I-izaqathe ingenye yemifino yokuqala engumuthi oyinhloko. Akukona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezidlulile kusukela lezo zikhathi ezikude, futhi izaqathi zisesetafuleni lethu. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabakhiqizi, isanqante yesimanje ihlukaniswa ukunambitheka kwayo nombala kusuka kwiprotgenitor yayo yasendle ukuze ibe ngcono. Isibonga sokubonga sihlela ngezikhathi ezithile izikhumbuzo kulezi zitshalo emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni: eCanada, eNew Zealand, eTurkey, e-United States of America nasePhilippines. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-sambulela, umthengi ofunwa kakhulu yi-isanqante ephuzi.
Imininingwane emfushane
Amaqathi afika ngemibala ehlukahlukene: i-orange, ephuzi, ephuzi, emhlophe, ngisho nangenyama eluhlaza. Imibala ixhomeke kokuqukethwe emangqamuzaneni esitshalo yezinto ezifana ne-anthocyanin noma i-carotene. Uma i-carotene ikhona, umbala wezimpande usuka ophuzi kuya ku-orange noma obomvu. I-predominance yama-stain anthocyanin izimpande ku-pink, burgundy noma ephuzi.
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesanqante, kubalulekile ukulihlwanyela kahle, ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele - ukuchelela, ukudla, ukuvikeleka ezinambuzane nezifo.
Izaqathi ezibomvu nezama-orange zivela eMedithera, izimpande zemibala ephuzi nomhlophe zivela e-Asia. Izimpande ze-carrot zasendle zisatholakala emahlathini nasemasimini aseRussia, amazwe aseYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Asia.
Uyazi? Umbala we-isanqante wawungekho njalo ophuzi, obomvu noma u-orange. Ngokwesibonelo, amaRoma asendulo ayesazi imifino kuphela yemifino, kanti abaseGibhithe badla ipephu. Umbala wezinqathe esasetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carotene kuwo. Ososayensi baseNetherlands baletha isanqante ye-orange ngokukhethwa isikhathi eside nokuqondiswa, okwakuthiwa ngegama lobukhosi bobukhosi be-Orange. Umbala we-orange ngumbala we-dynastic walo mndeni wasebukhosini.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Izazi ze-biologist emazweni amaningi zihlola ukuqondisa iziqondiso ukuze zithuthukise amafomu amasha, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeqathethi. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ze-varietal ezakhiwe ikakhulukazi njengezilimo zezitshalo zezilwane ezifuywayo. Izitshalo zemifino zidinga amazinga aphezulu esitashi kanye noshukela, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezithile kanye nokuvunwa okuphezulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinqathe, ezidliwa ngabantu, ziyizidingo ezihluke ngokuphelele: ijusi, ubumnandi, imibala enikezwe ababelethi, ifomu elungile, ukuvuthwa okunikeziwe (ekuqaleni, phakathi, ekupheleni) nokuthi indlela yesitshalo igcinwa ngayo. Ezinye izinhlobo eziphumelelayo zineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 ubudala, futhi zisaziwa njengaseminyakeni yokuqala yokulima kwazo. Nansi incazelo yezinhlobo eziningi eziphumelele kakhulu nezithandwayo.
"Mirzoi 304"
Izinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngo-1946 eRiphablikki yase-Uzbekistan ngabalimi baseSoviet futhi ziyizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zohlobo lwesanqante. Isici:
- Uhlwanyela ngokushesha, kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuze kuphele izinsuku ezingu-97-115;
- ukukhiqiza eningizimu ye-6.5 kg ngesikwele ngasinye. m, enyakatho ye-latitudes, isivuno sinciphile ngesigamu;
- Amaqabunga asitshalo ahlaza okomnyama, amaqabunga e-rosette obuphakathi;
- ama-petioles ngokwabo aphephekile, lapho ukukhipha impande emhlabathini owomile kuvame ukuphuka;
- isitshalo sempande sombala ophuzi noma ophuzi, ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye engenhla yempande ingaba iluhlaza;
- I-Mirzoi 304 i-cylinder ye-form width nge-tip ehambisanayo;
- izimpande ububanzi kuze kufike ku-3 cm, ubude 12-15 cm;
- isilinganiso sesisindo sesisindo singama-65-130 g.
