasitiki noma ngendwangu embozwe mnyama. Ubhontshisi omnyama uyahluma ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10.

Imbewu yobhontshisi itshalwe emiseleni engaxutshwe kahle, echithelwe kahle ngamanzi

Amazinga okushisa ebusuku ngesikhathi sokususwa kwendawo yokukhosela akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-12ºС. Uma kunosongo lokuqandelwa yiqhwa, uma imbewu isivele ihlumile, amahlumela ayaphinda avale noma imililo yamakhampasi itshalwe eceleni kwembhede. Kukhona enye indlela yokuvikela okutshalekile ekuqandeni, eyaziwa ngabalimi abanolwazi - izitshalo zifafazwa nge-Epin exutshwe namanzi abandayo (3 litre ampoule). Umphumela uhlala izinsuku ezingama-8-10.

I-Epin - enye yama-biostimulants ajwayelekile

Ividiyo: ukutshala imbewu emabhontjisi emhlabathini

Izithombo zikabhontshisi omnyama ziyaqabukela zikhule. Le ndlela yenziwa ikakhulukazi yilabo abayithengisa. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno emavikini ama-2-3 ngaphambili kunokwejwayelekile, lapho umkhiqizo osemakethe usatholakala. Futhi, ukutshala izithombo zikabhontshiswa kufaneleka ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esingalungele kakhulu isiko. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unwebe isikhathi sokuzala.

Izithombo zikabhontshisi embhedeni zivele ngokushesha okukhulu

Imbewu itshalwe ezinkomishi zepuniat. Ngale ndlela, ingcindezi ehambisana nokufakelwa ingancishiswa ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande. Noma imuphi ubhontshisi usabela kabi kulowo wokugcina. Izithombo zikulungele ukutshala enhlabathini cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuqhuma, kufanele okungenani zibe namaqabunga ayi-3-4. Ukuze imbewu, ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokutshala kuchazwe ngenhla kuyadingeka.

Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngaphambi kokuvela lingama-23-25ºС. Ngemuva kwalokho kwehliselwa ku-16-18ºС. Isendlalelo sigcinwa njalo esimweni esimanzi ngokulinganayo. Uma izithombo zingakhuli ngokushesha okukhulu, esigabeni sesibili seqabunga ziphuzwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-nitrogen.

Indlela yesithombo yokutshala ubhontshisi omnyama ayivamisile ukwenziwa

Izeluleko Zokukhathalela Izitshalo

Ubhontshisi, odale izimo ezinhle zokukhula, akadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Njengezinye izilimo zasengadini, kudingeka iqinisekise ukhula njalo nokukhulula imibhede, ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele nokufaka umanyolo.

Ukuvula inhlabathi kufaka isandla ekunciphiseni inhlabathi

Enye inqubo edingekayo yezitshalo i-hilling. Kwenziwa lapho izithombo zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama 8-10 cm bese ziphinda emuva kwamasonto amabili. Ingxenye engenhla yobhontshisi inkulu kakhulu. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, izitshalo ziyowela phansi ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo. Izinhlobo ze-Curly ziboshwe kwi-trellis cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuqhuma.

Ubhontshisi omnyama isiko elithanda umswakama. Izinhlobo ezithile zanamuhla kuphela ezivumela isomiso isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulimala okuningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthambisa kaninginingi kuyingozi futhi - ama-stagnates amanzi ezimpandeni, acasule ukuthuthukiswa kokubola. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngomswakama ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nasenkambisweni yokuvuthwa kukabhontshisi.

Ubhontshisi omnyama yisiko elithanda umswakama, lokhu kusebenza nakwizitshalo zabantu abadala, futhi kuvela izithombo kuphela

Inqubo yenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho ilanga selishonile. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, kuyasiza ukufafaza izitshalo ngokungeziwe noma ukuzithululela emthonjeni wokunisela, futhi kusihlwa. Indlela engcono yamanzi ukufafaza, kulingise imvula yemvelo. Ukushisa kwamanzi - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-18 ° С. Uma isimo sezulu singashisi kakhulu, lina ngezikhathi ezithile, kwanele ukunisela ingadi njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7. Lapho kufudumele futhi kunelanga ngaphandle, izikhawu phakathi kwezinqubo zincishiselwa ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. Noma ungadinga ukunisela nsuku zonke.

Izithombo ezingaphansi kweminyaka yenyanga ziniselwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Lapho akha amaqabunga amahlanu eqiniso, ukuthambisa kuncishiswa kube okungenani okudingekayo. Kwindlela entsha, iqala kabusha kuphela ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, ikhulisa kancane kancane isilinganiso sesitshalo ngasinye kusuka ku-0.5-0.7 l kuya ku-2-3 l noma kuze kufike ku-15-20 l / m².

