Isifo seGladiolus - Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane

IGladiolus iyindlela yokuhlobisa cishe yonke ingadi. Kunemibala ehlukahlukene yale mbali. Izwe lakubo yi-Afrika ne-Asia. Kusuka Latin, igama elihumusha ngokuthi "inkemba encane." Isihloko esingezansi sikhuluma ngezifo eziphambili ze-gladioli nokuthi ungazisingatha kanjani.

Ukuchazwa kafushane kwesitshalo

UGladiolus ungowomndeni ka-Iris. Lesi sitshalo sihlala njalo. Amacembe mide futhi aluhlaza, abukhali kumathiphu. Ubude bawo busuka ku-40 kuye kuma-80 cm. Isiqu sinokwakheka okuminyene. Isitshalo singafinyelela kubude obuyikhulu nengxenye kuya kumamitha. Engxenyeni engenhla, kuyaqoqwa izimbali ezingafika ku-40, ezinobukhulu obuhlukile kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-15 cm. Zinezimo zopholi, futhi amacembe azo agxotshwa ngaphandle. Umbala wezimbali ungohluka kakhulu: mhlophe, beige, bomvu, njll.

Iziphi izifo ama-gladioli anazo?

Izimpawu zesifo sezimbali

Kunezifo ezahlukahlukene ze-gladioli. Ukuze ulwe nabo ngendlela efanele, okokuqala, ukuthola imbangela, kususelwa kwizimpawu zesifo. Lezi zitshalo zinokungavikeleki kahle komzimba, ngakho-ke i-gladioli isengozini yokuthola izilokazane nezifo.

Amacembe aphuzi

Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani amaqabunga e-gladiolus ephenduka aphuzi. Isizathu salokhu izifo ezahlukahlukene. Isitshalo esithintekile asitholi izakhamzimba ezanele, ngakho-ke siqala ukonakala futhi somile.

Ukusonteka

Olunye uphawu olukhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinokugula ukusonteka kwesiqu. Imvamisa lolu phawu lubonisa izifo ezifana ne-jaundice, i-mosaic, i-ring amabala.

I-Spotting

Ukuba khona kwamabala emacembe ezitshalo kukhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo esithathelwanayo. Lezi zifo ziyingozi ngoba ziyathathelana nezitshalo ezinempilo.

Ukugqwala ezimpandeni

Ukugqwala kungavela ezimpandeni. Ukuzwisisa lokhu, amabala agqamile kumaqabunga azosiza. Amabhuzu we-Orange nawo angavela.

Ezinye izinkomba okungaqondakala ngazo ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyagula sifaka: ukukhula okuntekenteke, amabala ansundu avela ezimpandeni, amafomu ansundu amabala kumabhu lapho kugcinwa, ukulahleka kwesimo nezimbali eziqhakazayo, ukukhula kuhlelo lwezimpande.

Ungabhekana kanjani nezifo eziyingozi

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zezifo ezifikelwa yizimbali, zomile futhi zife.

Izifo zingaba yimvelo yegciwane noma yegciwane. Lokhu okulandelayo kuchaza ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi ku-gladioli nokuthi enzeni.

Izifo zokukhunta

Isizathu okungenzeka esenza amahlamvu aphenduke aphuzi ku-gladioli, kanye nokuvela kwezinye izimpawu, ukutheleleka kwesitshalo ngezifo zokukhunta.

Isigaxa segciwane

Uma amaqabunga e-gladiolus ephenduka aphuzi futhi esomile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi atheleleke ngegciwane lebhakteriya. Lokhu kugula kuyathathelana. Kubangelwa amagciwane enhlabathi. Izimbangela zalesi sifo:

• ukukhuphuka komswakama kanye nokunganele kwe-acidity yenhlabathi;
• itafula lamanzi amaningi;
• sezulu esimanzi njalo.

Izimpawu:

• amabala anemibala ebomvu avela kuma-tubers nasendaweni eseduze nezimpande, nezilonda nama-warts, abola kamuva;
• amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi abunile.

Uma i-gladioli iphenduka iphuzi, okufanele ukwenze:

• i-acidify inhlabathi ye-alkali;
• uma amanzi asemhlabathini esondela kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba noma umswakama ukhuphukile, kudingeka amanzi;
• izitshalo ezitheleleke kakhulu kumele zichithwe. Isiphetho esingathintekile singanqunywa.

Ngabe ibala lamagciwane libukeka kanjani?

