Amagilebhisi - isiko lakudala kakhulu elitshalwe ngumuntu. Iziqu zamagilebhisi zisashiwo eTestamenteni Elidala. Futhi izithelo zomvini ezivuthiwe zabangela ukungqubuzana phakathi kukaNowa namadodana akhe. Namuhla, ngenxa yemizamo yososayensi, abafuyi bezithelo, amagilebhisi asuka esimweni sezulu esifudumele saseMedithera aya ezindaweni ezipholile, kubandakanya izindawo eziphakathi nendawo ezisenyakatho nezwe lethu. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zalesi siko ziyamangalisa: esikhathini sethu kukhona abacishe babe ngama-4300. Futhi namhlanje sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo Zasekuqaleni ezithandwayo eRussia.
Umlando wokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi izinhlobo zoqobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zavunzwa e-Ukraine esikhungweni seViticulture neWinemaking. V.E. Tairova ngonyaka we-1987. Yaqala ukufakwa Embhalweni Wezwe Wokuzala Kwempumelelo Yezwe LaseRussia Lesifunda SaseNyakatho Caucasus ngonyaka we-2009. Okwangempela kutholwe ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene zeDatier de Saint-Valle neDamasko rose, futhi wakwazi ukuthola kuphela izimfanelo ezinhle "zabazali" bakhe. Kusuka eDatier de Saint-Valle, isithwathwa sasekuqaleni esikuzuze njengelifa nokulwa nezifo, futhi iDamaseku rose lakunika ukwakheka okuhle kwama berry nokunambitheka okuhle.
Izici zeBanga
Okwangempela kwaqanjwa igama laso kumajikijolo, okuthi, ngenxa yesimo esidlulile se-ovoid, abukeka impela ayinqayizivele kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo, amagilebhisi anamathela ngokuhlangana ngamaqoqo ahlukene, kufana ne-hedgehog. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezinezithelo - isisindo samajikijolo sifinyelela ku-6-7 g. Isixha sikhula sibe ngosayizi omkhulu futhi sinesisindo esingu-500-600 g, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle isisindo saso singaba ngu-1 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Izithelo ezinombala opinki ziqukethe imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili. I-pulp inoshukela, inomqondo olula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukunambitheka okuvumelanayo.
Amaqabunga e-Original makhulu, ama-pubescent ku-underside, aphakathi nendawo. Umvini unamandla.
Okwangempela ukuhluka kwetafula okunokukhiqizwa kwezithelo okuyi-1,1-1.7. Izinga le-mizizi ye-cutways lilinganiswa. Isikhathi sokukhula sithatha izinsuku ezingama-135 kuya ku-135, ngakho-ke aqala ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma - ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngaphezulu - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ukuhamba kwezinto ezinhlobonhlobo kuvamisile ngenxa yokunamathiselwa okuthe xaxa kwamajikijolo kuneziqu.
Isihlahla singamelana neqhwa kuya ku-21 ° C futhi sidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
Ucwaningo lwembula ezinhlotsheni Original ukumelana okuphakathi kwezifo: isikhutha, i-oidium, ukubola.
Ukuze kuvuthwe amajikijolo ngamaqoqo akufane, kunconywa ukususa ingxenye yamaqabunga ngesikhathi sasehlobo, okuzovumela izakhamzimba zigxile kumagilebhisi.
Igalari Yezithombe: Ukubukeka Kwamagilebhisi Wangempela
- Isisindo seqembu elilodwa lamagilebhisi. Okwangempela kuvame ukudlula 1 kg.
- Amagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zoqobo, adwetshwe ngombala wepinki okhanyayo, angaba yisisindo esingu-7 g
- Amagilebhisi okuqala avunwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba
Ukutshala amagilebhisi Kwangempela
Akufanele ulinde isivuno esicebile, uma ekuqaleni wenza iphutha lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala. Lapho uthenga izithombo zamagilebhisi, okokuqala kufanele unake uhlelo lwezimpande - kufanele luthuthukiswe kahle. Bheka kahle, isithombo kufanele okungenani sibe nezimpande ezintathu eziqinile, futhi “nentshebe” yezimpande ezincane kufanele kube lula futhi kube mnene. Qiniseka ukuthi ucela umthengisi ukuthi asike umgogodla owodwa. Ukusikwa kufanele kube okugqamile futhi okuswakeme. Lokhu kuyinkomba yokuthi lesi yisithombo siyaphila futhi sikulungele ukuhambisa engadini yakho. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukutshala imali kwisithombo ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Amagilebhisi ayisitshalo se-thermophilic, ngakho-ke ekutshaleni kwayo, khetha indawo evulekile eduze kwezihlahla noma izihlahla ezincane. Bazovikela izitshalo emimoyeni ebandayo.
Asincomi ukuthi kutshalwe ezinye izilimo esivinini. Ukusondela kwamagilebhisi obhontshisi noma utamatisi kuzovimba kuphela lesi sitshalo ekukhuleni.
Izithombo zamagilebhisi zitshalwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kobisi, noma ekwindla - ngaphambi kokuqala kwesiqalo sokuqala. Kuyadingeka ukumba izimbobo ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwengama-40 cm, ukujula - ekhasini lefosholo. Inhlabathi ephuma emgodini kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-humus ebolile nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1.
Kuzoba wusizo ukufaka izimpande zamagilebhisi ngaphambi kokutshala kunoma yisiphi isikhulisi sokukhula (ngokwesibonelo, kuKornevin) ngaphambi kokutshala. Ama-hormone aqukethe kulungiselelo ashukumisa ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande, okuzonyusa izinga lokusinda kwesithombo.
Manje yisikhathi sokuba uqhubeke ngokufika.
- Ukusuka kwinhlanganisela yenhlabathi elungiselelwe phansi yomgodi sakha indunduma.
- Sifaka isithombo kulendunduma. Siqondisa izimpande ngokucophelela "emagqumeni".
Lapho utshala amagilebhisi, udinga ukuqondisa kahle izimpande
- Sigcwalisa uhhafu womgodi ngomhlaba. Thinta inhlabathi ngonyawo lwakho bese uchitha ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi. Manje izinhlayiya zomhlaba zomhlaba ezincane kakhulu zizimboza ngokweqile izimpande zezithelo zomvini futhi zizokwazi ukudlulisela kahle umswakama kuzo.
- Sifaka isikhonkwane lapho umvini wethu uzoncipha khona ngokuzayo.
- Sigcwalisa imbobo ngomhlabathi osele ukuze ingaphezulu lesithombo lihlwanyelwe inhlabathi ngo-5-6 cm.
Kuqakathekile ukuthi lapho ukutshala izimpande zesithombo azigoqi. Uma uhlelo lwezimpande lude kakhulu, kungcono ukuyifushanisa kancane nesikhafu.
Ividiyo: Ukutshala okufanele kwezithombo zomvini endaweni evulekile
Ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi okuqala
Okwangempela kulula ukukhulisa futhi akudingi zinyathelo ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa.
Ukuchelela njalo amagilebhisi akudingeki: kuniselwa kanye ngesonto ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 amanzi (ibhakede elilodwa) esihlahleni ngasinye.
Kuzoba wusizo ukwenza inqubo yokutshala izilimo. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, amahlumela amathathu kuya amane azokwakheka emvinini osemncane. Yinye kuphela yazo okufanele ishiywe, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizosebenzisa wonke amandla ngqo ekukhuleni kwaso.