Izikhathi zokunisela ubhontshisi ziyaguqulwa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esasemgwaqweni

Kulabo balimi abangenalo ithuba lokuphila esizeni unomphela, i-mulching iyasebenziseka. I-Peat, humus, utshani obusha obusikiwe busiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini futhi kuvimbe ukukhula kokhula.

Ubhontshisi omnyama uphendula ngokubonga kumanyolo ngokwenyuka kwesivuno. Imvamisa, izingubo ezintathu eziphezulu zenziwa ngenkathi ngayinye. Lokhu kwanele ngisho nezinhlobo ezifika sekwephuzile.

Isikhathi sokuqala Umanyolo sisetshenziswa ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ngemuva kokuvela. Sebenzisa ingxube yamanyolo we-nitrogen ne-phosphate, isibonelo, i-superphosphate ne-urea, unciphise u-10-15 g kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Akusizi ukuthi uzame nge nitrogen. Ngokukhula kokuhlushwa okunconyiwe, ubhontshisi uqala ukukhulisa inkuthalo eluhlaza okonakalayo ukuze kulimaze izimbali kanye nokwenziwa kabhontshisi. Omunye umphumela omubi ukuwenza buthaka ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo.

I-Urea, kanye neminye imianyolo equkethe i-nitrogen, iyasetshenziswa, ngokubambelela ngokuqinile emthanjeni ophakanyisiwe kanye nesikhathi sokufaka umquba

Ingubo yesibili ephezulu yenziwa cishe amasonto amathathu ngemuva kweyokuqala. Ungasebenzisa noma imuphi umquba wesitolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezimantshi. Izinto eziphilayo zemvelo nazo kufanelekile - ukumiliselwa komquba omusha wezinkomo, imidwebo yenyoni, amaqabunga e-dandelion, imifino ye-nettle. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, umkhiqizo ophelile kufanele uhlungulwe bese ufakwa emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 8 (futhi uma udoti wawusetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe - 1:15).

Ukumiliselwa kweNettle - Umanyolo wemvelo nophelele

Isikhathi sokugcina sisetshenziswa ngemuva kwamanye amasonto amathathu. Ubhontshisi ovuthiwe udinga i-potassium. Umthombo wemvelo walokhu macroelement uthuthu lomlotha. Kuthululelwa isisekelo seziqu ngendlela efile noma ukumiliselwa kulungiselelwe. Okunye okufanelekile ngumanyolo wezimbiwa - potassium sulfate.

Ividiyo: Isipiliyoni Sokukhula Kwebhontshisi Emnyama

Izinambuzane zobhontshisi omnyama azikhombisi ukunakwa okukhulu. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu ezitshalweni kungabangelwa yi-slugs kanye nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngazo.

Ukuvikela ukutshala kusuka kuma-mollusks, isisekelo sesiqu sizungezwe “yisithiyo” senaliti, isihlabathi namagobolondo omhlabathi. Izicupho ziyasebenza futhi - zingcwatshwe enhlabathini embhedeni wesichibi, esigcwele ubhiya, i-kvass, ujamu kuxutshwe namanzi, amaqabunga eklabishi aqoshiwe. Ukwesabisa izinambuzane, ukutshala kufafazwa njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12 ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi noma i-gruel yegalikhi. Zivikela nobhontshisi ezinambuzaneni ezikalwa ngezikali. Ungayilwa nayo ngokubeka izingcezu zendwangu noma noboya bekotoni ofakwe uphalafini noma i-turpentine emaphaseji. Kuyasiza ukuzungeza umbhede eceleni komngcele ngamakhambi nezimbali ngephunga le-pungent - dill, basil, rosemary, sage, marigolds, lavender. Inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile ifafazwa ngomlotha wezinkuni oxutshwe namabhuthi kagwayi, ipepper yomhlabathi, i-mustard powder.

Isilulu sidla imifino yezitshalo, sidle izimbobo ngezithelo

Njengomthetho, ukuvikela ukuhlasela okukhulu kwezinambuzane, izindlela zokuthibela zanele. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukulwa nawo - ubhontshisi omnyama (kanye nanoma yikuphi okunye), njengesipanji sithatha noma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi. Kepha uma ezinye izindlela zingalethanga umphumela owufunayo, iMeta, ukuduma kwezulu, i-Sludge kusetshenziswe ngokumelene nama-slugs, bese kuthi i-Aktar, i-Fufanon, i-Findowstsid isetshenziswe ngokumelene nama-slugs.

