Uzojabula ngomkhiqizo ovamile we-apula amaphepheni ahlukahlukene

I-apula iyingxenye ebalulekile yezolimo.

Inzuzo enkulu yezihlahla ze-apula Izinhlobo ze-Carpet isivuno esivamile.

Izimfanelo eziphezulu zabathengi bezithelo kanye nesimo somuthi esiyingqayizivele.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe eziqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.

Uhlobo luni?

I-Apple Carpet ebomvu ishoizinhlobo zekwindla. Ubusika obunzima bama-apula buphakeme, kodwa kunzima ukubekezelela isomiso.

Efaniswa ngaphakathi ukumelana nezifo ezifayo.

Ukuphepha kwesithelo kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili emva kokususwa.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezilungile, isikhathi sanda.

Ama-apula kufanele agcinwe ekamelweni elipholile noma esiteshini esikhethekile sokugcina (noma esiqandisini) ku-0 ° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene umoya 90-95%.

Ukulinganiswa ngama-apula wesayizi kungcono kakhulu kufakwa ezitsheni zezingodo (amabhokisi, izitsha noma ama-rack). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ama-apula angakwazi isitolo kuze kube nguNovemba.

Kanti futhi izinhlobo zekwindla zihlanganisa: i-Cinnamon New, i-Kutuzovets, i-Naturalist Young, i-Uspenskoe, i-Uslada, i-Prima, Isipho kubalimi, i-Pepin safrron, i-Freshness, i-Scala, i-Sunny, i-Welsey.

Ukuvota

Lezi zihlukahlukene ze-apula zibhekisela kuwo amehlo angabonakali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impova ivela ngenxa yempova yezimbali ze-apula ezihlukahlukene ezizimele.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba bobabili okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili ensimini etshalwe kude cishe amamitha amahlanu.

I-pollinator ezifanele kunazo zonke ze-Kovrovoye ezihlukahlukene: i-Snowdrop, iSokolovskoye, i-Grounded.

Incazelo ye-grade Carpet

I-apple tree ehlukahlukene I-Kovrovoe ibonakala ngokukhula okuncane kakhulu ngesigqila esivundlile esingenhla kanye nezithelo ezinhle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Finyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha amabili.

Isilinganiso ukuphakama 1.2-1.5 amamitha. Umbala we-bark - brown, ngaphandle kwe-shades eyengeziwe.

Uhlobo lwe-Fruiting luhlanganisiwe.

Amahlumela angaphakathi obukhulu, abomvu.

Ipuleti leqabunga likhulu, li-oblong, umbala ohlaza ohlaza obala.

Kusobala ukuthi, finyelela usayizi omkhulu. Isilinganiso sesisindo se-Apple kusuka ku-170 kuya ku-190 amagremu. Umbala oyinhloko wesithelo uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-coverlip igcwele obomvu.

Isikhumba sithuthukile, sinamafutha. Isiqu akuyisikhathi eside. Inyama yomile, i-cream-colored, i-granular texture. Ukudla elimnandi nelomuncu zendabuko.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-apple Carpet:

Isithombe

Umlando wokuzala

I-Apple ehlukahlukene I-Carpet itholwe kuyo I-Research Institute for Fruit Ukukhula Kwezingxenye Zase-Southern Urals.

Izinhlobo zohlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane Mazunin N.A., Putyatin V.I. futhi Mazunin N.F.

Bred by pollination mahhala ezihlukahlukene. Eliza Ratke.

Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo

Indawo yokukhula kwemvelo ingukuthi Izifunda zase-West Siberian nase-Ural zaseRussia.

Njengoba kufanelekile futhi unakekele kahle, kulula ukuzivumelanisa kwezinye izindawo.

Noma kunjalo, ithatha izimpande ezindaweni ezimile.

Ukuthela

Izithelo ze-apula ziletha ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine.

Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala ijwayelekile, yonyaka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba njalo.

Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nezingozi kanye nezitshalo eziphakeme.

Omunye umuthi we-apula unikeza kuze kube ngu-60 kilogram yezithelo. Izithelo zisusiwe ekuqaleni kuka-September.

Khona-ke udinga ukubeka ama-apula kwisitoreji futhi Ukuvuthwa kwamasonto angu-2-3.

Isikhathi sabathengi siqala maphakathi no-Septhemba bese kuqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaNovemba.

Izinhlobo ze-Apple zinezivuno eziphezulu: Augusta, Antonovka Dessert, Gala, Cinnamon Striped, Papirovka, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, Chudnoe, Yandykovskoye, Lobo.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Kufanele unakekele ukutshala izinhlobo ze-apula. Ekunakekeleni kwesihlahla akuyona into ehlelekile.

Uma kunesidingo, i-apula ingahlwanyelwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kwebusika.

Noma kunjalo, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukukhetha esinye sezikhathi ezimbili:

• entwasahlobo (sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli);
• ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba).

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha isithombo esifanele ngaphambi kokutshala.

Kufanele kube:

• ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile;
• uthenge endaweni lapho kunezimo ezifanayo zezulu;
• osemncane, bese eshintsha ngokushesha emhlabathini endaweni akhulile ngayo.

Inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukulungisa izimbiza zokufika.

Njengoba lokhu kungumuthi omncane, sidinga izimbiza ezincane futhi - 0.7x0.7x0.6m.