Funda ngezinselele zokutshala izinhlobo ezinjalo zeziqathe njenge "Samson", "Nantes" no "Shantane 2461".
Izinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okusha, njengoba "ikhwalithi yokugcina" ekugcinweni kwemifino ehlanjululwayo iphansi, isetshenziselwa ukukhweza, ukwenza ama-juice nokudla. Yellow isanqante ezihlukahlukene "Mirzoi 304" Kunconywa ukutshala ezindaweni zase Asia Ephakathi.
Uyazi? Abanikazi bamakati ahlanzekile abanezinwele ezinombala obomvu noma izinyembezi ezibomvu ezikhanyayo kanye nephusi lomsila nsuku zonke banikeza izilwane zabo ezifuywayo i-krotrot eluhlaza, ehlutshiwe kahle ngo-5-10 g. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kungabikho umbala obomvu woboya.
"Yellowstone"
I-Carrot "Yellowstone" ivela e-United States of America.
Isici:
- isikhathi sokubeletha sekwephuzile, kuze kuphele izinsuku ezigcwele ezingu-160-180;
- Amaqabunga asitshalo ahlala isikhathi eside, enhle, eqoqwe endaweni enkulu;
- izimpande ezinama-spindle, isikhathi eside futhi kuncane kakhulu;
- ubude obuyi-20-24 cm, ububanzi buka-3-3.5 cm;
- isilinganiso sesisindo sesisindo 180-200 g;
- isivuno siphakeme kakhulu;
- Umbala wempande ubomvu okhanyayo, cishe u-canary;
- igcinwe ngokuphelele lapho ibeka isitoreji sasebusika;
- isitshalo sempande sinomnandi, kodwa hhayi ngamanzi anele, okuyinto evamile yazo zonke izinhlobo zephuzile.
"I-Solar Yellow"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezaqathe nazo zafika ezweni lakithi ezivela ezwekazini laseMelika. Igama lihumusha ngokuthi "i-Yellow Sun".
Funda futhi ngezindawo ezizuzisayo ze-chervil, i-safflower, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema, i-safron, i-ginger, i-lime, i-milkweed, i-rosemary, i-skumpiii, i-almonds.
Isici:
- Ngokushesha kakhulu, ekuhlwanyeleni ukutshala izimpande zithatha izinsuku ezingu-87-90;
- i-rosette yamaqabunga e-pubescence ephakathi, ashiya amandla;
- ubude bempande 15-20 cm, ububanzi 3.5-4 cm;
- ukuma - isikhala eside, ngaphandle kwama-bulges, okufanayo kulo lonke ubude;
- Umbala wempande ukhanyisa kakhulu, ophuzi, unokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-xanthophyll ne-lutein;
- inyama iyamanzi, ilukhuni futhi iyathandeka kakhulu;
- agcinwe "i-Solar Yellow" kabi.
Ukwakhiwa nekhalori
Abacwaningi besayensi baye babonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi nobude bokuphila komuntu zihlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kahle kwepheshana lamathumbu. Uma umuthi wamathumbu usebenza kancane kancane naphakathi, ama-toxins akhiwa futhi agcinwe emzimbeni, okwenza ubuthi obuncane kubantu.
Isixazululo sale nkinga kutholakala njalo ngamanzi nezithelo zemifino. Futhi lokhu kuzosiza umuntu adle izaqathe, aqukethe inani elikhulu lamanzi ezithelo.
Kubalulekile! Imbewu ye-umbrella icebile emafutheni abalulekile kanye ne-daukarin. Izazi ze-biologists ziyaqiniseka ukuthi inqwaba yezakhi kanye namavithamini ayigugu kakhulu atholakala ezikhumba zemifino, futhi kufanele idliwe kanye nesikhumba (ukuhlanza kahle ngebhashizi namanzi).
