Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo amakhabe yi-semi-desert yaseNingizimu Afrika esishisayo. Kodwa-ke, namuhla lesi sitshalo somndeni wethanga ngezithelo eziqhakazile futhi ezinoshukela, sitshalwa kamnandi yonke indawo. Umngcele osenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa kwalesi siko, ngemizamo yabafuyi bezindawo, usudlulele kakhulu ekufinyeleleni komhlaba osenyakatho. Insimu yaseBelarus yayihlukile. Ngobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo kanye no-nzalo osekudlule ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu se-East European Middle Band, ngisho ongenalwazi we-melon grower angaziphatha yena nalabo abasondelene naye ngekhabethe elimnandi nelinempilo kusuka engadini yakhe.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele ukulinyelwa eBelarus
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zesiko ezikhathazayo kangaka ngeBelarus njengekhabe elizokujabulisa umlimi. I-watermelon isisitshalo eseningizimu, esikhanyayo ne-thermophilic, esidinga ilanga nomswakama olinganiselayo. I-watermelon ngeke ikwazi ukukhula futhi ikhule ngokujwayelekile emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka +15mayelanaC. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni lapho ukuncipha okunjalo kokushisa kungejwayelekile ezinyangeni zasehlobo ezifudumele, kufanelekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zokuqala nezaphakathi kwamabili okuqala. Chaza ukuthi zingakanani izinsuku izitshalo ezizodinga lesi simiso kusuka ekuqaleni kwamaqanda esithelo kuya ekuvuthweni kwezithelo. Lesi sikhathi akufanele sidlule ezinsukwini ezingama-70-80. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo zinconywa kubalimi beBelarusian.
Ithebula: izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe enhlabathi evulekile
| Isihloko | Isikhathi izimila (izinsuku) | Incazelo emfushane |
| UMadison | 65-85 | Isisindo se-fetus sifinyelela ku-3-6 kg. Izithelo zinobude, ziluhlaza okukhanyayo, ezinemivimbo emincane emnyama, ezinemibala emincane. Umongo ubomvu okhanyayo, ushukela, namanzi. Ukubekezelela isomiso. Ukumelana neFusarium. |
| IStetson F1 | 65-75 | Isisindo se-fetus ngama-3-5 kg. Amajikijolo ayindilinga. Imivimbo enamandla enamagatsha anamandla. Ikhasi lingobukhulu obuphakathi. Ingaphakathi limnandi, ngaphandle kwemicu. Ukuhoxa okuphezulu. Ayihlushwa izinguquko zokushisa. |
| Isibhamu esikhulu P1 | 55-75 | Isisindo se-fetus ngamakhilogremu ayi-4-6. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, acwebezelayo. Ikhasi lincane. Umongo ubushele, umnandi. Imbewu incane. |
| UCrimson Ruby | 65-70 | Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-3-5 kg, zidlulisiwe. Ikhasi linobukhulu obuphakathi, luhlaza okotshani onamabala amnyama nemivimbo. Umongo uyakhanya, unoshukela, ushukela. Imithambo kanye nemicu ayikho. Ukumelana neFusarium. Akesabi ukushiswa yilanga. |
| UCharleston Grey | 75-90 | Kunamaqanda amaningi, kepha amajikijolo makhulu, anesisindo esingama-3-8 kg, esimo sohlobo lwe-torpedo lwangempela. I-peel is thick, hard, monotonous, isaladithunzi. Umongo upinki okhanyayo, onoshukela, omnandi. Isitshalo simelana ne-anthracnose ne-fusarium. |
| IsiRomanza F1 | 70-85 | Izithelo ziyindilinga, zinesisindo esingu-3-8 kg. Okusajingijolo umongo, ithenda, namanzi, kumnandi. Isitshalo sakha iziswebhu ezinamandla. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa namazinga okushisa, angahlaselwa iFusarium. |
Ithebula: izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe ngokutshala okuluhlaza okotshani
Ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe, izinhlobo ezingakheki ezinamandla, imivimbo emide zikhethiwe amakhabe akhula endaweni eluhlaza. Izithelo zezitshalo ezinjalo zincanyana, ngaphakathi kwama-2-6 kg. Ukuhlangana kwesitshalo kubuye kusize umsebenzi wokuqothula izimbali.
