Ezihlukahlukene Universal for abalimi Central Central - Pear "Dessert Rossoshanskaya"

Nakuba umuthi we-pear uhlala endaweni yesithathu ngemuva kwezihlahla ze-apula ne-cherry, kubonakala khona njengesivakashi sase-overseas: sinobuhle obukhulu besomiso, esibucayi nesomiso kanye nesithwathwa, esingenakuzivikela ngokumelene nama-parasites e-fungal.

Ngokusho kobufakazi bemibhalo yombhalo we-Hellas yasendulo nezindlela zokwelapha zaseSumerian, lesi sitshalo sesaziwa isintu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kodwa iphuzu eliphakeme lepeyari laliyikhulu le-18, lapho abantu beqala ukucabanga ngokulima nokulumbana kwaleli rose.

Izici zokukhethwa kukhetho

Ukukhethwa kwabantu, ngokungafani nomuthi we-apula, ukuhlolisisa amehlo abo, futhi kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• ukutholakala kwezinhlobo zemvelo zasendle, ezisetshenziswe ngempumelelo emithi futhi zidliwe;
• i-thermophilicity yesitshalo, esinqunyelwe u-60 ° enyakatho ye-latitude;
• ukuhlukanisa i-pear njengesitshalo esingenamandla ukumelana ne-frost kanye nesikhumba esithintekile;
• ukunqunywa ukunambitheka kwezithelo, ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwabo okungaphelele ngaphansi kwezimo zehlobo elipholile laseRussia kanye nokuba khona kwamaseli e-stony epulp, okubonakala ngokubonakalayo emaphethini angavuthiwe;
• umzamo wokuhlakulela izinhlobo eziningizimu zaseYurophu ezindizeni ezifuywayo.

Iphakathi kwezizwa zihle eCrimea, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeSifunda seNkatha Yomhlaba Omkhulu, eNyakatho Caucasus. Imizamo yabalimi besizwe baseCentral Russia yayihlose kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukunambitheka kwesithelo, hhayi ekugxiliseni izici zezitshalo ezikhushulayo ezikhuthaza ukuhlala ezimweni ezinzima.

Esikhathini seCentral Chernozem, izinhlobo ezinjalo eziphakathi kwamapheya zinhle kakhulu: iGera, iKathhedral, Krasnobakaya, Krasulya naseLada.

Ukusesha izindlela zokwakha ubusika-izinhlobo ezinzima zama-pears ezweni lethu laqala u-I.V. Michurin ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekugcineni baphumelela bazama ukusebenzisa njenge-pearl Ussuri zasendle, abanayo Isamba esikhulu seqhwa ukumelana (kuya ku-30 ​​° C).

Endaweni ngayinye yesimo sezulu, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi nezikhungo ezikhulayo izithelo zakhiwe ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezithembisayo. Ngo-1937, omunye wabo wayeyisithelo esiqinile nesibhakabhaka, esakhiwe endaweni engasemuva yomlimi wase Voronezh u-Ulyanischev.

Lapha, ngemva kwempi, isiteshi sesifunda saseRossoshanskaya sakhiwe (ngegama lesifunda), lapho kuzalwa khona uhlobo olusha lwepeyari, iRossoshanskaya Dessert.

Wavunyelwa ukuba ahlolwe ngo-1952, futhi ngo-1975 wafakwa kwiRejista kaHulumeni futhi wathola ithikithi lokusabalalisa emasimini asezimboni. Belgorod, Voronezh, esifundeni saseKursk nasesifundazweni saseNorth Caucasus.

Igama lezinhlobonhlobo kubonisa injongo eyinhloko yesithelo - ukuthola amapheya amnandi amnandi ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha njenge-dessert.

Yiluhlobo luni lokwakhe

Uma lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zazibekwe njenge-dessert, bese-ke eVoronezh, kwakhiwa amafomu amasha afaneleka ekutshaleni izimboni:

• ephansi noma ephakathi;
• amazinga ashukela aphezulu ezithelo;
• isithelo;
• kufanelekile ukugcina isikhathi eside nokuhamba.

Njengoba izimpande zendawo yonke ukuthola izinhlobo zensimu ezintsha ezisetshenzisiwe ezifakwe emaphandleni ezijwayelekile zendawo ngayinye, ngomlando omude wokukhula:

• Ipheya laseRashiya nezinye izinhlobo zazo ezingu-3 (eRussia Ephakathi);
• Ipeau yaseCaucasia namafomu angu-24 (iziqhingi zaseCaucasus);
• Ussuri pear (EMpumalanga Ekude);
• i-pear eliphakathi kwe-Asia Ephakathi.

Ukubala isikhathi sokudla for hybrid ngamunye, thola okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu esifundeni esithile, esekelwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa:

• izinhlobo zehlobo - Ukuvuthwa kuqediwe ekupheleni kukaJulayi; Ukuphila okusha kwethala lezithelo ezinjalo kufinyelelwe ezinsukwini eziyi-10;
• izinhlobo zekwindla - Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaSeptemba; Ukugcinwa kwezithelo ezintsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kungenzeka kuphela ekamelweni eliqandisayo okungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili;
• izinhlobo zasebusika - Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba; Amapheya ekugcineni afika ekuvuthweni kwabathengi; zingagcinwa esiqandisini kuze kuFebhuwari.

