I-lettuce e-Crispy eluhlaza iyisithako esimangalisayo ezitsha zokudla. Uma ngaphambili sasisebenzisa imifino engaphansi, manje izinga lokukhula izitshalo zeladi liyanda, futhi zibonakala zibonakala etafuleni lethu.
Futhi uma konke kujwayelene ne-ulethisi eline-ulethisi, abanye bakuthola kunzima ukuphendula. Eqinisweni, i-lettuce ifanekisela i-lettuce, isitshalo semifino esingakhula kusayithi lakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
I-Lettuce: incazelo kanye nezinto eziphilayo ze-ulethisi
I-ulethisi, noma isaladi, - uhlobo lwezitshalo zezimbali zomndeni wase-Astrovye, okufaka izinhlobo eziyi-147. Kulezi, ukudla kusetshenzisiwe, noma ulethisi, ezinye izinhlobo zokhula. Kuhlakulelwe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Lesi isitshalo sonyaka, sokuvuthwa kokuqala nge-taproot, amaqabunga e-sessile, amaqabunga e-yellow-inflorescences-amabhasikidi kanye nembewu yezithelo. Izici zezitho zomkhiqizo (amaqabunga noma amakhanda) zixhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo nasezinhlobonhlobo ze-ulethisi. Amaqabunga e-lettuce afika ngokuhlukahluka nemibala ehlukene, ngezinye izikhathi nebala le-anthocyanin.
Kusetshenziselwa ukupheka njengama-vithamini imifino yamasaladi, ama-sandwich, ukudla okulula kanye nezinye izitsha. Ithisi inezinto eziningi ezizuzisayo: kuthuthukisa ukudla nokugaya, kunomphumela omuhle emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhuluphala, ukukhulelwa, ukukhathala, i-anemia. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaqabunga okudla, ama-cabbages, iziqu ezinwebile. Amaqabunga ayadliwa kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sidala isiqu, emva kwalokho silahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwabo. 
I-lettule yaziwa njengemifino, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinomthelela wokuphulukisa. Ukumnika amaqabunga amasha kuyasetshenziswa njengendlela yokudambisa, i-antispasmodic, i-hypnotic, kusukela kumjusi we-ulethisi ukulungiselela imithi yokwelapha ekhaya yezifo zesimiso senhliziyo.
Uyazi? Igama lohlobo lwesiLatini (uLuctuca) lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi "ubisi" ("lac"). Lapho iziqu nezitshalo zalesi sitshalo zonakalisiwe, kukhishwa ijusi elimhlophe, eliyisihloko.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesaladi le-ulethisi
Ithisi limelelwa izinhlobo eziningana:
- I-Lactuca sativa var. i-secalina - I-lettuce leqabunga elinamaqabunga amaningi, ezinye izinhlobo zazo, ezinye zazo ziyi: I-Raspberry Ball, i-Levistro, i-Constance, i-Concord, irekhodi, i-Little Krasny, u-Anthony, uRubett, i-Green Coral, i-Red Coral, iGrenada, i-Kucheryavets i-Odessa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zase-Ukraine I-Snowflake iqala ukukhula (izinsuku ezingu-20-25). Ngokumelene nesomiso, umswakama ophezulu nokubandayo, ukumelana nezifo. Ukukhiqiza - 1.05-2 kg / sq. I-large-upright outlet 30-35 cm high kanye no 20-25 cm ububanzi liqukethe amahlamvu 12-18. Amaqabunga aqinile, aphelele, avulekile futhi avulekile, aphuzi umbala. Lesi sitshalo sihlobisa.
I-Golden Ball - isi-Ukrainian esiphakathi kwezihlobo ezihlukahlukene (izinsuku ezingu-25-30). Esikhathini sokuhlangana okulingana nobubanzi obuyi-22-24 cm kunama-10-14 wonke amaqabunga aphuzi obukhulu obuphakathi, i-wavy emaphethelweni. Isaladi lihlobisa, amaqabunga onke asetshenziselwa umhlobiso wesitsha.
- I-Lactuca sativa var. i-acephala - Isaladi lekhasi leshidi eligcwele amaqabunga. Lezi zinhlobo kufanelekile ukuvuna kancane kancane: amaqabunga angaphandle ayanqunywa, amaqabunga angaphakathi (amancane) akhule. Amabanga: uLollo Blonda, uLollo Rossa, uLollo bionda, uLollo Gorbi.
Lollo rossa - i-mid-season popular popular season (izinsuku ezingu-40-55), ukuhlobisa kakhulu, ukumelana nokubopha. Amaqabunga ayinkulu, i-crispy, i-curly, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onqenqemeni obomvu-pink. Ukuhlukahluka kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imibhede yembali. Isisindo sezitshalo - 325 g, isivuno - 3.0 kg / sq. m
- I-Lactuca sativa var. capitata - iklabishi isaladi namaqabunga amakhulu noma ama-crispy amaqabunga. Imakethe iboniswa yizinhlobo zika-Etti, Olzhich, Godard, Major, Senator, Laravera.