| Isihloko | Isikhathi izimila (izinsuku) | Incazelo emfushane |
| Katherine | 70-75 | Isisindo sezithelo ngu-2-4 kg. Ama-watermelons anama-elliptical, amise umphongolo. Umhlanga unombala ophuzi, imivimbo eluhlaza okotshani obumnyama. Ingaphakathi likhulu, libomvu okumnyama, ushukela. Isitshalo siyamelana ne-fusarium. |
| Kuban zakuqala | 75-85 | Isisindo samakhabe ngu-1.5-3 kg. Izithelo ezinendawo ehlukanisiwe. Ikhasi lincane. Umongo ubushelelezi, umnandi. Isitshalo asenzi imivimbo enamandla. Ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-bacteriosis, anthracnose ne-fusariosis. |
| ELibya | 75-85 | Amajikijolo anesisindo esifinyelela ku-3-6 kg, ebanzi kakhulu. Ikhasi lincane, liluhlaza okhanyayo ngemivimbo emnyama ebanzi. Umongo ubomvu, umnandi ngokulinganayo. Lesi sitshalo simelana nokushiswa yilanga kanye nokushisa kwezinga lokushisa. |
| Qhafaza | 75-85 | Isisindo sezithelo singama-1.5-2,5 kg. Amahlumela ngama-ovari amaningi. Ikhasi le-berry lincane, umongo ubushukela, ushukela. Ihlaselwa kalula iFusarium. |
| Isipho ilanga | 65-75 | Izithelo ziyindilinga, zinesisindo esingu-1.5-3 kg. I-peel is ezintekenteke, inciphile, iphuzi ngemivimbo ephuzi emnyama. I-pulp ibomvu, i-granular, ithenda, ushukela. Imbewu incane. Ukubekezelela isomiso. |
Izimo ezikhulayo
I-Watermelon isiko eliseningizimu, i-thermophilic. Lesi sitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukukhula ngokungabi nokushisa, ukukhanya kanye nomswakama.
Inhlabathi yemibhede yamakhabe ingakhethwa kahle ngesihlabathi noma i-loamy, ilula, igcwele i-humus. Izinsimbi ezisindayo, ezineziwasho zamanzi azamukeleki. Inani le-pH elilungile likuluhlu lwe-6 - 6.5. I-watermelon ikhula kahle ezindaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona izindunduma nezinhlamvu, izaqathe kanye neklabishi, kodwa ngemuva kwamathanga, ukhukhamba noma i-zucchini, amakhabe akufanele atshalwe. Ku-ikhabe, ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kubalulekile, njengoba kunjalo nokuvimbela i-bacteriosis, isifo esidluliselwa ngamagciwane omhlabathi.
I-watermelon ifuna ukuthambisa okufanele. Ukweqa ngokweqile kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwezifo ezinjenge fungal grey, anthracnose, fusarium. I-pulp yezithelo ezivuthiwe izothukululwa, kube nokuqina okuphansi. Musa ukufafaza izitshalo ngokweqile esimweni sezulu esipholile, esishisayo nesinethayo. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ukuthambisa kumiswa ngokuphelele. I-watermelon isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso, noma kunjalo, ukuntuleka komswakama nakho kungadala ukuqothuka, futhi kunciphise isivuno kanye nezithelo.
Lesi sitshalo sinohlelo oluyimpande oluyisiqalo, ngakho-ke, alukubekezeleli ukuqina kwamanzi. Indawo lapho amakhabe akhula khona kufanele ihlanzwe kahle. Ezindaweni lapho amanzi asemhlabathini asondele khona ngaphezulu, kungcono ukwenqaba ukutshala amakhabe.
I-watermelon inezithombe eziningi. Izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe, zinamathela ohlelweni lokutshala indawo evulekile noma izingadi zokugcina izithombo, ebangeni eliphakathi kwazo. Asikho isitshalo esingaphezu kwesisodwa esitshalwe emgodini owodwa: akukho ngaphezu kwamakhabe amathathu okufanele akhule ngemitha eyodwa. Kuyasiza ukunciphisa umkhawulo we-fruiting ngokuya ngezimo zokufakelwa kanye nomswakama. Ukungena kokwehla akumelwe kuvunyelwe.
Ukutshala ikhabe izithombo
Esimweni sezulu saseBelarusian, indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokukhulisa ikhabe yizithombo.