Isisekelo sofuzo

Ukwakhiwa kwefomu elisha lomkhiqizo wezithelo kuhilela inoculation yezinhlobonhlobo ezithembisayo zabamthengi emthonjeni okwenziwe endaweni.

Ngokuba "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" izinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi izinhlobo pear ezifana:

• "I-Bech (ebusika) Michurin" - ezihlukahlukene zasebusikawadala ngesisekelo se-Ussuri stock esasendle, okwenza kube nzima ukushisa ubusika; izithelo zinamanzi amancane, ane-10% wokuqukethwe ushukela, i-tart kancane; ngesikhathi izithelo zokugcina zivuthiwe; inzuzo enkulu ukukhwabanisa isikhumba, isivuno esihle, ukufaneleka kwesitoreji sesikhathi eside; izinhlobonhlobo ziye zaba ngumzali wezinye izinhlobo ezintsha ezingu-50;
• "Forest Forest" - ehlukahlukene ekwindla enekhulu leminyaka evela eBelgium; ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo ezinomzimba omncane; ukugcina amandla - amasonto amathathu; i-fruiting ayizinzile, kodwa iphezulu; ubusika obuqinile kanye nokulwa nesomiso; amaqembu womzali wezinye izinhlobo ezingu-30; engozini ekukhoneni.

Uma unesithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo zemithi, qaphela izinhlobonhlobo zikaNick, iLimonka, iVictoria, i-Kupava, iCosmic.

Ngokwezici zomzali womzali, kungaphetha ngokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezithathwe kuzoba nalokho okwenzekile:

• high ukumelana frost;
• ukunambitheka okumnandi;
• izinga elihle lomkhiqizo;
• ukunemba kwezithombo;
• isivuno esikhulu;
• ukuphikisa isikhumba;
• ukuchithwa kokubunjwa komhlabathi;
• ukufaneleka ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi wokuzalanisa.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba zingabuye zihlukaniswe neChizhovskaya, Yakovlevskaya, Nursery, Fairy Tale nesihloko.

Ububi befomu elixhasayo lubandakanya ifa elivela "e-Forest Beauty", ukuzithelela futhi ukuvota impova yangaphandle.

Okuthakazelisayo: Ukuze uthole ama-hybrid anezimfanelo ezinikeziwe, kungenzeka ukuthi u-inoculate i-pear hhayi kuphela esitokisini sesihlobo esikhulayo, kepha naku-apula, irgu, quince. Kulesi simo, kuyokwenzeka ukuba wakhe ipeyari njenge-palmette.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Dessert Rossoshanskaya"

1. Isihlahla amandla okukhula aphakathi nendawo amakhulu (10-15 m) nomqhele we-pyramidal. Ukunciphisa umqhele kubonisa ukucaca kwesitshalo ekubunjweni okubuthakathaka kwamahlumela amasha.
2. I-trunk namagatsha ama-squelet are gray and brown-brown in umbala.
3. Amahlumela amancane amapheya ayabonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu nombala obomvu okhanyayo.
4. I-Fruiting graft ifika ngomnyaka wesi-5.
5. Izinso zezinhlobo ezimbili: i-vegetative nokukhiqiza. Ihlukile ngobukhulu nokuma.
6. Izimbali zizenzekelayo, ziqoqwe nge-inflorescences kuma-pedicels aphakathi nendawo, ngamagundane amhlophe (terry), futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhlelwa kwe-pink.

   Ekukhethweni kwamapillinator, ngokuvamile, kuqondiswa isikhathi esijwayelekile sesigaba sokuqhakaza.

   Ukufana okunjalo kubonakala ezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "Marble", "Autumn Yakovlev" no "Tatyana".

Kubalulekile: Enye yalezi zihlahla kufanele kube khona ensimini eduze kwezihlobo ezichazwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube khona ukuvuna, noma izithelo ezingavamile ezibonakalayo zizobe zingakhiwe futhi zibe nezinhlobo ezingalungile.

7. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi nesimo se-pear ezibuthakathaka - okuningi njenge-apula. Isikhumba sincane, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, okuphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinamabala ahlanzekile nezinshukela.

   Inyama enhle, enamanzi, ene-flavour eliphakathi kwe-pear. Ikhwalithi yokunambitheka ithonywe ngokungabaluleki kobukhulu bama cell stony.

   Umbala wezimapheya zokusika unomhlophe-ukhilimu, umgogodla unenhlamvu evaliwe yembewu kanye nembewu ensundu. Ukuhlolwa kokunambitheka esikalini sokunambitha - amaphuzu angu-5.

Okuthakazelisayo: I-pear ihlale ibonakala ibumnandi kune-apula. Lokhu akusiyo ukuthi i-pulp yayo iqukethe ushukela owengeziwe, kodwa ngoba cishe ayinayo i-acids ku-pear, noma ikhona ngamanani amancane.