Izindwangu ezizungeze amabala zithola i-hue engasibomvu obomvu engashisi.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu yi-mosaic, ukubola kwezimpande, i-anthracnose, i-bacteriosis, ukugqwala kwamaqabunga. Okokuqala, empeleni, ayikwazi ukwelashwa ngezindlela zesimanje. Ukujikeleza kuvame kakhulu ukuzibonakalisa ezingxenyeni zasemoyeni, kuphela uma inqubo yokuthuthuka kwayo isivele ingenakuphinda. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlobo, izitshalo zingakhipha bese zishisa, ziqede umthombo wokutheleleka. Isendlalelo esikule ndawo asibulawa magciwane, sichithwa nge-5% yethusi sulfate.

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta, i-potanganum permanganate yengezwa ngezikhathi ezithile emanzini okunisela ukuze kutholakale isixazululo se-pinkish. Izitshalo zihlanganiswa ngoshishi ochotshoziwe noma isibabule se-colloidal. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ifakwe kusisombululo seTrichodermin, Alirina-B. Ngemuva kokuthola izimpawu zobuntu, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa, mhlawumbe avela kwimvelaphi yemvelo. Le mishanguzo ilimaza kancane impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Okuvame kakhulu yiStrobi, Bayleton, Baikal-EM.

Igalari yezithombe: izimpawu zezifo eziyingozi kubhontshisi omnyama

Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi

Ngamabanga, angazihluphi ngokukhethekile. Ngake ngaphiwa umlimi omhlophe isihlahla (okusanhlamvu), kusukela lapho bengilokhu ngithatha imbewu yami. Imbewu yeWigna ithenge izinhlobo zeYunnan, isofthiwe kuphela ku-greenhouse. I-curra asparagus ethenga isihlahla, imibala ehlukile. Okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza. Akunazinkinga ngezixhaso, njengoba ngilitshala uthango, minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngonyaka owedlule, kwavela izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zikabhontshisi oyi-Fatima plus. Kwavela izithelo, ukunambitha futhi muhle kakhulu. Kulonyaka ngifuna ukuwutshala ngasodongeni lwegaraji, njengomhlobiso wegceke, ngiwukhiye udongeni lokuhlobisa nge-grill.

I-Sveta-nsk

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Ezinhlotsheni zobhontshisi ezigobile, ngangithanda amaMauritiya. Kepha uma uphuthelwa, khona-ke pods lukhuni. Kepha izitshalo eziqinile kakhulu futhi ezinamandla.

Umondli

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Nazi izinso kanye noKindi - ubhontshisi omnandi ongathandeki. Ezingakhethi, ezinamahlathi, zikhula kunoma yimuphi umhlaba (owami), zingasetshenziswa njengezitaladi. Ngemuva kwabo, ukhula lishiya imibhede. Esihlokweni bekukhona izithombe zika-Azuki, uLima - uqobo, azihambanga nami, zazintekenteke kakhulu. Lima ubukeka sengathi ujikijelekile.

E-Gggalina

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Lo nyaka, ubhontshisi we-asparagus ube yimpumelelo (noma kunjalo, njengakudala), uthanda ukukhula nami. Kuhlatshwe umxhwele yi-Black Opal ehlukahlukene - eyokuqala, imidumba yinde, miningi, inenyama. Wawa othandweni ngqo naye.

Tusja

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Ngonyaka odlule, imbewu ehlwanyelwe ehlathini uSupernano. Ubukhulu abuyona kakhulu, kepha ukukhiqiza, ukunambitheka kuyathandeka.

Liarosa

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Ehlobo eledlule, sekutshalwe Preto emnyama ubhontshisi (ufudu). Ngiwuthande impela ukunambitheka. Nakanjani ngizotshala okuningi.

U-Oldgrey

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Ubhontshisi omnyama, ocishe ube yingxenye yokudla eLatin America, kancane kancane uthola ukuthandwa nakwamanye amazwe. Abalimi baseRussia bamazi, iningi labo elithanda ukuzama ukubona izinto ezivamile. Izimbaza ezimnyama zikabhontshisi zinomsoco kakhulu futhi zinempilo. Awukwazi ukubiza ukunakekela isivuno esilula impela, kepha nomuntu ongalimi onesipiliyoni esingakanani uyakwazi ukukhokha isivuno esihle.Kunezinhlobo nezinhlobo zazo eziningi, kufaka phakathi lezo ezifuywa eRussia. Bajwayela ngaphambi kwezimo zesimo sezulu zasendaweni. Impela, uma ufisa, wonke umuntu uzothola okuhlukahlukene ngendlela abathanda ngayo, bonke banezinzuzo eziningi ezingabazeki. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, eziningi zazo zibukeka zihlobisa kakhulu, zihlobisa isiza.