Naphezu kokuthi amabhungane ama-bark ahluke ngobukhulu obukhulu, abangela ukulimala okukhulu emapulazini ensimu, izakhiwo zokhuni nezinkuni. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinguquko ezimweni zezulu ziye zaholela ekuzalweni okukhulu kwalezi zinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhungulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu kunomthelela kulokhu ngaphandle kokuhlanza kahle izihlahla zemithi ewile kanye neziqu ezithwala izidakamizwa. Kule ndaba, wonke umnikazi we-dacha kufanele azi ukuthi yi-beetle ye-bark nokuthi angayibhekana kanjani nayo endlini.
Uyazi? Ama-bark beetle ahlasela izihlahla ezinempilo kuphela uma kukhona eziningi zazo. Uma ngabe izinambuzane zimbalwa, zixazululwe ezihlahleni ezindala, ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo. Izihlahla ze-Coniferous, ikakhulukazi i-pin, ziyaziwa kakhulu ngama-bark beetle. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zihlala kwezinye izinhlobo, kuhlanganise nezithelo. Phakathi nezimo ze-latitude, i-beetle engama-six-toothed bark ijwayelekile kakhulu.
I-beetle ye-bark: yimuphi inkinga ebukeka ngayo
Ama-bark beetles akha iqembu lamabhungane egama elifanayo le-subfamily, incazelo yalo ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-750 kuphela, eziyi-140 ezivamile eYurophu. I-bark beetle ibizwa igama layo ngenxa yokuthi iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zalo liqhuba ukuphila kwazo ngaphansi kwegxolo. Amabhungane amakhulu kunawo wonke afunyanwa ezwekazini laseYurophu afinyelela ubude buka-8 mm, kanti encane kunazo zonke - ayikho ngaphezu kwe-1 mm. Nokho, ezindaweni ezishisayo kunezinhlobo ezifika ku-1.5 cm. 
Ukuze uqaphele izinambuzane ngesikhathi futhi uvimbele ukulahlekelwa kungabangela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha ukuthi ibhungane le-bark libukeka kanjani. Inhloko yezinambuzane iyingcosana, ichazwe kabi, i-concave noma ikhonjiswe ngokuqinile, kuye ngobulili: abesilisa banenwele ebunzini, abesilisa - abathandekayo. Ngaphambili emuva amazinyo ahlelwe ngemigqa engavamile, ekwakheni iqembu lama-tubercles avelayo. Ukuma kwesibindi sekuphephile, ku-quadrangular, kuhlangene.
Ku-elytra ye-beetle iyakhweba noma izilinganiso ezimboza ubuso babo. Abantu abadala banenundu emnyama, ikhanda limnyama, cishe limnyama. I-larva ye-beetle yamagxolo ayinasici, i-yellow-white, efana nesibungu esincane. 
Uyazi? Nakuba i-beetle ye-bark iyinhlobo ephilayo eyingozi yezinambuzane, kukhona nokunye okuzuzwayo ukuthi inambuzane iletha. Ama-bark beetles aphinde avuselele i-cellulose, yingakho abhekwa njengabahlengikazi behlathi.
Ngokuvamile emakhaya nasensimini ungathola izinambuzane ezinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-beetle yasekhaya - enkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ubude buka-12 - 15 mm. Umbala omnyama omnyama, uvela ehlobo, ushiya umgodi ovelayo okhuni. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwalolu hlobo lwe-beetle luyiminyaka ende kunazo zonke - kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-10, okwenza ukuthi ukulwa nalesi sifo kunzima, ngoba i-parasite inesikhathi sokubhubhisa umuthi ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba itholakale.
- I-Beetle Yensimbi - kufika ku-3 mm, inombala omnyama. Abantu abadala bakushiya esihlahleni ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Esikhathini esifudumele singatholakala ezindongeni noma ezifakiwe. Izimbobo ukuthi izidumbu ezidla emthini zinamaphesenti angaba ngu-1.5 mm, ngakho-ke ukuze uhlole i-beetle, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela phansi, ifenisha, amabhodi ebhodi kanye nezinsika. Umjikelezo wokuphila wezinambuzane uneminyaka engu-2-3.
- I-beetle yepowder - kubizwe ngokuthi ngenxa yokukwazi ukugaya izinkuni zibe yi-powder, efana nofulawa. Abantu abadala banombala omnyama, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kunabangaphambili, kufika ku-6 mm. Lezi zibhungane zivela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasehlobo, zivame ukuhamba ngokumnyama. Bakhetha izinkuni eziningi eziqoshiwe, ngakho-ke zingatholakala ezindaweni zokungena. Umjikelezo wokuphila - kuze kufike ku-1 unyaka.