Ungatshala nini imbewu yezithombo
Qala ukulungiselela izithombo maphakathi noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ifakwe imizuzu engu-10- 10 emanzini afudumele, bese isakazeka esitsheni esivele isilungiselelwe nge-flat ngezansi (ugqoko, ipuleti, ugqoko). Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa izitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo. Phansi, beka ungqimba oluncane loboya bekotini - luzovikela imbewu ekushayeni ngaphandle. IGauze enezinhlamvu ibekwa ngaphezulu koboya bekotini ize iqhume. Ngezikhathi ezithile, isitsha simanziswa ngamanzi noma ngesisombululo se-biostimulant (ngokwesibonelo, iZircon).
Imbewu ekhulisiwe
Ukunakekela izithombo
Imbewu ebunjiweyo idluliselwa ku-peat noma amabhodwe noma izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezigcwele inhlabathi yonke. Ungalungisa le ngxube ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga i-turf engadini, i-humus nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-5: 3: 2. 1 ilitha lomlotha osikiwe noma ushoko ochotshoziwe wengezwa ilitha ngalinye lengxube enjalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ethangini, inhlabathi iyanyiswa.
Imbewu ijule ngo-5 cm, enye ebhodweni ngalinye, iphinde iniselwe ngokulinganayo, embozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi ngaphezulu. Izitsha zivezwa endaweni emnyama enamazinga okushisa egumbi. Ukuvimbela ukubola nokubumba, isikhathi nesikhathi ifilimu noma ingilazi iyasuswa, kuvuleke izithombo.
Izithombo ze-watermelon ezindebe zepulasitiki
Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, izithombo zigcinwa endaweni ekhanyayo futhi efudumele, zinikeze ukukhanya okwengeziwe uma kunesidingo. Ukwenza lukhuni izithombo izinsuku eziyi-10, izinga lokushisa elisendlini lehliselwa ku-16 - 18mayelanaC, bese iphinda ikhuphuke ibe ngu-20 - 22mayelanaC.
Kugcotshwa kaningi, kepha kakhulu. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga amabili okuqala, izithombo zinikezwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezithombo (iRostock, Kemira-lux).
Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini
Ilungele ukufakelwa, izithombo ze-watermelon kufanele zifike kubude obu-12-14 cm futhi zibe namaqabunga ayi-4-6 eqiniso. Izinsuku ezingama-8-10 ngaphambi kokudluliselwa endaweni engapheli, izithombo zithathwa ukuze zikhuliswe endaweni ebamba ukushisa (noma ngaphandle), kancane kancane zikhulisa isikhathi sibe ngamahora ayi-6.
I-Hardening ikhabe izithombo ngaphandle
Ngokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini khetha usuku olufudumele, kepha olungashoni. Isitshalo ngasinye sitshalwe emgodini onobubanzi obungama-25-30 cm nobukhulu obukhulu bethangi ngezithombo. Phansi komgodi ngamunye faka isipuni somlotha nedlanzana lomquba, uthele amanzi amaningi afudumele. Izithombo ezikhulele ezimbizeni ze-peat ziyehliselwa emgodini nazo. Ezinkomeni zepulasitiki, izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela kanye nenhlabathi. Isitshalo sijule kumaqabunga e-cotyledon.
Isitshalo esenze amaqabunga ayi-4-6 ayiqiniso singatshalwa singene emhlabathini.
Ukutshala imbewu yekhabe
Indawo okwakhiwa kuyo ama-watermelon kufanele ivikeleke emimoyeni yasenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga, ifudumezwe yilanga futhi ingabi nobunzima bokuqina komswakama emva kwezimvula. Sebethathe indawo efanele izitshalo, ekwindla bayilungiselela ukutshala. Okokuqala, kuqhubukuswa i-peeling (the loosening of the topsoil) kuze kube ngu-12 cm. Inhloso yokhonkolo iwukuqeda izinsalela zokhula kanye nokuguqula imbewu yokhula ebusweni ukuze ivuse ukuhluma kwazo. Ikhasi lizosindisa isiza ezinambuzaneni ezinambuzane ezinomhlabathi. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, ukukhonkotha kwenziwa ngomshini, emibhedeni engadini ungadlula ngehhafu noma ngepitchfork yengadi. Izinsuku eziyi-12-14 ngemuva kokukhonkotha, baqala ukulima isiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-potash, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus ku-1 sq.m - 40 g we-superphosphate, 30 g we-ammonium sulfate no-20 g wamanyolo we-potash. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inhlabathi idedelwa kabili - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu.