Kumele kube khonafuthi ibanga lamamitha amathathu noma amane kusuka komunye nomunye.

Ingqimba engenhla yomhlaba oqoshiwe ixubene nesendlalelo esingaphansi kanti umanyolo olandelayo uqaliswa:

Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yomhlaba ngamanyolo, ushiya ingxenye yesithathu enhlabathini evundile ngaphandle kokufaka umquba emhlabathini. I-Pit yaphuzisa futhi iphinda igcwalise ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile.

Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Izandla ezine ezifiselekayo. Ekugcineni, isihlahla sama-apula siboshwe esigxotsheni sezingodo (kungcono ukusebenzisa umuthi we-linden noma umuthi we-hazel) futhi uphuzisa kakhulu.

Indawo yokutshala yalezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanele ihlelwe kahle, isuke kude namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ezindaweni ezihlanjelwe kahle (pH 5.5-6.5) nasemhlabathini ovundile, uhlobo oluthile lwe-loamy.

Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, konke okudingekayo ukuqothula ukhula oluzungeze umgodi wokutshala kanye nokuchelela njalo.

Ngonyaka wesibili, ukwakheka komqhele kuqala.

Kubalulekile ukusika imiphetho yawo wonke amagatsha kanye namahlumela.

Ngalokhu udinga ukususa izimbali ezingu-80-100%.

Kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwezithelo phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala.

Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kokutshala:

• ukuvikelwa kwesihlahla kusuka kumagundane namahabhu (impahla - isikhumba, lapnik) ngokuhlanganisa umuthi;
• ekwakheni imiphetho kusukela emhlabathini kuya ekuphakameni kwamamentimitha angu-20 ezungeze umgodi wokufika;
• i-mulching ne-humus pristvolnyh imibuthano.

Njalo ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kubalulekile ukuchelela ngezingxube zezinambuzane.

Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kabili:

• ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwamafihlethi emagatsheni;
• ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.

Njengoba umuthi weKovrovoe ungumuthi ongcono kakhulu, ngesikhathi sasebusika sibhekana namagatsha. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukukhulula umuthi we-apula kusukela ezinqabeni zeqhwa ezakhiwe nxazonke.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izihlahla zezithelo zivame ukungena ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zefungal.

I-apple-tree ehlukahlukene I-Kovrovoe ibonakala ngokumelene nezifo ezifanayo ngokulinganayo.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthinta:

• tinder mushroom;
• isikhumba se-powdery;
• isikhumba.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuhlasela tinder mushroom kuyoba nesilonda (i-fungus) emagqabini.

Lithinta kakhulu isiqu se-apula, kodwa kuthinta isithelo ngokungaqondile.

Kudingeka ngezigaba zokuqala ukuqeda le fungus.

Uma i-fungus ishaya kakhulu esihlahleni, yaba nzima kakhulu futhi yafinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu, khona-ke i-fungus izodingeka ibhujiswe nge-ax, bese kuthi izinkuni eziphilile ziyohlupheka.

Uma isilonda sincane, khona-ke singahlanzwa ngobumnene ngommese wensimu.

Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa i-fungus ngezimpande zayo. Uma kungenjalo, emva kwesikhathi esithile, i-mushroom "ihlezi" futhi endaweni efanayo.

Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-fungus, indawo akhula kuyo kumele ikhutshazwe nge-disinfected.

Ukwelapha kufanele kwenziwe nge-sulphate yethusi, emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukudweba endaweni ephathwayo ngopende lweoli.

Uma kungenjalo, i-mushroom ye-tinder izohlala futhi endaweni efanayo.

Idonsa likaMealy ibonakala, njengomthetho, emva kwemvula enamandla futhi ibonakale ngesimo sezimhlophe eziqhakaza emaqabunga e-apula. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka emthini kusuka phansi kuze kube yilapho kuhlaselwa ngokuphelele esihlahleni.

Isici isikhumba - ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amaqabunga omuthi, bese uhambisa isithelo.

Isimbangela salokhu kungabikho umswakama ophezulu noma ukuqhuma umoya ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla.

Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-scab zibukeka ngamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga nasezinsundu ezincane, ekwakheni i-crust, amabala ezithelo.

Lezi zifo nezinye eziningi zingagwenywa kalula ngokubheka eziningi izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ezihlanganisa:

• umlotha wenhlabathi;
• ukwakheka komqhele;
• ukondla nge-potash ne-calcium fertilizer;
• ukondla ngomquba;
• impova ye-sulfur colloidal kanye nama-copper;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokumelene nezifo eziphakeme;
• ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezithintekile.

Uma, noma kunjalo, lesi sifo sihlasela lesi sihlahla, kunezinyathelo zomhlaba wonke ezizosiza ukuqeda cishe noma iyiphi inkathazo:

isisombululo se-urea (ngokwesilinganiso, amalitha angu-7-8 adingekayo ngomuthi ngamunye), i-oxychloride yethusi, okumele isetshenziswe kuqala ngaphambi kokusila, bese kuthi lapho kuvela isithelo sokuqala, ne-Bordeaux liquid, okungasetshenziswa kalula ngethusi le-sulphate.

Iphephethi - uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-apula ngezinzuzo eziningi nezinzuzo.

Ikwaziswa ngezimfanelo zayo eziphezulu zabathengi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okuhle.

Umuthi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa, ngenxa yokubonakala kwawo okuhlukile.

Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokulungisa kahle umuthi we-apula entwasahlobo.