Isikhathi esiningi kwakudingeka sibone, kumabonakude, kunjalo, ukuthi umlimi ongaziwa muntu wayekhule kanjani ithanga lesimangaliso. Lezi zindaba zihambisana nesithombe sengane ebukhulu obukhulu, futhi izinkumbulo zezingane zikhumbula ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo ubuhle obunjalo bungaguqulwa bube yimoto futhi buye ebholeni. Izinganekwane zinganekwane, kodwa futhi ungakhulisa ithanga elihle elihle ngesikhathi sethu sangempela. Vele, udinga nje ukwazi izimfihlo ezithile nemithetho.
Izinto zokudla ezinamathanga
Isikhathi esikhulayo samathanga, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-90 kuye kwezingama-110. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiko likwazi ukukhuphuka futhi likhule izithelo, isisindo salo kwesinye isikhathi esifinyelela kuma-50 kg nangaphezulu - lapha okuningi kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuze i-berry, okuyilokho izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo eziyibiza ngokuthi ithanga lethanga, ukuze ikhule ibe nkulu futhi imnandi, udinga ukwenza imizamo ethile.
Ithanga elikhulu eliqhakazile - ukuziqhenya komuntu okwengadi
Amaphoyinti abalulekile lapho kukhula lesi sitshalo:
- indawo - indawo evulekile yelanga;
- inhlabathi ivundile, iyakhululeka, inezinto eziningi eziphilayo;
- ukuchelela - kuvame futhi kuningi;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu - okufika ngesikhathi, kucatshangelwa isigaba sokukhula.
Ithanga, njengezinye izilimo eziningi zemifino, lidinga izakhi eziyisisekelo - i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium, kepha ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula, isitshalo sidinga amanani athile amaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo.
Okokuqala ukondla
Amathanga kuvame ukuthi kutshalwe ngezithombo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngale ndlela yokukhula, ingubo yokuqala ephezulu inikezwa izithombo ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesibili leqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo enhlabathini, umanyolo ufakwa njalo emavikini amabili.
Isikhathi sokuqala izithombo zamathanga zondliwa ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga langempela lesibili
Ukuthola isisombululo sezakhi, engeza kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi:
- 1 ilitha lomanyolo noma umanyolo oluhlaza;
- 20 g we-superphosphate;
- 15 g kasawoti we-potassium;
- 15 g we-ammonium nitrate.
Ngesixazululo esifanayo, ungondla ithanga elihlwanyelwe ngembewu okokuqala emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Lapho usuthisa izithombo noma izithombo ezincane zethanga ngamanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi amaminerali wezitshalo zemifino, ukugxila kufanele kube buthakathaka izikhathi ezimbili kunokukhonjisiwe kwimiyalo. Umenzi unikeza into evamile yezitshalo zabantu abadala, kanti nasezitheni izakhi eziningi zokulandela umkhondo zingabulala.
Inani lokufaka umanyolo ngokuqondile lincike ekuzalweni kwenhlabathi. Ithanga likhula kahle ezinqwabeni zomquba, kepha umquba uvame ukugcinwa emthunzini, futhi isivuno sidinga indawo enelanga. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kusuka ekwindla balungiselela indawo yethanga - babheka imfucumfucu yesitshalo engadini bayifaka enqwaba, bayifafazeze ngomhlaba bese beyimboza nge-foil noma nge-agrofiber Entwasahlobo, kutshalwa izithombo zethanga kulezi zinqwaba noma imbewu ihlwanyelwe. Le ndlela yokukhula iqeda isidingo se-nitrogen, okungukuthi, ama-organics acebile kuwo, ngoba lesi sitshalo sizothola zonke izinto ezidingekayo ezivela kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezisheshayo. Esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwezithelo, ithanga elikhulele phezu kwenqwaba lidliswa kabili ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.
Ithanga likhule phezu kwenqwaba yomquba aludingi umanyolo
Izinhlobo zomanyolo ithanga
Lapho ikhule embhedeni ojwayelekile, ithanga londliwa njalo emavikini amabili, kwethula ngokunye umanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo. Ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zithole zonke izithasiselo ngenxa yazo, kukhona imifino yokujula okuyi-6-8 cm ezungeze isitshalo ngasinye kude ne-20-25 cm. Umanyolo wokuqala, omile noketshezi, ufakwa emiseleni futhi ufafazwe nomhlaba. Ukuze uthole ukondliwa okuqhubekayo, ukujula kwenziwa kancane kancane - ebangeni elingama-40 cm ukusuka ehlathini.
Sizungeze isihlahla sethanga senze isicubu esincane sokufaka umquba
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Liquid kukhethwa kakhulu ezitshalweni eziningi zemifino - zishesha futhi zilingana ukufinyelela ezimpandeni zezitshalo futhi kulula ukudaya. Umanyolo owomile uncibilikisa isikhathi eside futhi ngokungalingani, ngakho-ke izitshalo ngasikhathi sinye zingabi nalutho kwezinye izinto bese zishiswa (uma izinhlayiya ezingafakwanga izimpande zifinyelela ezimpandeni) zabanye.