Okuyingqayizivele komjikelezo wokuphila we-beetle ka-bark kunezinambuzane eziyingozi engadini
Indawo yokuhlala ye-beetle ingahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ezinye zazo zakhiwa kuphela ezihlahleni eziphilayo, ezinye zikhetha imithi eqoshiwe. Okunye okunye okuyizinhlobo ezihlukahlukeneko isakhiwo se-labyrinths, esenziwe ngama-parasites esihlahleni. Ngakho-ke, ngohlobo lokuhamba, unganquma ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lwebhungane le-bark elitheleleke. 
Ukuguquka kokuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane kuyafana, kepha inani lezizukulwane kanye nezindawo ezingase zihluke futhi zixhomeke endaweni kanye nezimo zezulu zokuhlala. Isikhathi sokubeka amaqanda ekukhuliseni abantu emabhodleleni yisikhathi eside. Okokuqala, owesifazane ubeka amaqanda - izicucu ezingaba ngu-80 ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kuqhutshwa khona izimbobo zamagxolo. Ngemva kwamasonto angu-4-5, izibungu zivela, ezidla ngokushesha izinkuni.
I-larva ye-beetle yamagxolo ihamba emthini cishe iminyaka engu-3-4, ibhubhise kuze kube ngu-15-20 cm emthini lapho ihlala khona. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-larva igubha isikhumba esiseduze naphezulu kwezingodo, lapho iphenduka khona i-pupa. Emva kwamanye amaviki angu-7-8, inambuzane encane ishiya umuthi iphinde ifune le mibhangqwana. Ngemuva kokulinganisa, umjikelezo wokuphila uphindwa.
Umsebenzi wezinyanga kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zamabhungane ahlukile: emaphakathini aphakathi kokubili kwezinhlobo zentwasahlobo kanye nalabo abangakwazi ukuhamba yonke ihlobo. Umsebenzi wansuku zonke kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona kuleli zwekazi laseYurophu kuyafana - ziyaphuma lapho ilanga lishona. 
Lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukulimaza okungenakuqhathaniswa hhayi kuphela kwezihlahla ezindala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezikhona, kodwa futhi nokubhubhisa abasha. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyona yonke into yebhungane le-bark eliyingozi. Izinhlobo ezinjengezithelo namapayipi anamanzi angabhubhisa izithelo nezithelo zamatshe zetshe, okwenza kube nomonakalo kuyo yonke ingadi.
Izinambuzane engadini zivame ukubangela izinambuzane ukuba zihlasele, ngakho-ke udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-earwig, i-apple yezithelo, ama-slugs, weevil, amagundane, ama-aphid, ama-shrews, nama-wireworms.
Lezi zinyanezi ziyingozi kakhulu ezindlini zamapulangwe, izindlu zokungena, kanye nezinhlaka zokhuni nezinye izingxenye zezakhiwo. Umonakalo abakwazi ukuwukhipha ufaniswa ngokulingana nomonakalo ovela emlilweni.
Izimpawu ze-beetle yamagxolo ensimini, ukuthi ungabona kanjani inkathazo
Ingozi eyinhloko engadini yilezi zithelo zebhungane ne-wrinkled, ebeka phezu kwe-apula, cherry, iplamu ejulile enkuni, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulwa nayo. Lezi zinambuzane kanye nezibungu zazo zigwaza ngokusebenzisa i-maze yezingxenye, okuholela ekufeni kwezihlahla. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zikhetha ikakhulu izihlahla ezigulayo, ezindala nezibuthakathaka, ezingavamile ukuhlasela izitshalo ezinempilo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane eziphumelelayo ukuzithola ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Izimpawu zokuphila kwezinambuzane kulula ukuphawula:
- Ukubukeka njalo kwezihlahla zemithi emithini kuyisibonakaliso se-bark beetle;
- izimbobo ezincane emagqumeni zibonakaliso ezicacile, okubonisi nje ukuthi umuthi uthinteka yi-beetle yamagxolo, kodwa futhi ukuthi izibungu seziye zakwazi ukuyiyeka futhi ukutheleleka kungase kube yindlala;
- amaqabunga noma izinaliti ziyaqhuma;
Kukhona futhi izimpawu eziningana eziphazamisayo ezibonisa ukuthi umuthi lapho i-beetle ihlala khona, ayikwazi ukusindiswa futhi kufanele ibhujiswe ngokushesha:- ngaphansi komgqomo kubonakala uthuli oluhle, olufana nendawo yezikhofi ezomile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi utheleleke ngenani elikhulu lama-parasites;
- uma igxolo lifa esihlahleni somuthi bese liwa, khona-ke umuthi ushonele, ngisho noma kusekhona amagatsha aphilayo kuso.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-beetle yamagxolo ezweni, iseluleko esihle kakhulu
Inkinga enkulu yokulwa ngokuphumelelayo ne-bark isithombo sebhitrudi emithini iwukuthi ichitha cishe yonke imjikelezo yayo yokuphila ejulile ehlathini, okusho ukuthi izinyathelo zokulawula amakhemikhali azihlinzeki ngamaphesenti ayikhulu: kunzima ukulungiswa ukungena ngaphakathi emthini.