Ukutshala imbewu yekhabe emhlabathini ovulekile
Imbewu igcinwa emanzini afudumele ize ikhule. Ukufakelwa okwenziwa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-14mayelanaC. Imithombo ihlelwe ngokuya ngephethini le-140x60 cm. Izihlalo zivundiswa ngesilinganiso se-1 isipuni somlotha no-1 ithisipuni le-nitroammophosphate emthonjeni ngamunye. Imbewu isondele ekujuleni kwama-7-8 cm. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10.
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Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, imithombo iyavundiswa - ifafazwe ngenhlabathi, noma ibeke ifilimu lepulasitiki elinezimbobo ngaphezulu kwemibhede.
I-watermelon yangaphandle ihlumela
Ukuhlangana nefilimu kuzodinga izindleko ezengeziwe nokusebenza, kepha kuzovikela ukutshala ezinambuzaneni nakukhula, kuqinisekise ukufudumala okufanayo kwenhlabathi kanye nokugcinwa kokushisa nomswakama, okuzokhulisa isivuno samakhabe.
Umbhede wewatermelon ufakwe ngendwangu yefilimu
Ukutshala imbewu yekhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Indawo lapho i-watermelon greenhouse ikhethwe khona yilanga, abamba ukushisa akufanele kube semthunzini wezihlahla noma ezakhiweni. Awukwazi ukubeka i-greenhouse emthambekeni osenyakatho wesiza noma ezweni eliphansi. Indawo ye-greenhouse kufanele yomile, icwengeke kahle.
Lungiselela abamba ukushisa ekwindla. Inhlabathi yokutshala inikezwa umquba obolile kanye notshani obunjiwe, obumbiwe bese ushiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Lapho imbewu itshalwa, indawo ebamba ukushisa kuzobe isilungile. Imithombo yembewu ibekwa emibhedeni ebubanzi bemitha ngokuya ngohlelo lwe-100x50 cm, kungaba umugqa owodwa noma iphethini yokuhlola. Umanyolo ufakwa emthonjeni ngamunye, njengokhula emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukutshala amakhabe kumile
Njengoba imivimbo yezitshalo ikhula, ahlanganiswe namawele atholwe gazinga oluhlaza.
Izitshalo zeWatermelon ezitshalwe zilandelana
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ama-watermelons atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni ebamba ukushisa kuyodingeka akhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokushisa, umswakama nokuvikelwa ezenzakalweni zasemkhathini.
Emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze kungadalulwa izitshalo ezikhulele endaweni evulekile kuze kube nezinguquko zokushisa entwasahlobo, kuhlelwa iqembu noma izindawo zokukhosela ezivela kwifilimu noma izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Indawo enjalo inomthelela ekuhlumeni kwembewu futhi ivikele nezitshalo ezinambuzaneni. Indawo yokukhosela yamafilimu isheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo.
Izintambo zentambo, amawele nefilimu - indawo yokukhosela elula kunazo zonke yezindlela ezithuthukisiwe
Ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa lapho kuvela amaqabunga angama-5-6 ezitshalweni. Ukunisela kwesibili kulesikhathi sezimbali. Ngemuva kwalokho amakhabe aniselwa njengoba kudingeka. Yekani ukuchelela kuphela ngaphambi kokuvuna izithelo.
Ukunakekela amakhabe endaweni evulekile kuqukethe ukhula, ukugqoka phezulu, ukutshala. Ukwakha izimpande ezingeziwe, iziswebhu ziphonswa emhlabathini bese zifafazwa ngomhlabathi omanzi. Ukuvinjelwa kokuqedwa kwenziwa, kushiya amaqanda ama-3-4 ekuqhekekeni ngakunye. Lokhu kuyasiza ekongeni amandla ngesitshalo ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwezithelo. Ehlobo elishisayo, ikhabe alidingi ukuphawulwa - lapho ubukhulu besitshalo esiluhlaza, ushukela omningi izithelo uzowuthola.