Lapho uthathwa, shiya ihlumela elilodwa lomvini omncane
Izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sonyaka kuyadingeka ukondla amagilebhisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba umgodi ongashonile (amasentimitha angama-40) uzungeze isitshalo endaweni eyi-0,5 m ukusuka kusiqu. Lesi silinganiso sizonikeza ukulethwa okuhle kokugqoka okuphezulu ezimpandeni. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqokwa okuningana okuphezulu kuyenziwa:
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokususa indawo yokuhlala yasebusika. I-20 g ye-superphosphate, i-10 g ye-ammonium nitrate ne-5 g kasawoti we-potassium iyoncibilika ku-10 l wamanzi (lokhu kuyingxenye yesihlahla esisodwa);
- amagilebhisi ahlanganiswe nokwakhiwa okufanayo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
- ngesikhathi sokuzala, bondliwa ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kukasawoti we-potassium;
- emva kokuvunwa, kunalokho, umanyolo we-potash kufanele usetshenziselwe ukusiza isitshalo ukuba siphile ebusika.
Kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi njalo, futhi, ungakhohlwa ukhula lokhula kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo.
Uhlelo lwezimpande zamagilebhisi aluzukubekezelela amaqabunga ebusika, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwezimpande ezithile ezingxenyeni zomhlaba zenhlabathi.
Ingaphezulu lesistimu yezimpande yamagilebhisi iyazwela isithwathwa.
Ukugwema lokhu, kunconywa ukwenza inqubo elandelayo ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti:
- Ekuseni, ngokuzungeza amagilebhisi bamba umgodi ongashonile ongu-20 cm.
- Susa ngokucophelela zonke izimpande nge-pruner noma ummese wensimu eduze kwesibhamu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi umbozwe umhlaba futhi uchithekile kahle.
Izifo nezindlela zokwelashwa kwabo
Okunhlobonhlobo koqobo kunokuphikisana okujwayelekile ezifweni eziningi zamagilebhisi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi okuvame kakhulu futhi ukwazi ukubhekana nazo.
Ithebula: Izifo ezivame kakhulu zomvini woqobo
| Lesi sifo | Pathogen | Izimpawu zangaphandle |
| Downy isikhutha | Mushroom wehlobo lwePeronospora | Isifo samagilebhisi esivame kakhulu. Amaqabunga ambozwe amabala aphuzi kanye nebala elimhlophe, elifana ne-hyphae. Izindawo ezithintekile zifa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele. Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele, kepha imiphumela yaso elimazayo ivinjelwe yimithi ekhethekile |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Mushroom womndeni Peronosporaceae | Ngalesi sifo, amaqabunga amagilebhisi ambozwe ngopende ompunga, isikhumba sezithelo zomvini siba mncanyana, bese singafanele ukudliwa. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu uma kunezimo ezivumayo zama-pathogenic microorganisms: umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okungaba ngu-25 ° C. Uma ungathathi zinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sifo ngesikhathi, lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ushiye ngaphandle kwesitshalo, futhi eminyakeni embalwa, kungakuhle ukuthi usivume esivinini |
| I-Alternariosis | Amakhowe of the genus Alternaria | Uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo ukungabikhona kwamaqabunga e- “corrosion” ekhanyayo onsomi, eveza amahlamvu endaweni ebheke emaphethelweni iye emithanjeni ephakathi. Lesi sifo sithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. I-Wet, intwasahlobo evikelekile inomthelela ekusakazweni kwe-alternariosis |