U-Olzhich - Ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zase-Ukraine eziphelile (ezinsukwini ezingu-40-46) zinekhanda elizungezile, amaqabunga aluhlaza oketshezi ohlaza oketshezi. Umkhiqizo we-ulethisi - 2.5-3.2 kg / sq. m
- I-Lactuca sativa var. longifolia - Isaladi yamaRoma (isiRoma), ekhonjiswe yinhloko e-elveated-oval kanye ne-rosette yamaqabunga aphakanyisiwe.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Ukraine Skarb edalwe ngenxa yokukhethwa kwesampula yaseSpain eRomana rorogorana kanye ne-Algerian Varte maraihere esiteshini sokuhlola "Mayak" se-Institute of Vegetable and Melon-growing, iSikhungo Sezizwe Sase-Agrarian Sciences sase-Ukraine. Ukuhlukahluka okungafani nesomiso. Isaladi inekhanda elikhulu elinama-oval, amaqabunga aqinile, aqinile, afakwe oval ohlaza okombala nombala, onqenqemeni ongapheli. Isisindo sekhanda le-lettuce singama-556.0 g. Isikhathi sokuhluma kuya ekuthengiseni sekuyizinsuku ezingu-48. Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo - 3.2 kg / sq. m
- I-Lactuca sativa var. i-angustana (i-asparagina ye-var. - I-lettuce (i-asparagus) ye-lettuce, ekhonjiswe yi-stem ejulile namaqabunga amade, amancane, abushelelezi emaphethelweni. Isitshalo sonyaka ngokuphakama kwama-60-120 cm. Isiko esingafuni ukulimala, imbewu eqala ukukhula ekushiseni kwe-2-5 ° C futhi imelane namaqhwa amancane. Kuhlwanyelwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Juni. Kunzima ukubekezelela isomiso kwanoma yiliphi izinga.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kwe-Ukraine Pogonych It has a isivuno high kanye ukunambitheka omuhle kakhulu. Ubude be-stem - 25-40 cm, amaqabunga - 17 cm, emagqabeleni angu-11. Amaqabunga aphakathi kobukhulu obuphakathi, i-gray-green, oval, erect. Ubukhulu be-stem - 310 g, ama-rosettes amaqabunga - 750 g. Ukukhiqiza okuhlaza - 5.32 kg / sq. m, iziqu - 2.18 kg / sq. m
Kubalulekile! Isigaba samanje sezomnotho kanye nabathengi ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-ulethisi sibahlukanisa zibe izinhlobo zamafutha klabishi nama-crispy, i-lettuce yamaRoma (i-Romain), i-lettuce yesiLatini (utshani), i-shear ne-lettuce yesiqu.
Ukukhetha indawo nendawo
I-Lettuce ifanele ukulima endaweni evulekile nevikelekile.
Isaladi izwa kangcono endaweni enelanga lapho kungekho khona i-drafts. Akudingekile ukutshala eduze nemifino ephezulu, eyakha umthunzi omningi.
Ukuze i-lettuce isetshenziswe kahle inhlabathi evundile ngenhlabathi engaphenduki noma isabela kancane. Umanyolo womanyolo akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu. I-lettuce eluhlaza ingaqongelela i-nitrate, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise i-nitrogen fertilizer.
Uyazi? Izinga lokusebenzisa i-lettuce okungenani u-5 kg ngomuntu ngamunye ngonyaka. AbaseBrithani nabaseFrance sebewedlule isikhathi eside lesi sibalo, ngoba unyaka kulawa mazwe udliwe ngo-14 kg no-7 kg ngamunye, ngokulandelana.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Ukwandisa ukwandisa ekwindla, kwanele ukusabalalisa phezu komquba owonakele noma umquba (amabhakede amabili nge 1 sq. M). Entwasahlobo, ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi kuyodinga ukulinganisa. Ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo se-lettuce sokufika sifanele senziwe. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma nokwandisa isivuno, imbewu ingacubungulwa ngokukhushulwa kokukhula. 
Amadolozi kanye nomakhelwane nezinye izitshalo
Ubhontshisi kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu kubhekwa njengabaqaphi abalungile besaladi. Anyanisi, iklabishi, isithombo kanye nesithombo kungabhekwa njengomakhelwane omuhle we-ulethisi. Isitshalo sokuqala siduma ama-aphid, kanti konke okuwusizo kulesaladi ngokwalo, ngoba liphikisa umhlaba. Ungatshala isaladi eduze kwe-strawberries, uphizi, ubhontshisi, isipinashi.