Umanyolo wamaminerali
Ngaphandle komanyolo wamaminerali, kunzima ukukhulisa ithanga elikhulu elimnandi. Ngisho nasemazweni evundile, lesi sitshalo semifino sizodinga iqoqo eligcwele lezinto kanye nenani elikhulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhula kuya kwezimbali, izitshalo zidinga i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium. Okokugqoka okuphezulu ngalesi sikhathi, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izichumisi eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali, ezifaka lezi zinto.
Ezikhiqizweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali, umuthi uKemira Combi uzitholele ngokwawo kahle. Lesi sidakamizwa, ngaphezu kokuyinhloko, siqukethe ezinye izinto ezidingekayo zokudla kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ezilandelwayo eKemir zisefomini e-chelated, okusho ukuthi isisombululo esingelona esinobuthi emvelweni. AmaChelates ayizingxube zezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo ezenziwa kahle izitshalo. UKemira Hydro unezimpawu ezifanayo.
Umanyolo wamaminerali we-Kemira Combi oqukethe isethi ephelele yezinto ezidingekayo ezitshalweni
Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo. Abakhiqizi bakhombisa hhayi kuphela amanani wesicelo somanyolo nokuvama, kepha nezindlela zokulungiselela izisombululo.
Ungawasebenzisa la manyolo womabili ngesimo esomile futhi njengezimpande ze-liquid nezambatho zaphezulu eziphezulu. Ukuze ulungiselele ikhambi, izipuni eziyi-1-2 zomuthi ziyahlanjululwa ngo-10 l wamanzi bese kuthiwe nemifantu. Ngokusetshenziswa owomile, inani elifanayo lomanyolo lifafazwa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwe-groove futhi libekwe uphawu ngenhlabathi.
I-Azofoska ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali owaziwa, mhlawumbe, kogogo bethu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalomanyolo ezithengiswayo ezinezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium. I-classic ejwayelekile i-NPK 16:16:16 ilungele zonke izitshalo ezingadini. Ngokugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu nge-1 m2 yenza u-30-40 g wesidakamizwa, ngoba uketshezi - 20-30 g ancibilikiswa ku-10 l wamanzi.
I-Azofoska iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula
Ukuze ubheke: Ku-1 isipuni ngaphandle kwe-10 g yokulungiselela eyomile.
Ukugqoka phezulu kwefoliar kwenziwa lapho izitshalo sezikhule kancane. Ukufafaza, umanyolo ofanayo kufanelekile njengokugqoka okungaphezulu ngaphansi kwempande, kepha ukugxila, njengomthetho, kufanele kube yingxenye.
Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar akuyona into ephansi ekusebenzeni kukamanyolo ngaphansi kwempande
Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwezithelo, isixazululo somlotha singasetshenziswa njengokugqoka okungaphezulu kwamaminerali. Njengoba wazi, umlotha ungumanyolo wemvelo onokuqukethwe okune-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-iron, i-boron, i-magnesium, isibabule, i-zinc, i-molybdenum, i-calcium nabanye abaningi. Ukwakheka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo kuncike ekutheni umlotha utholwe kanjani - ngokhuni oluvuthayo, utshani noma amalahle. I-Chlorine ayikho ngokuphelele emlotheni, futhi i-phosphorus ne-potassium zikuhlobo olutholakala kalula. Kungcono ukwenza ukugqoka okunjalo ngemuva kokuqhakaza, njengoba kungekho nitrogen emlotheni, kepha ngalesi sikhathi, ngamanani amakhulu, izitshalo azisakudingi.
Ukusetshenziswa komlotha akugcini nje ngokubumba inhlabathi, kepha futhi kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwayo futhi kuyicebise ngezinto ezilandelwayo
Lapho umlotha ungeniswa enhlabathini, izimo ezinhle zenzelwe izakhamizi zenhlabathi, futhi izitshalo ezitshalwe kabusha zinezimpande ngokushesha futhi zigule kakhulu. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-foliar ngomlotha kuvikela izitshalo ezifweni eziningi nasekuhlaselweni yizilokazane. Ukulungiselela isixazululo sesicelo ngaphansi kwempande, inkomishi eyi-1 (umlotha we-100) yomlotha iyoncibilikiswa ku-10 l wamanzi. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okungelona iqiniso thatha ama-50 g nge-10 amalitha.
Umanyolo we-organic
Umanyolo wamaminerali kufanele uguqulwe ngo-organic. Le-oda isindisa umhlabathi ekuqongeleleni ama-nitrate, ithuthukisa ukwakheka futhi inothisa ukwakheka kwayo ngenani lezakhamzimba nama-microelements.
Umanyolo we-organic, kanye nalawo amaminerali, aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziwusizo. Umehluko ukuthi zonke izakhamzimba eziku-organic yendalo zingokwemvelo futhi zitholakala ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zomanyolo wemvelo - noma ngabe ngumquba, umquba, izinkukhu zenkukhu noma ukhula ovuthiwe zicebisa inhlabathi ngamagciwane anamandla kanye namagciwane.