| Umdlavuza wegciwane | Amagciwane we-Agrobacterium | Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko ama-neoplasms kumahlumela wezithelo zomvini. Isifo samagilebhisi esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngeshwa, ngeke kwenzeke ukusilapha, isivini sidinga ukukhuliswa ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo ngeke kwenzeke ukukukhulisa eminye iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. |
| Ukubola okumpunga | I-Botrytis fungus | Ukuhlanganiswa okumpunga kuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ngenxa yalokho izithelo ziba zingajwayelekile futhi zingakufanele ukudla |
| Ukubola okumhlophe | Coniothyrium fungus | Isibonakaliso esiphawuleka kakhulu umucu omhlophe osimboza umhlanga kanye namajikijolo. Amagilebhisi athintekile ngokushesha alahlekelwa ukubukeka kwawo okungathengiseka. Imvamisa, ukubola okumhlophe kuthinta izitshalo ezithintwe yisichotho noma ukushiswa. |
| Ukubola okumnyama | Amakhowe of the genus Guignardia | Kuvela ibala elinsundu elinesikhungo esimhlophe kumajikijolo. Kungekudala, wonke amagilebhisi aguqula umbala wawo ube mnyama. Ekwindla, amajikijolo anjalo awela futhi, kanye namahlamvu, akha ukugxila kwalesi sifo ngonyaka olandelayo. Isikhathi eside kakhulu, lesi sifo sihluma ngokungabikho kwezimpawu zangaphandle ezibonakalayo esweni elinqunu |
Igalari yezithombe: izifo ezivame kakhulu zamagilebhisi
- Ukubola okumnyama kwamagilebhisi - isifo sokukhunta okunciphisa isivuno
- Umdlavuza wamagilebhisi wegciwane uthinta amahlumela, awelapheki
- I-Powdery mildew ezithelo zomvini ithambisa isikhumba sezithelo futhi ichithe isivuno
- I-Alternaria yamagilebhisi ivame ukuthinta isitshalo esimweni sezulu esibandayo
- I-Powdery isikhutha emacembe - isifo esivame kakhulu samagilebhisi
- Ukubola okumpunga kuvela njengobumba emvinini
- Ukubola okumhlophe kwamagilebhisi kuvame ukuthinta izitshalo ngemuva kwesichotho noma ukushiswa
Izifo eziningi ezithinta izinhlobonhlobo zoqobo zingumkhuhlane emvelweni, futhi kuvame ukuba lula ukuzivikela kunokulapha. Nansi eminye imithetho elula okufanele uyilandele ukugwema ubhubhane esivinini:
- uma kunokwenzeka sebenzisa kuphela umanyolo wamaminerali. Izinto eziphilayo kuyinto eshisayo yakudala yezifo zokukhunta;
- qiniseka ukuthi uhlanze futhi ushise udoti wamaqabunga ekwindla. Kuyinto efiselekayo ekusebenzeni kahle okukhulu ukwenza lokhu ngaphandle kwengadi;
Ngokuvimbela izifo zamagilebhisi, imfucumfucu yamaqabunga idinga ukushiswa, ngoba ingadlula isikhunta esidala izifo esidala izifo
- umswakama owedlulele yisimo esiyinhloko sezifo zokukhunta, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukukhulula umhlabathi njalo futhi ungavumeli ukuqina ngokweqile kokutshala;
- Musa ukutshala amagilebhisi enhlabathini esindayo, engafakwanga kahle.
Uma ukuvimbela kungasizi futhi ubona izimpawu zezifo zokukhunta kumagilebhisi akho, khona-ke kufanele uguqukele kuma-fungicides. Namuhla sekuyiminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye egcekeni, kepha i-sulfate yethusi isalokhu ingumbhubhisi othandwa kakhulu nowafakazelwa. Lesi sidakamizwa esishibhile, kulula ukusithola kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezingadi. Ngokufafaza amagilebhisi usebenzisa isixazululo esingu-0.5%: ama-10 l amanzi - ama-50 g we-powder:
- entwasahlobo, okutshalwe kuyo kufafazwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa;
- Ukwelashwa nge-sulphate ehlobo kwenziwa ngokuqapha, kubhekwe ngokuqinile i-dilution ka-0.5% kanye nomthamo wamalitha angama-3.5-4 ngemitha yesikwele. m;
I-Copper sulfate - ikhambi elifakazelwe lokulwa nezifo fungal
- inqubo yasekwindla yemivini ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ama-fungicides anamuhla asebenza ngempumelelo, anomthelela omnene kune-sulfate yethusi, athengiswa ezitolo. Abaziwa kakhulu kubo:
- UTopazi
- Amasaka
- I-Ridomil Gold.