I-Fusarium

Ibizwa nangokuthi isikhunta senhlabathi. Ama-90% ezitshalo abulawa yilesi sifo. Isikhunta singaphila emhlabathini iminyaka emihlanu. Ukubonakala kwe-pathogen kuhlotshaniswa nokufakwa umquba ngokweqile ngomanyolo we-nitrogen kanye ne-organic, ukuqina ngokweqile noma umswakama. Lesi sifo yisizathu esenza ukuthi i-gladioli ikhule ama-curves bese iwa.

I-botritiosis

Isikhunta singasakazeka ngomoya noma ngamanzi. Isitshalo singatheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhula nangesikhathi sokugcina. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka esimweni sezulu esimanzi nasipholile. Zonke izingxenye ze-gladiolus ziyathinteka. Kuvela amabala amancane ansundu emaqabungeni. Izimbali ziyanyamalala, bese kuvela amabala kumacembe awo. Izitshalo ezithintekile kumele ziqedwe. Amabhuleki kufanele ahlelwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokugcinwa. Ngaphambi kokubashiyela ubusika, kuyadingeka ukoma, ukhiphe amagciwane ngaphambi kokutshala.

Septhemba

Kubangelwa futhi isikhunta somhlabathi futhi siyatheleleka. Ukuvela kwayo kwenzeka enhlabathini engeyinhle futhi esindayo ene-acidity ephezulu kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuqala esimweni sezulu esimanzi.

Isitshalo esithintekile ngo-Septoria

Izimpawu

• ukuvela kwamabala abomvu ansundu emaqabungeni;
• amabala amnyama amnyama avela kuzilimo eziyizigaxa, eziphenduka zibe mnyama ukubola.

Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi. Uma umonakalo ungabalulekile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuba ubasuse ngommese bese ugcobe indawo ebunjiwe ngopende oluhlaza.

I-Sclerotinia

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula. Isikhunta singaphila emhlabathini iminyaka engaba ngu-15- 20. Kwenzeka enhlabathini nge-acidity ephezulu, i-humus ngokweqile, noma uma izimbali zikhule ezindaweni ezinamanzi nezumnyama. Isitshalo singagula futhi ngomhlabathi ongcolile. Kuvela amabala amnyama emaqabungeni, bese amahlamvu ephenduka aphuzi, ajike abe nsundu kanye nama-rots. Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-gladioli ikhula kabi futhi ihlushwa ukugula:

• ukuncishiswa kwenhlabathi acidity;
• Ukukhetha ngokucophelela kwama-bulbs ukuze kugcinwe kuwo;
• ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezinesifo.

Isitshalo se-Sclerotiniosis

Umdlavuza wegciwane webacteria

Kuyisifo esithathelwanayo. Izikhunta zesikhunta ziphikelela emhlabathini cishe iminyaka emibili. Kwenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo kumabhulethi ngesikhathi sokugcina nokutshala, ukulimala kwentamo nokuqala kwesiqu ngesikhathi sokunakekela isitshalo. Uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo ukubukeka kokukhula okuhlukahlukene, okunesimo nobukhulu obuhlukile. Ngaphambi kokugcinwa, ama-bulbs kufanele ahlelwe ngokucophelela. Uguquliwe, uyisicaba ngokweqile ngezindawo ezimanzi nezomile kufanele ubekwe eceleni.

Izifo zegciwane zegadi gladioli

Amagciwane akhula ngaphakathi kwamaseli nawo ayimbangela yokuthi ama-gladioli aqhume.

UMose, iJaundice, ibala

Lezi zifo zingamagciwane emvelweni. Zinezimpawu ezifanayo, futhi ungasiphatha lesi sitshalo kubo ngezindlela ezifanayo. Ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane, kuvela imichilo ekhanyayo, izindandatho kanye namabala ezimbali nasezindongeni. Isitshalo siba sincane, futhi izingxenye zaso zishintsha ukwakheka. Ukubonakaliswa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo wezinambuzane, okuyizithwali. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukulwa namagciwane.

Izilokazane ezibalulekile nezindlela zokulawula

IGladiolus inezinambuzane eziningi eziholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.

Phawula u-anyanisi

Imikhaza ingasakazeka emhlabathini. Badla ama-plant bulbs. Lapho zingena ngezikali ezonakele. Insikazi ithwala amaqanda amaningi amunca lonke ujusi kusuka ku-bulb. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, imbali iphenduka iphuzi, bese yomile bese iyafa. Impande uqobo iqala ukubola.

Izimbali ezithintekayo ziyaqedwa. Kulezo zindawo lapho kwakhula khona izimbali ezigulayo, awukwazi ukutshala lutho iminyaka emihlanu. Izitshalo zingafafazwa nge-karbofos noma ziniswe nge-celtan.