Lapho kukhula amathanga, ungazihlanganisi ekudla okuphilayo. Iqiniso ukuthi izidalwa ezinothile zinothile ku-nitrogen, futhi ngokweqile kwalesi sakhi kanye nokuntuleka kwe-potassium, izitshalo zitholakala ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhunta, ezinjenge-powdery hlobo kanye ne-Downy hlobo.
Umanyolo olula futhi ongabizi kakhulu we-organic organic yi-mullein noma i-slurry, imithamo yenkukhu nokufakwa kwamakhambi. Zonke lezi zembatho eziphezulu zicebile nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zomkhondo. Izisombululo zokugqoka eziphezulu ze-organic kulula ukuzilungiselela futhi, okubaluleke, zikhululekile ngokuphelele.
Ukwenza i-mullein, ibhakede lomquba limbozwe emabhereni ayi-5 amanzi, lifakwe izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho faka amabhakede amanzi ayi-5 bese uxuba kahle. Ukuze ugqoke okuphezulu, ilitha eli-1 lesisombululo lifakwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese izitshalo ziniselwa emiseleni esemhlabathini omanzi.
Ukuphonswa kwenkukhu noma izigwaca kumanzi kakhulu futhi kuncibilike njenge-mullein, kepha isixazululo esisebenzayo silungiswa ngokufakwa okuningana kwe-20: 20 (0.5 l yesisombululo kuxutshwe emanzini ayi-10 l).
Uma kungekho zinkukhu epulazini, izitolo zabalimi nabalimi bayasiza
Noma yimuphi utshani obunjiwe ulungele ukumiliselwa amakhambi, noma ngabe ukhula luyakhula engadini noma eduzane, khona-ke intandokazi kufanele inikezwe.
Ukulungiselela ukumnika:
- Isigamu seplastiki noma sokhuni eligcwele utshani.
- Faka inqwaba yotshani obomile.
- Faka ifosholo lomhlaba ovela engadini.
- Thelela phezulu ngamanzi.
- Shingisa.
- Mboza ngesembozo noma ngesikhwama sepulasitiki - lesi silinganiso sizovimba i-nitrogen ukubalekela futhi idedele ifu lezimpukane.
Umanyolo oluhlaza ungalungiswa futhi emgqonyeni wensimbi, uma ufaka isikhwama sepulasitiki esinamandla ngaphakathi
Nsuku zonke, ukumnika kumele kuhlanganiswe. Ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu, ingxube iqala ukuvuvukala - lokhu kujwayelekile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5, uma isimo sezulu sifudumele, igwebu liyohlala phansi, khona-ke ukumnika sekumi ngomumo. Uma kubanda, inqubo ingathatha isikhashana. Ukugxila okuhogelwayo kufakwa emanzini kuxutshwe ngo-1: 10 nethanga elinisela emhlabathini oswakeme, kube yimifantu. Kwisitshalo esisodwa thatha ilitha elilodwa lomanyolo ohlanjululwe.
Inqubo Yokugqoka
Umanyolo owedlulele, omaminerali nowe-organic, nawo awuthandeki kwithanga, njengokuntuleka. Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza umquba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela kulolo hlelo. Ngakho-ke, uma ithanga selikhulelwe ngenqwaba yemvelo - ukondla kuncane. Ngale ndlela, kwanele ukondla izitshalo izikhathi ezi-2 ngesikhathi sokukhula: izindikimba ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili angempela namaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi - ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamaqanda.
Kumhlabathi ompofu onesihlabathi futhi ugcotshisiwe, ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa njalo emavikini amabili, kuguqulwa umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral. Ngokuqala kokuqhakaza, ukugqokwa kwendabuko kuyamiswa.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwezithelo kuya ekutholeni isisindo sethanga, ungondla izitshalo ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium izikhathi ezi-1-2: chaza izipuni ezi-2 ze-superphosphate ne-1 isipuni sikasawoti we-potassium kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Lokhu kuqeda ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, futhi ithanga livuthwe lodwa.
Ekupheleni kokukhula kwezithelo ithanga, fed iyamiswa
Emhlabathini wenhlabathi evundile, lapho kukhula amathanga, umanyolo unikezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Umanyolo we-organic ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso.
- Amaminerali ahlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamaqanda.
- I-phosphorus-potash ngesikhathi kusungulwa izithelo.
Ividiyo: ungalikhulisa kanjani ithanga
Ukutshala ithanga akunzima nhlobo, kodwa ukuze uthole izithelo ezinkulu nezinambitha, udinga ukuthi ungagcini nje ngamanzi, ukhula ukhulule, kepha futhi ukondle kahle. Ngemuva kokufaka umanyolo ocabangele isigaba sokukhula futhi, nokushintshanisa phakathi komanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali, kubalulekile ukungabaniki ezimeni ezithile, kodwa ngokuya ngohlelo. Futhi ithanga elihle impela lizobonga ngokunakekelwa kwesivuno esihle kakhulu.