8. Iphakathi kwe "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" elibhekwa isivuno esikhulu (kufika ku-70 kg umuthi ngamunye). Izitshalo ezilinganiselwe ngehektare ngalinye lezitshalo zezimboni eminyakeni engama-120-300 kg.
9. Ukuvuthwa kwesithelo kwenzeka ngesikhathi izinhlobo zekwindla. Ukuvuthwa komthengi kuza emva kokuvuna.

Izinhlobo ze-Autumn nazo zihlanganisa: Svetlyanka, Perun, Samara Beauty, Bere Bosk noLarinskaya.

10. Izithelo zinezicelo zomhlaba jikelele futhi zibhekwa yizo izimfanelo eziphezulu zezimpahla, ezifanele ukugcina nokuhamba kwebanga elide.
11. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akukho ama-scab, i-rarity enkulu - ukutheleleka septoria.
12. Ubusika obunzima bezinhlanzi njengoba behamba ezindaweni ezenyakatho bashintsha (ephakeme kuya ephakathi). Kungenzeka ukuqinisa umphumela we-hardiness wobusika wezinhlobonhlobo ngokuhlanganisa ama-pears angaphezu kwamagqabhagqabha emithini.

Ubunzima bebusika obuhle buhlukile: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Lel, Chudesnitsa naseChizhovskaya.

Isithombe

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo futhi ubone amapheya "iDessert Rossoshanskaya" ingaba esithombeni esingezansi:

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo

Abekho abachwepheshe abakhulu bezithelo eziphakathi kwezithelo emhlabeni kunesiFulentshi. Esikhathini sokudla kwazo kazwelonke kukhona izitsha eziningi ezilula futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kulezi zithelo. Indlela yokudla ngayo ngenzuzo enkulu nenjabulo - bayazi kangcono kunabo bonke, futhi. Nazi izincomo, ngokubona kwazo, kufanele zilandelwe:

• Izithelo ezinomsoco namnandi ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ze-dessert ziyadliwa fresh (izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimboni ngendlela yazo eluhlaza zingabangela ukuhlushwa, kungcono ukubhaka);
• i-peyard pear ayihlungi, njengoba isikhumba sinesibindi esikhulu;
• Amapheya awadli ngokushesha emva kokudla noma ngesisu esingenalutho: imithetho ifuna ukulinda imizuzu engama-30-40 phakathi kokudla;
• Umthamo owusizo wezithelo eziphakathi kwe - izingcezu ezimbili ngesinyathelo esisodwa, noma i-pear + i-apula elilodwa, noma i-pear + engu-3;
• njengezinye izithelo ezithandekayo, amapheya akufanele ahlanzwe ngeziphuzo ze-carbonated noma ngokushesha ashintshe izitsha ezicebile inyama;
• Amapheya kumele ashiywe abantu abane-gastritis noma i-peptic ulcer isifo, kanye nalabo abahlukunyezwayo;
• Amaphilisi aphansi ayenzela izithelo ezithandwayo ze-dieters; Kusebenza kahle ukwenza "ikhasi" lokuzila ukudla lapho 1-2 kg yamapheya adliwa ngamanani amathathu;
• abantu abangaphezu kuka-40 bayothola isisindo sevithamini salezi zithelo kanye ne-folic acid equkethe;
• Umphumela wokuvuselela we-pears we-pears uqala ngokubona ukunambitheka kwawo, yingakho kuphakanyiswa ukuba udle amapheya asekhulile esifundeni sakho, hhayi umkhiqizo ongenisiwe (ocubungulwa nama-preservatives okuthutha ibanga elide).

Amathiphu ongabamba

1. Iphakathi ayithandi ukudluliswaNgakho-ke, kudingeka adalule ngokushesha indawo enhle kakhulu futhi evikelekile ensimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kutshalwa ukuthi umqhele womuthi ukwanda ngo-30-40 cm ngaphezu konyaka.
2. Ukuvikela kusuka entwasahlobo i-thawed iqhwa, isitshalo kufanele itshalwe emgodini owenziwe ngokuhlakaniphangokuphakamisa ngaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile lokufika.
3. Ukunakekela izinhlobonhlobo "iDessert Rossoshshanskaya" akufani nezezidingo ze-agrotechnology yezihlahla eziphakathi kwezinto zaseRashiya ezikhethiwe: ukusika izihlahla, ukuchelela, ukufaka umquba, ukupompela okuvimbelayo.
4. Ungalindeli ukusabalalisa lezi zihlukahlukene ngembewu: konke kuzodingeka kutshalwe ngokushesha futhi kamuva. Kungcono ukuthatha ngokushesha isitoreji esinamandla nge-heredity enhle bese uqhuba i-poll (iso inoculation).
5. Umqhele we-pear tree unikeza umthunzi omuhle, ngakho-ke kuhle ukutshala endaweni yokuzijabulisa: ngenhla ebhentshini noma gazebo.