Endlini eluhlaza
Ngesikhathi sokukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa kwe-watermelon chitha ukukhululwa ngo-2-3. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, amanzi afudumele, ngaphansi kwempande yesitshalo. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, abamba ukushisa kukhanjiswa nsuku zonke. Ukuze kungcoliswe izinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lo greenhouse uhlala uvulekile phakathi nosuku. Zenzele izimbali ekuseni.
Ekhweni ngalinye lokuqhuma, kusala amaqanda ama-2-2. Izithelo ezithola isisindo zibekwa emanetheni ahlala isikhathi eside aboshelwe emishinini yokuluhlaza.
Izithelo zithola isisindo
Ukugqokwa kweWatermelon
Izimo zesimo sezulu zaseBelarus zidinga ukondliwa okuvunyelwe kwamakhabe ezikhula kahle emhlabathini ovulekile nakulo abamba ukushisa. Ngokulungiselela okulungile ngaphambi kokutshala kwenhlabathi yemibhede yamakhabe - ukwethulwa kwenqwaba eluhlaza wezitshalo ezine-herbaceous - amakhabe ngeke adinge ukondliwa. Kwanele ukuphatha inhlabathi nge-Phytosporin ukuqeda amagciwane. Inqwaba yomanyolo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo.
Ithebula: amalungiselelo nemigomo yokwazisa kwabo
| Izidakamizwa | Isikhathi Sesicelo | Inani |
| I-Nutrivant Plus | Isiqalo sezimbali | 2 kg nge-200 amalitha amanzi |
| Calcite | Izimbali | 800 gr nge-100 l lamanzi |
| Ijubane le-Amino Bloom | Izimbali | 200 ml ama-200 l amanzi |
| Boroplus | Ukuqala izithelo | ngokwemiyalo |
| I-Megafol | Ukuqala izithelo | 1 ilitha ama-150 l amanzi |
| I-Uniflor micro | Isithelo esisebenzayo | 2 wezipuni ku-10 l wamanzi |
| I-Terraflex Isiteshi senqola | Isithelo esisebenzayo | 70 gr nge-100 l lamanzi |
| Nitrate calcium | Isithelo esisebenzayo | 80 gr nge-100 l lamanzi |
| Lignohumate potash | Isithelo esisebenzayo | 100 gr ama-300 l amanzi |
Ngaphambi kokondla izitshalo, kunconywa ukuba uzithululele ngamanzi afudumele. Umanyolo wokufaka ukondla ngamanzi abandayo nawo akufanele ube. Ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi kubuye kube uhlobo lokugqoka oluphezulu - ngenxa yokuvula, izinto eziwusizo esitshalweni zisatshalaliswa ngokulingene emhlabathini. Ukondla amakhabe kumiswa lapho izithelo zifinyelela ukuvuthwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-watermelon melon
- Anthracnose. Isifo sokukhunta. Izimpawu: amabala aphuzi onsundu emaqabungeni, izilonda ezimnyama nezinsundu ngokuhlanganiswa okupinki. Ukujikeleza okujwayelekile nokokhelwa kwesitshalo. Izindlela zokulawula: ukwelashwa ngeBordeaux ketshezi, i-benlat ne-cuprosan ngokwemiyalo. Amahlamvu neziqu ezithintekile ziyasuswa.
Iqabunga lesitshalo esinegciwane le-anthracnose
- I-Fusarium Isifo sokukhunta. Izimpawu: ukugcwala, ukubola kwengxenye eyisisekelo, izingxenye eziphansi zemivimbo. Izindlela zokulawula: ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezinesifo, ukubulala amagciwane emhlabathini.
I-Fusarium wilt
- Ukubola okumhlophe. Isifo sokukhunta. Izimpawu: Ukubola okugxile kwezindawo zezitshalo, imivimbo, izimbali nezithelo. Izindlela zokulawula: ukususwa kanye nokubhujiswa kwezingxenye ezibolile zesitshalo, ukuphathwa kwezilonda ngokunameka kwe-potanganum permanganate kanye noshizi, ukwelashwa ngamalahle oluyimpuphu noma ulamula. Ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi.