Kodwa namanje ungakwazi ukulwa nesishayo esinjengobhungane be-bark, futhi kufanele uyenze ngokushesha, ngokushesha nje lapho kukhona izinsolo mayelana nokuba khona kwayo ensimini noma ezakhiweni zokhuni.
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuhlola izinga lokulimala esihlahleni. Lapho udweba izingcezu zamagxolo ezindaweni ezinemigodi, ubuthakathaka jikelele futhi bukhula, ngeke ukwazi ukulondolozwa. Kulokhu, isitshalo esithintekile sinqunywa futhi sishiswa. Uma kungabikho izimbobo ezincane ezimbili noma ezintathu ezikhonjisiwe esihlahleni, futhi umuthi wonke ubukeka unempilo, amagxolo awayeki emuva, uma uzama ukuwuhlaba ngommese, ungayilondoloza.
Ngaphambi kokulwa nenambuzane, kudingeka ulungiselele umsebenzi: sigqoke imishini yokuzivikela futhi usebenzise ibhulashini enamandla ukususa ukungcola emthini ukuze izinambuzane zenze ngokuphumelelayo. 
Amalungiselelo ajojowe nge-syringe emivinjeni eyenziwe amabhungane. Izinqubo ezifana ne-Antizhuk, Anti-Shashelin, i-Confidor, i-Calypso noMbuso-20 ziye zafakazela ukusebenza kwazo. Isisombululo sezidakamizwa sitholwa emigodini kabili kuya kwesine, njengoba sithathwa, emva kwalokho amavesi ahlanganiswe ne-pitch ingadi.
Phakathi kwezindlela zokuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukulwa nezinambuzane kukhona izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo ezisekelwe kuma-nematodes. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kahle kakhulu ukwelashwa kwendabuko nama-insecticide, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uyisebenzise ngokuzimela ngomonakalo omncane esihlahleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-tar noma i-parafini, isixazululo esibamba izimbobo ezihlahleni. Ukwelashwa ngalelixazululo kungenziwa njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela entwasahlobo, ngokushesha emva kokusabalalisa. Ukupompa kwamagatsha, iziqu kanye nemikhosi kwenziwa ngokuphindwe kabili ngesonto elilodwa. 
Ama-insecticide ayindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa ne-bark beetle, njengoba ebhubhisa izinkukhu ezihlangana nomzimba ophathwayo noma omunye nomunye uma okungenani umuntu oyedwa ehlangana nezinkuni eziphathwe. Laba bantu abadala, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela izimpungushe ngenxa yokujula kwendawo yabo. Lapho i-larva iphendukela ibe yi-beetle futhi ingena endaweni ephathwayo, iyofa ngokushesha, ingabi nesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda amasha. Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukubhubhisa yonke inambuzane yezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Isinyathelo sokuvimbela, indlela yokuvikela ingadi kusuka ezinambuzane
Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwe-beetle yamagxolo kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulwa nale nkathazo ensimini. Cabanga ngezinyathelo zokuzivikela eziphumelela kakhulu ezingasindisa isimu nezakhiwo zokhuni ezivela esidingo sokubhujiswa:
- ukusika izihlahla ezinomile kanye nezifo emithini. Lokhu ngeke kuvumele izinambuzane zisakaze.
- udoti waminyaka yonke nge-lime;
- ukwelashwa nge-phosphorus kanye nama-organic preparations ngesikhathi sokuqothula okusebenzayo kwezimpungushe ze-beetle kanye nokuvela kwamabhungane kusukela emagqumeni, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukulwa nezinye izibungu;
- Lapho ukwelapha izihlahla ngamakhemikhali, kufanele wengeze insipho egayiwe esixazululweni. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi umuthi ube ngcono "ukunamathela" ku-cortex. Ukwelashwa kuphindaphindiwe emva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu;
- ukudalwa kwezintambo okuthiwa izicupho zebhungane. Ezikhathini zasehlobo, izihlahla ezishaywa phansi ezihlahleni zemifino zifakwe kuyo yonke indawo yesayithi. Izinsikazi zezinambuzane zingase zikhethe kangcono lezi "izicupho" zokubeka amaqanda. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lezi zicucu zemithi ziyashiswa;
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezinenzuzo nezinyoni ezidla i-beetle ukuze zidale izimo engadini ukuze zikhishwe. Isibonelo, umuthi omnyama we-woodpecker ungumbulali ophumelelayo wama-bark beetle;
- yenza ukucubungula okuvamile kwesiqu kanye namagatsha aminyene enhlanganisela yobumba nama-humus noma umgquba oqukethe i-hydrated lime.