Ukutshala eduze kwezitshalo (amakhukhamba, zucchini, amakhabe, amakhabe) kuzovumela lezi zitshalo ukuba zikhule endaweni yokuvuna i-ulethisi. Ngo-Agasti, i-lettuce ingahlwanyelwa ezindaweni emva kokuvuna izaqathe, anyanisi kanye negalikhi, namazambane okuqala.
Kubalulekile! I-lettuce ingaba i-compactor yamatamatisi: itshale ngendlela yemingcele ezungeze imibhede yetamatisi, lokhu kuzokusiza ukulondoloza isikhala futhi unikeze indawo yokuhlobisa.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-lettuce
Isaladi yisitshalo esingenamakhaza, sihlwanyelwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zensimu yasentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kwama-radishes ne-izaqathe. Amahlumela akwazi ukumelana namaqhwa kuze kube yi--2 ° С, futhi izitshalo ezivuthiwe zingasuka ku--5 ° С.
Iqabunga le-lettuce lingatshalwa emigqeni noma ukuhlwanyela okuqhubekayo. Ukutshala i-lettuce encane ephuziswayo kwenziwa ngokwephethini lama-20 x 20 cm, uhlamvu olugcwele-30 x 30 cm. I-lettup lettuce itshalwa embhedeni ibanga lika-25-30 cm phakathi kwezitshalo kanye no-50-60 cm phakathi kwemigqa. 
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa emigodini enobubanzi buka-0.5 cm. Izinga lokutshala liyi-2-3 g / 10 amamitha ayizikwele. m. Imbewu idinga ukumboza umhlabathi cishe, endaweni esomile - ukujula kancane, kufika ku-1.5 cm.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole isaladi esisha yonke inkathi efudumele, hlwada isaladi kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo ngehora lesonto lamabili. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla isaladi ihlanganiswa ubusuku..Ukuze usebenzise indawo yensimu noma ingadi engadini, ukutshala amasaladi ensimini kungahle kuhlelwe ngezindlela ezimbili. Indlela yokuqala ibeka emibhedeni ehlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi esifushane kunokwenzeka ukuba uthole imali enkulu yomkhiqizo, futhi akudingekile ukuba unciphise izitshalo, lezi zintaba kufanele zibe zinyene.
Inketho yesibili ihlanganisa ukubeka isaladi phakathi kwezinye izitshalo - amakhambi noma imifino (isibonelo, izaqathe). Isaladi nge roses noma ezinye izimbali izobukeka kahle.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga amathathu amahlumela, izitshalo zincipha. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwenzeka emva kwamasonto amabili. Izitshalo ezengeziwe zidliwe. 
Uyazi? E-Scandinavia, i-90% yemvuno ye-ulethisi ikhule ngendlela yokwakhiwa kwe-hydroponics - ukubeka izitshalo endaweni ebushelelezi lapho isisombululo sesisombululo sihamba khona.
Ukunakekela: izinto eziyisisekelo zokuvuna okuhle
Isaladi yisiko esingadingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokulima nokunakekelwa. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu, udinga ukukhipha inhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanele, ulahle ukhula futhi usebenzise i-ulethisi. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokungajwayelekile, kodwa ngokuphambene. Emoyeni esomile, udinga ukuwasebenzisa kanye ngosuku, endaweni epholile - izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Ukugqoka okuphezulu akuyona into ephoqelekile, ngoba i-ulethisi iyisiko esinqunyiwe.
Uyazi? Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ulethisi yaseYurophu kungamathani ayizigidi ezintathu.Abakhiqizi abakhulu kunazo zonke base-Italy, eNetherlands, eBelgium, eFrance naseSpain. Umthengisi oyinhloko yiSpain.
Izifo ezikhona nezinambuzane ze-ulethisi
Uma amabala obomvu avela emaqabungeni aphansi e-ulethisi, asakazeka emaqeleni amaqabunga, okwenza kube khona ukubola kwekhanda, ama-stalk namaqabunga, isaladi cishe ingathinteka. ukubola okumpunga. 
Ukubola okumhlophe yenza amabala okukhanya okulula, okokuqala emaqabungeni, bese kuthi ku-stem. Ezingxenyeni ezithintekayo zesaladi kubonakala sengathi kukhona umbala omhlophe obonakalayo. Izinto ezibangela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo ngumkhuhlane (24-27 ° C) nomswakama.
Izinhlamvu, iziqu kanye nezinhloko ze-ulethisi zingathinteka ngokushintsha okusheshayo kokushisa. i-powdery isikhuthaNgesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni.