Ividiyo: ukwelashwa kwe-Downy isikhutha kumgilebhisi
Ukubuyekezwa kokuqala kwamagilebhisi okuqala
Angizange ngijabule kakhulu nge-Original yami iminyaka engu-7. Kuvuthwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, yize amanye ama-Ulyashka ethatha amanye amajikijolo asevele ekuqaleni kuka-20 Agasti. Noma lo nyaka oshintshwe isikhathi awuzange uthinte izinhlobonhlobo - ushukela, umbala kanye nesikhathi - konke kuhleliwe.
USergg Ivanov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Futhi sisuse i-Original yethu ndawo thile cishe ngoSepthemba 25, maqondana nokuhamba siye eMoscow, akunakwenzeka ukushiya amasela. Leli gilebhisi lazwakala kalula ezinganeni naseMoscow izihlobo nabangane ngokubukeka nokunambitheka, wonke umuntu wayejabule, bethi abayithenganga into enjalo. Ekubuyeni kwabo, ngemuva kuka-Okthoba 10, basusa imvuthuluka esele: ngisho ne-pink ecebile, emnandi, idla ngentokozo. Indodakazi yami ngokuvamile ihehwa yilokhu okuhlukahlukene, ithanda amajikijolo amade wama-mastoid, futhi ukunambitheka kuhle. Esifundeni sethu, i-Original ripens kahle, nokho eKuban, Septhemba-Okthoba kusehlobo (ikakhulukazi kulo nyaka)!
Jane//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Ngokwalokho engikubonile:
U-Oleg Marmuta
- Ukuvuthwa cishe ngoSepthemba 10-15;
- imvamisa i-lousy impova, kepha i-peas ilahlwa kakhulu. Ezinye iziqubu, kuvela, futhi kube yiziqholo. Iziqu ezinhle - ikhilogremu eyodwa;
- ezingxenyeni ezinomthunzi wesihlahla, ama-berry awadoti, futhi elangeni isixha siphenduka samukeleka - ibhungane linombala ophuzi ngombala opinki;
- Iveza izithelo kahle emaceleni ka-stepons, kepha isivuno sendodana akuhlali sinesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngomunyu. Yini ethokozisayo: ezinganeni zokutholwa zihlala zithunyelwe impova ngokuphelele futhi kutholakala umbala opinki futhi obomvu, njengaseZagrava mayelana;
- Udinga imisebenzi eluhlaza, ukukhula kwakhe kunamandla, futhi uma enikezwe ukukhula kwamahhala, ulima ngokungenasizungu;
- ukumelana neqhwa ampofu;
- Akekho umlingani wokunambitheka nombala, njengoba besho, kodwa, ngombono wami, lo bheri uluketshezi oluncane. Akukho ukuphawula ukunambitha - kuyavumelana. Lapho weqisa, hhayi i-acid eyanele;
- Abathengi bathanda ukubukeka, nokunambitheka nakho.
Ngokuvamile, i-Original ingabekezelelwa, futhi uma uncipha, ngaphezulu kwalokho.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Sawubona Imvelaphi yami iyakhula, amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Amamephu sekwephuzile. Eminyakeni engu-5 ekhulayo, bekungenzeka ukuthi uthole isivuno bese uzama ngonyaka owedlule kuphela, inyama iyathambile, imnandi.
I-Grygoryj//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717&page=2
Lo nyaka, ekugcineni, owangempela ungibonile. Isihlahla esineminyaka emithathu ubudala seminyaka emibili, sihlushwe, okwesithathu sagcina sinikeze umvini omuhle, owawungenamahloni ukushiya uthwele. Ushiye izigcawu ezimbalwa, ukuthi muhle kanjani!
Kamyshanin//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717&page=6
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zoqobo zihlukaniswa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, isigaxa esikhulu, esingajwayelekile ngokungajwayelekile, ukumelana nesithwathwa nesifo, futhi nokunambitheka okuhle. Le nhlobonhlobo ithole ngokufanele ukuthandwa kwayo phakathi kwabalimi bethu.
