Ingxenye ebalulekile yensimu yaseRussia isendaweni yezolimo ezinobungozi. Kubukeka kunobuwula ukukhuluma ngokukhula kwamagilebhisi lapha. Lapho kukhulunywa ngayo, kukhumbula iMedithera, iTranscaucasia namanye amazwe afudumele. Kepha kukhona izinhlobo ezingakhula "enyakatho yasendle." Futhi kunabantu abakulungele ukutshala amandla abo, isikhathi nomphefumlo wabo kulo msebenzi onzima. Cishe eyodwa yalezi zinhlobonhlobo - i-Aleshenkin - inkulumo izohamba.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zokukhula Komlando
Leli gilebhisi linegama elingajwayelekile - i-Aleshenkin. Usosayensi odumile waseSoviet, umfuyi wempi, isazi semfundo ephambili kanye nesosha langaphambili uPyotr Efimovich Tsekhmistrenko wamqamba ngokuhlonipha umzukulu wakhe. Le nhlobonhlobo ibizwa nangokuthi i-Alyosha, noma i-prosaically - Cha. 328.
Izinhlobonhlobo zangeniswa kwiRegional State yeRussian Federation ngaphansi kwegama elithi Alyoshenkin Dar (ikhodi 9553098). Amagama anhlobonhlobo ngalesinye isikhathi abangela impikiswano phakathi kwabalimi ngokuthi ngabe uhlobo olulodwa lukhona.
UPeter Efimovich ungumbhali wenhlobo eyodwa nesigamu yezihlahla zezithelo, kwathi ngo-1956 leli gilebhisi laphuma ezandleni zakhe, umphumela weminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili womsebenzi. Isazi uTsekhmistrenko wayehlala futhi esebenza eVolgograd, lapho kushisa khona ehlobo, kepha ubusika bunobunzima. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobonhlobo ezifuhlwe kulezi zindawo eziseningizimu ziyakwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa kuze kufinyelele -26 ° C.
Incazelo nezimpawu zamagilebhisi i-Aleshenkin
I-Aleshenkin yizinhlobo zamagilebhisi zethebula. Ochwepheshe bakala ukunambitheka kwayo kuphezulu impela - amaphuzu angu-7. Inoshukela omningi - 16%. Amabhulashi makhulu, kunalokho athambile. Isisindo esivamile sebhulashi yi-552 g, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-1 kg noma ngaphezulu. Amajikijolo aluhlaza okhanyayo nge-tint emnandi ephuzi, embozwe ngentambo e-waxy. Isikhumba siminyene, kepha siyakheka. Kukhona imbewu embalwa, imvamisa eyodwa noma ezimbili, kanti ama-40% amajikijolo angenazo ngokuphelele.
Isitshalo sivuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngezinsuku eziyi-110 kuya kwezi-5. Ukukhiqiza kungafinyelela kuma-25 kg kusuka esihlahleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, kepha imvamisa - 8-10 kg. I-Aleshenkin inamahlamvu anezici ezinhlanu ezihlukanise ezinye izinhlobo. Yize amagilebhisi abhekwe njengeqhwa, kodwa ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba ihlupheka kakhulu yiqhwa, ngakho ebusika izihlahla kufanele zimbozwe.
Kukhona abashisekeli abaphethe ukuthola isivuno ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle. Kepha lokhu, kunjalo, ku-abamba ukushisa.
Iqoqo elikhulu lamagilebhisi ama-Aleshenkin avuthwa kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-Julayi
Ividiyo: Ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi we-Aleshenkin kuvuthiwe
Izici zokutshala nokunakekela
Le nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi ithathwa njengezethembisayo impela uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa abalimi abasaqala kanye nabasebenza newayini. Kepha imithetho ethile lapho ikhula kungcono ukuyilandela.
Izindawo ezithandekayo
Amagilebhisi athanda izindawo ezinelanga ezivikelwe emoyeni, ikakhulukazi enyakatho. Isithambeka eseningizimu sikufanelekela kangcono. Okokuqala, kuyafudumala entwasahlobo; amanzi awagxili lapho. Amagilebhisi awathandi ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, kulokhu izifo zefungus zingakuthinta.