Ukubola okumhlophe engxenyeni eyisisekelo yesiqu
- Ukubuka i-Olive. Isifo sokukhunta. Izimpawu: Izilonda zomnqumo emiseleni, ekuboneni amabala nasekwakheni kwamaqabunga, ukomisa amaqanda. Izindlela zomzabalazo: ukwelashwa ngeBordeaux ketshezi, i-cuprosan. Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziyasuswa futhi zichithwe.
Izilonda kanye nokuqhekeka eqabungeni lesitshalo elinendawo yomnqumo
- Bacteriosis. Amagciwane abulala amagciwane. Izimpawu: ukubola, izilonda, imifantu egcwele mucus ezithelo zesitshalo.Izindlela zokulawula: amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi (sebenzisa ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo).
Ukubola kwesibeletho okubangelwa yi-bacteriosis
- Umhlonyane. Izimpawu: ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kuvela izimbobo kuzo, izithelo zibola. Izindlela zokulawula: izicupho ngeheyisi kusuka emifino, ukutshala kuma-aisles wesinaphi, ama-legamu. Uma inkathazo ivame kakhulu, izitshalo ziphathwa ngokulungiswa kweThunder-2, Zemlin, Provotox.
I-wireworm nezibungu zayo
- Ama-aphid amnandi. Izimpawu: ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zesitshalo, ikakhulukazi emaqabungeni, amaqoqo amancane, ama-1-2 mm, ama-aphid amnyama ayabonakala. Izimbali namaqabunga ayabuna, asontekile futhi awa. Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwesitshalo kubuthakathaka, kucindezelekile. Izindlela zokulawula: ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngenhlanganisela yothuli lwentuthu nomlotha, kufafazwa ngokufakwa kotshani obilisiwe, isixazululo sensipho.
Isiqeshana sezimbali
- UMose. Isifo segciwane. Izimpawu: amabala amnyama akhanyayo futhi akhanyayo ngamaqabunga, ukuguquguquka kwawo, amashubhu nokuvuvukala ngezithelo. Izindlela zokulawula: ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezinesifo, ukubulala amagciwane emhlabathini.
Izindawo ezinobuntu be-watermelon mosaic
- Isikhala sesicabucabu. Izimpawu: amaqabunga ambozwe amachashazi ansundu, izihloko zezithombo nezimbali ziqiniswe ngemicu emincane, izingxenye ezithintekile ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zomile. Izinambuzane ngokwazo zicashile. Izindlela zokulawula: izidakamizwa i-Actofit, i-Neoron, i-Agravertin, i-Apollo. Ukususa umkhaza, uzodinga inkambo yezinqubo eziyi-3-5.
Isitshalo se-spider mite
- Ama-Thrips. Izimpawu: imivimbo emincane emnyama emnyama emaqabunga. Kulezi zindawo, izicubu zithola umbala wesiliva grey bese ziyafa. Izimbali ziyawa. Izindlela zokulawula: izicupho zeglue, ukumnika i-chamomile, iziqongo zamatamatisi, i-celandine. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa zeVerimek, iKarate, neFitoverm. Ukubhubhisa inkathazo, uzodinga inkambo yokwelashwa kwe-3-4.
Ukunisela ukutheleleka eqabungeni lesitshalo
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ehlobo elishisayo, isikhathi samakhabe okuvuthwa siza ngaphambili, sipholile - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isinkomba esithembekile sokukhula berry - imbewu ithola ubulukhuni nesici sombala salokhu okuhlukahlukene kwekhabe. Izinkomba zangaphandle zokulungela kwe-ikhabe ukuvuna yisiqu esomile, ibala eliphuzi ngasohlangothini lwezithelo. Ikhasi liba isicwebezelayo, liqinise umoya, libe nephethini ehlukile yokuqhathanisa. Uma uqhafaza ekhasini lekholoni, kuzwakala umsindo obuthuntu obonakalayo - izithelo ziye zaba namanzi. Lapho icindezelwa, ikhabe liqhekeka kancane.
Amakhabe ane-ripeness yesimilo
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuvuthwa - amakhabe okugcwala ngokushesha abola. Amajikijolo avuthiwe anqunywa esiqwini ngommese obukhali, ashiye u-5 cm wesithungo. Izandla akufanele zihlulwe - indawo yokukha ingabola. Ukuvunwa kwamakhabe, njengomthetho, kuqala eminyakeni yesibili noma yesithathu ka-Agasti, izithelo zokugcina zisuswa kuze kube yilapho kuneqhwa.