Umswakama owandayo uphuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa i-peronosporosis. Ingxenye engenhla yamaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala angacacile okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, futhi ingxenye engezansi ihlanganiswe ne-mycelium emhlophe. 
Izakhi zomsoco ezingaphezu kwenhlabathi zingabangela inqenqema ishisa - ukubola, kuthinta sonke isitshalo.
Ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kulawulwe izifo, kubalulekile ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlanza isitshalo endaweni efanayo ngesikhathi esiyiminyaka emithathu. Izitshalo ezimele futhi ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe, futhi izinsalela zokuvuna emva kokuvuna kufanele zibhujiswe. Akudingekile ukuphatha imifino ngamakhemikhali; ngaphambi kokutshala, kungcono ukumanzisa umhlaba nge-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-sulphate yethusi (5 l / sq. M).
I-Stem Salad Aphid uhlala izingxenye zesitshalo, okwenza lesi sitshalo siyeke ukukhula, amaqabunga ama-curl ne-discolor. Ukuze uphefa izitshalo ezithintekile kudingeka ulungiselele i-decoction. Ngama-litre amanzi, thatha ama-0.5 kg weqabunga elichotshoziwe utamatisi, ugcize amahora angu-5, bese ubilisa ukushisa okuphansi amahora amathathu. Okulandelayo, uketshezi kumele kukhishwe bese kuhlihliwe, engeza u-5 g wesepha, phinda u-2 amalitha amanzi ngaphambi kokupunga. Ukucubungula kuhle kakhulu kwenziwa ntambama. 
Ukuze silwe nama-slugs emkhatsini wemibhede, izicupho zezinto zokuphahla kanye nama-slats zibekiwe, izinambuzane zihamba ngaphansi kwazo, futhi zingahlanganiswa. Izithiyo ezibhebhethekisayo ziyizikhukhula ezincane zesikhumba esishisayo emaphethelweni emibhede.
Uma kutholakala indawo engase ibe khona ye-ulethisi ekhulayo ama-wireworms, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande ezinjengamazambane, ama-beet, noma izaqathe kufanele zifakwe enhlabathini. Lapho izinambuzane sezikhuphukela emifino, zingasuswa.
Kubalulekile! Amanye amasiko, ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-salads, awawona ohlobo lwethisi: i-arugula, i-watercress, isaladi ye-chicory, isipinashi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-lettuce akuyona isiko esithile phakathi kwezitshalo zesaladi. I-Iceberg, i-Oak Leaf ne-Batavia yizinhlobo zayo.
Ukuvuna nokugcinwa kwemvelo
Ukuvuna kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala kuvuna izinsuku ezingama-40-50 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, izinhlobo zonyaka-phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-50-60, ukuvuthwa okuphuzile - emva kwezinsuku ezingu-70-80.
Kunconywa ukususa i-lettuce ekuseni uma isaladi isisha futhi isilisiwe. Akunconywa ukwenza lokhu ngemuva kokuchelela, ngenxa yomswakama i-lettuce ingabola. Ithisi lekhanda lihlanzekile njengokuvuthwa, ngokukhetha. Ukuze unqume ukuthi i-lettuce ikhule kanjani, cindezela ingqikithi ngomunwe: uma ilukhuni, ungayinquma. 
Kusukela ku-lettuce, unqume amaqabunga ngamanye amaqabunga noma ususe wonke amahlathi ngempande, kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene. Geza izitshalo, uma kungenjalo kuhlelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, akufanelekile.
Isaladi ilahlekelwa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyithumela endaweni yokugcina ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Esigandini esivinjelwe ngokuqinile noma epulasitiki, isaladi ingagcinwa esiqandisini kuze kube amasonto amabili. Ngaphansi kwesitsha ungabeka ithawula le-napkin noma iphepha, kufanele uhlanganise nemifino phezulu.
Iklabishi i-lettuce ifakwe emigqeni emibili: ungqimba olungezansi - ngesisekelo phansi, phezulu - ngesisekelo phezulu.
E-lettuce, inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-nitrogenous compounds atholakala ezinhlakeni neziqu zeqabunga. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kumele bahlungwe emanzini. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugeza ku-20% we-nitrate.
Uma isivuno esivuniwe singenakudliwa masinya, izitshalo zicutshungulwa ngenhla yomhlabathi futhi zigcinwe.
Uyazi? E-US, ukulima kwemboni ye-ulethisi kuqhutshwa phakathi kwedolobha. E-New York, izithombo zokugcina zokugcina izithombo ezinezimila ziphezu kwezindawo zokuphahla kwezimboni nezokugcina impahla.Ukukhula kwethisi kubonakala ngezindlela ezilula zokulima. Ngokumnikeza izimo ezinhle, uthola isivuno esihle sokuhlolwa koculinary noma ukuthengisa.