Izaqathi eziphuzi zicebile kulezi zimaminerali namavithamini:
- i-magnesium ne-potassium;
- i-fluorine ne-calcium;
- i-phosphorus ne-zinc;
- iron, iodine kanye ne-sodium;
- Amavithamini B;
- amavithamini A, C, E, H kanye neP PP, K.
Ama-karoti ayimkhiqizo okwanelisayo, i-calorific value yayo i-330 kcal nge-1 kg. Ngemva kokudla izaqathe emzimbeni, ukusabela kwe-carotene kuya kwe-retinol kwenzeka. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusabela okuwusizo okunjalo kwenzeka kuphela lapho okungenani kukhona inani elincane elincane lamafutha emzimbeni kanye ne-carotene. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanjenge-izaqathi ezinotshani ngekhilimu omuncu, ibhotela noma amafutha omifino bayawusizo kakhulu kubantu.
Uyazi? Kuvela ukuthi inganekwane eyaziwayo mayelana nezinzuzo izaqathe ukubona iyincazelo engempi. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iBrithani Yomoya YaseBrithani yaqala ukusebenzisa ama-radars emisebenzini yokulwa, futhi ukufihla lolu lwazi, i-counterintelligence yaqala umlando kubantu abaningi abahamba ngezindiza baseBrithani badla eziningi izaqathe, ngakho-ke bawashaya kahle. Ulwazi olungalungile luye lwasakazeka kakhulu emphakathini futhi lwahlala eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-70 engqondweni yabantu.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Izimpande ze-umbrella ziqukethe i-lutein, ewusizo kakhulu embonweni futhi ungumvikeli we-retina emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, kanye ne-xanthophyll - into enamandla kunayo yonke evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingokwemvelo. Izaqathe ziyingxenye yomuthi "Urolesan", ijusi layo kanye nosawoti - lena ithuluzi elihle lemiphumela yokwelapha ekuguleni kwe-bile ducts kanye ne-urolithiasis.
Imbewu ye-umbrella iyingxenye yama-antispasmodics, njengesidakamizwa esithi "Daukarin", esivela khona amafutha abalulekile, asetshenziselwa kakhulu emakhemikhali nasezimbonini zezimonyo.
I-carrot imbewu kanye nosawoti zisetshenziselwa imithi yabantu:
- Njengomdlavuza omnene: ekuseni, isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla, uphuze ijubane le-carrot elisha. Ngomntwana, 50 ml isanele, umthamo omdala ungama-100ml wejusi.
- Ukuhlanza izigulane ze-sweat, isibindi, gallbladder: ukuxuba kwenziwa nge-beet ijusi, isanqante nekhukhamba (ngokulingana okulinganayo). Sebenzisa ingxube yamanzi 1 isikhathi ngosuku (ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni). Ngemuva kokuthatha ingxube yamanzi, ungadli inyama nokudla okumnandi, imikhiqizo equkethe isitashi, kuze kufike isikhathi semini. Inkambo yokwelashwa yizinsuku ezingu-10.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-beriberi ne-anemia (ukuphelelwa yisikhathi): ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni, ngesisu esingenalutho, udle izaqathe ezivuthiwe (100-150 g), zixubane nezinkezo ezimbili noma ezimbili ukhilimu omuncu noma amafutha yemifino.
- Ukwelashwa kwamanxeba angcolile nokushisa: izaqathe eziqoshiwe ezifakwe endaweni ethintekile. Yonke i-quarter yehora ye-lotion ishintshela ku-fresh. Ukwelashwa kusiza kuphela ngokushisa okutholiwe.
- Ukwelapha komlomo: cindezela ijusi kusuka ku-1 isanqante esisezingeni eliphakathi bese uxuba ne-1 isipuni soju. Ingxube elandelwayo kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi afudumele abilisiwe ezinxenyeni ezilinganayo futhi igubhe izikhathi ezingu-4-6 ngosuku.