I-Medvedka

Ibhele liyisidambisi esinobude obungafika ku-3 cm. Ukuphila emhlabathini futhi kudle izimpande zesitshalo. Imvamisa ezinhlamvini ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo singoma ubusuku bonke. Lesi sinambuzane sisatshalaliswa enhlabathini evulekile nenomswakama, lapho kunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus. Ukulwa namagciwane kungenzeka ngokumba indawo ngaphambi kokutshala. Lapho ushunqa inkathazo, kufanelekile ukufafazwa nge-dichlorvos, kanye nama-kalbofos emhlabathini.

Umhlonyane

Lesi sinambuzane yisibungu sehungane. Ikhula ngobude ifinyelela ku-2 cm. I-parasite idla i-bulb bese ihamba kuyo. Ngomswakama ophansi, i-wireworm igaya ingxenye ephakathi yamahlumela, lapho isitshalo sife khona. Ngokujwayelekile i-wireworm lapho kukhona khona amathanga we-seedgrass.

Indawo kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile, iqeda ukhula. Eduze kwezimbali, ungafaka amazambane aluhlaza, beet noma izaqathi ukuheha inkathazo. I-Metaphos powder ifakwe emhlabathini.

Scoops

I-scoop uvemvane omncane olunamaphiko ampunga noma ansundu. Amagobongo avela emaqabungeni esitshalo esithintekile. Izinambuzane zidla amaqabunga, isiqu noma amaqabunga. Isitshalo siphathwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kanye ne-infusions yamakhambi.

Ama-Thrips

Ama-thrips adla zonke izinhlobo ze-gladioli. Ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu kufika ku-1.5 mm. Ama-parasites ebusika kahle esikalini se-bulb. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda ukungayeki. Izinambuzane nezibungu zazo kushiya amachashazi amnyama.

Kunokwenzeka ukucubungula i-gladioli kusuka kuma-thrips:

• ikarbofosy icubungula izimpande ngemuva kokuzifaka;
• ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ama ambozwe ngembobo.

Iziqeshana kanye namakati

Imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezingahlaswanga ukhula. Badla amahlamvu namahlumela, bashiya izimbobo. Ungalwa kanjani:

• setha izicupho ze-slugs;
• ukhula lokhula;
• hlanza ngesandla.

Ukuvimbela Izifo nokunakekelwa

IGladioli yonakalisa izinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze isitshalo singalimazi, kudingeka izindlela zokuvimbela nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ukushisa

Amabhuleki agcinwa ngo-6 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuthi ifike, idluliselwa egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa liyi-15 ° C. Ukutshala isitshalo kungcono kakhulu lapho inhlabathi isifudumele ifinyelela ku-10 ° C. Ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, imbali idinga umbuso wokushisa osendaweni ka-15-25 ° C.

Isibani

Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle. Ngisho nesithunzi esincane ezindaweni ezisenyakatho singabambezela ukukhula kwezimbali. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukufutheka kancane kuyamukeleka.

Ukunisela

Ngesikhathi sesomiso, lesi sitshalo siniselwa njalo ngesonto noma njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Akunakwenzeka ukunisela isitshalo ngokuphelele. Kudingeka ibhakede lamanzi eli-1 m². Inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe umswakama ize ibe ngu-30-35 cm.

Ukufafaza

Ukuze ama-buds akheke esitshalweni angajabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle, kufanele afafazwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-boric acid (1.5 g), i- sulfate yethusi (2 g), i-zinc sulfate (1 g), amanzi (10 l), insipho ewuketshezi (15 ml) ixubekile.

Umswakama

Umswakama ofanelekile wokukhula kwe-gladioli cishe ngama-70%.

Inhlabathi

AbakwaGladioli abafuneki kangako emhlabathini, ngakho-ke noma ngubani uzokwenza. Lapho umhlabathi ulula, ukuthambisa kuvame kakhulu, futhi lapho kunesisindo khona, ukukhululeka kuyadingeka.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Uma inhlabathi ivundile futhi ivundiswa nge-humus njalo ngonyaka, khona-ke ukugqoka okuphezulu kungashiywa. Uma inhlabathi incishisiwe, khona-ke ngoJuni, i-nitrogen ne-potassium yengezwa, ngoJulayi - i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus, ngo-Agasti - potassium ne-phosphorus.

Ukusuka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni eziningi, ama-gladioli angafa. Ngakho-ke, ukubanakekela okufanele kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kubalulekile. Uma kungabonakala ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane, usomabhizinisi kumele athathe izinyathelo zokuhlenga masinyane, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kusebenze kamuva ukusindisa imbali.