Gcina izithelo eziqoqiwe ekushiseni kwe- + 1-3mayelanaUmswakama we-C nomswakama 80-85%. Izikhathi eziningana ngenyanga, amakhabe abekwe endaweni yokugcina ayahlolwa, abolezwe bese egula asuswe. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, izithelo ziphathwa ngobisi lwe-lime noma ushoko.
Izithelo zibekwa emashalofini anamashalofu abanzi. Amashalofu ambozwe ungqimba lodoti owomile, othambile we-10-15 cm. Ngokuthola utshani bokulala, ukushefa, izinaliti kufanelekile. Ama-watermelons abekwa ungqimba owodwa, ukuze izithelo zingathinti.
Isibonelo sokugcinwa kahle kwamakhabe
Inketho yesibili yokugcina amakhabe ilenga emanetheni enziwe ngezinto zemvelo. Le ndlela igwema izilonda zokucindezela futhi yehlise nengozi yokuthola izifo ze-fetus.
Ngokuya ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina, isivuno se-watermelon sigcinwa isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu.
Njengoba izimo zethu zesimo sezulu zingalungile impela ekukhuleni leli bheri, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala imbewu yethu ihlala ngaphansi kwe-spanbond. Lapho nje kwethulwa ishidi lesithathu noma lesine, siyalikhipha. Futhi amanzi okokuqala ngqa. Lapho kuvela izimbali zokuqala, sinisela kakhulu. Futhi, simane siklebhule izimbali ezingeziwe, khona-ke izithelo zizokhula kakhulu, ziqinisekiswe. Sesineminyaka eminingi sitshala lolu hlobo, kusenza sijabule kuphela. Kuliqiniso, ayimnandi njengoba yamukeleka e-Ukraine. Ngingajabula uma isibuyekezo sami sisebenziseka kothile.
astan kovihc, Belarus, neGomel
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Kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti, ngidla amakhabe nsuku zonke. Wazisola ngomhlaba ongamamitha-skwele ayikhulu, ngokugcina ama-spanbond agcina enyuse izingcezu eziyikhulu. Kakhulu kuncane kusuka ku-kilogremu kuya kwamabili.Ukuphakama kwamakhilogremu amane .. Kepha ukunambitheka yilokho okudingayo.Nokubaluleke kakhulu, zero chemistry, okuyinto ejwayelekile. Ngeluleka wonke umuntu.
USasha
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Ngiphuthuma ukuhlanganyela okuvelile kwami kwembewu yeqabunga le "Crimson elimnandi" lehlukahlukene. Umamncane wami ulethe lezi zinhlwathi kimi namhlanje ntambama, utshala zona kanye okwesithathu engadini yakhe. Ama-watermelons akhula ngobukhulu obuphakathi, umbala we-pulp awukhanyi. Kepha amakhabe amnandi impela. Saphathwa kumakhabe aunt iminyaka emibili, manje sizotshala owethu futhi sizolinda isivuno esihle. Ngabeka laba abahlanu. Ngincoma ukuthenga. Ama-watermelons ngehlobo eledlule e-anti engadini akhule amnandi ngisho nangesimo sezulu seRepublic of Belarus.
I-Tasha19, i-Belarus, iGomel
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Ukutshala amakhabe engadini yaseBelarusian noma emasimini akugcini nje ngokuthakazelisa, kodwa futhi kuwusizo. Ukusika ikhabe elitshalwe izandla zakho esakhelweni sakho, ungaqiniseka ukuthi isivuno sakhula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isazi samakhemikhali esiyingozi kubantu. Ikhabethe elinjalo alilalanga esitolo semifino, alizange lintengantengise ngemuva leloli emigwaqweni engcolile engcoliswe igesi ... Unganambitha ikhabe elinjalo ngokwakho futhi uphathe izingane ngaphandle kokwesaba imiphumela. Ngakho-ke, ngemvelo enobungane, imikhiqizo yasepulazini iyaziswa. Namuhla, ukukhulisa ikhabe le-varietal engadini noma ku-greenhouse kunzima kakhulu kunezikhukhamba noma u-squash. Lesi sivakashi esinezintambo emibhedeni yaseBelarus sathatha indawo yakhe ngokuzethemba, sayeka ukuba yisimanga.