- Ukuxoshwa kwezibungu kusukela emzimbeni wengane: ekuseni ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho ukuphuza isigamu sendebe yesanqante.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-thrush: Ijusi elisha lixubene noju ngokulinganisela okulinganayo futhi lihlanza umlomo wakho noma lifakwe esibhakabhakeni.
Isicelo sokupheka
Izaqathi eziphuzi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izobho, i-borscht, imifino, inhlanzi kanye nezitsha zenyama, ngisho nokupheka amaqebelengwane amnandi nama-pie. Imifino emifino esheshayo ixubaniswe nge-grater enamafutha futhi enhle, ifakwe i juice futhi iqoshiwe zibe izindandatho.
Bilisa, isobho, ulungise amazambane ahlambulukile kanye namasoso. Izaqathe eziqoshiwe ezigcobekwe ngamafutha yemifino zengezwa kwizifundo zokuqala nezesibili, ezingabaniki kuphela ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nephunga elimnandi, kodwa futhi nombala omuhle wegolide ophuzi.
Kubalulekile! Ama-karoti awalahlekelwa i-carotene nezinye izinto eziningi eziwusizo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, ngakho-ke ukudla okuqukethwe kuwo akusiyo kuphela okuhlwabusayo, kodwa futhi kuyasiza.
Imifino ehlwanyelwe i-grater eyamaqabunga yenziwe ngebhotela epanini lokudoba emaminithini angu-20-25, bese ushukela wengezwa ukunambitha futhi usetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ama-pie.
Ukuchithwa yizintambo noma izaqathe ezincane ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela amalungiselelo ebusika (ukulondolozwa) ukulungiselela ama-pickle, ukulondoloza utamatisi noma ama-saladi kusuka enhlanganisweni yemifino.
Ukulimala nokuphikisana
Akukhona ukuphikisana okuningi kokudla izaqathe eziphuzi. Njengoba u-Avicenna omkhulu athi, "kukhona umuthi kulesi sipuni, ubuthi enkomishini," ukulinganiswa kuyadingeka kukho konke. Uma umuntu edla ama-kloksi ayi-10 ngesonto, lokhu kuzoholela ekugqibeleni komzimba nge-beta-carotene futhi nokuthi isikhumba sakhe siphendukile (isifo se-carotenemia).
Akukho lutho olubi kulokhu, ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwangaphandle - isikhumba esiphuzi ebusweni nasezintendeni eziphuzi. Ukuze ususe imiphumela yangaphandle yokudla ngokweqile, udinga ukuqeda ngokuphelele izaqathe kusukela ekudleni kwamaviki angu-2-3. Ngaphansi kwezimo kufanele abantu balandele ukudla okunanqante.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kufanele kube kuphela kubantu:
- ababhemayo nsuku zonke;
- izilonda kanye nesifo sikashukela;
- unenkinga ye -roid;
- ukuhlukunyezwa yi-allergies.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba izitshalo zezimpande zitshalwe ngezimboni zezimboni zisebenzisa ama-insecticide, ama-fertilizer amaminerali, ama-stimulants nokukhula kwama-inhibitors, kungenzeka kube khona inani eliningi kakhulu le-nitrate ekukhiqizeni kokugcina. Ukuze ugweme ukuqoqwa kwe-nitrate emzimbeni, udinga ukuthenga izaqathe ezikhulile kumanyolo wemvelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.
Njengoba sesiyiqonda wonke amaqiniso awaziwayo, siya ekuqinisekisweni okuqinile ukuthi izinzuzo umuntu angathola ngokufaka izaqathe ekudleni kwakhe, izikhathi eziningi zidlula umonakalo ongabalulekanga obangele. Izaqathe eziphuzi ngeke zinikeze umzimba kuphela ngezinto ezinenzuzo, amaminerali namavithamini, kodwa futhi zicebisa ukunambitheka kwezitsha ezifakwe kwimenyu yansuku zonke.