I-Aleshenkin ine-average ukumelana nezifo, kepha into elondolozayo ukuthi ngama-pathogen asesilinganisweni azizizwa kahle noma kunjalo, kulandela i-agrotechnics, amagilebhisi cishe awaguli. Kuhle kakhulu ukutshala amagilebhisi ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezindonga - isakhiwo noma uthango oluzowumboza emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo, njengoba sesifudumeze ilanga elangeni, sizofudumeza izitshalo ebusuku, sikhiphe ukushisa kwaso. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kumele kubhekwe ukuthi amanzi emvula avela ophahleni akufanele akhanyele ezitshalweni.
Amagilebhisi akhetha inhlabathi evundile, ekhanyayo. Ayizibekezeleli izindawo ezimanzi nezindawo ezinosawoti. Akayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidic - kufanele kufakwe i-lime. Yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa inhlabathi yenziwa kangcono ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele ugaye umhlabathi ukuze ugcwale umoya-mpilo futhi womile kancane ngaphandle.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Kungcono ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo, khona-ke ebusika buyakwazi ukuthatha izimpande futhi buqinise kahle. Ukukhethwa kwezithombo kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina. Ngokusebenzisa kuphela izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokutshala, ungathola imiphumela emihle. Kungcono ukuthatha izithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, kepha uma luvulekile, kudingeka unake umbala wezimpande - okhanya kangcono. Uma kungenzeka, ungasika owodwa - ukusikwa kufanele futhi kube ukukhanya.
Uma impande ngaphakathi imnyama, yisithombo esingesihle.
A ihlumela brown nsundu, kodwa ukukhanya on the ukusikwa. Amahlamvu, uma ekhona, kufanele abushelelezi. Ukuba khona kokungafanele kuzo kungakhombisa ukutheleleka kwezitshalo yizilokazane.
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezine-system evaliwe yezimpande
Inqubo yokufika ngokwayo ingahlukaniswa imisebenzi eminingi:
- Bamba umgodi. Ukudepha, ububanzi nobude kucishe kufane, cishe ngo-60 cm.
- Phansi sithululela amanzi - ubumba olwandisiwe, izitini eziphukile. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi kunomswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini - ungqimba lwamanzi lungafinyelela ku-25 cm.
- Ngaphezulu kwephayiphu, uthele umhlaba, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus (noma i-peat) exutshwe ngokulinganayo.
- Faka izipuni ezi-1-2 zomanyolo onzima, ifosholo lomlotha.
- Chitha kahle umgodi ngamanzi.
- Nisela isithombo kahle, bese usisusa ebhodweni ngokucophelela bese usifaka emgodini.
Izithombo zifakwa emgodini olungiselelwe nge-engela engaphezulu kobuso benhlabathi futhi ziniselwe kakhulu.
- Silala ngomhlaba, sichoboze ngokucophelela futhi futhi amanzi.
Izithombo azibekwa hhayi zibheke phezulu, kepha zibheka endaweni yomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba lula ukubabekela ubusika. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu, bese ziniselwa kanye njalo emavikini amabili - cishe amalitha angama-40 ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo
Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokususa indawo yokukhosela, imivini kufanele iboshelwe ezivinini, futhi nangaphambi kokuba kuqhume ukuqhuma, ukufeza ukudla kokuqala. Kulokhu, ukumnika umquba wenkukhu kufanelekile. Ixubaniswa namanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2, gcizelela isonto, khona-ke ukumiliselwa kufakwe kusilinganiso esingu-1: 10. Lesi sixazululo sisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngesilinganiso se-1 litre ngesihlahla ngasinye. Akudingi ukuthululwa ngqo ngaphansi kwempande, kungcono ukwenza i-groove eyindilinga futhi uthele umanyolo kuyo.
Ukwenza ngcono ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-potash. Okungabizi kakhulu ngumlotha. Lethwa noma ngefomu elomile ngesilinganiso sebhakede elilodwa ngesitshalo ngasinye, noma ngesimo sokukhishwa (uthele amanzi bese ugcizelela izinsuku ezingama-3).
Ukudla okuqala kakhulu kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa lincibilike, kusakazeka i-superphosphate ye-granular ngesilinganiso sama-40 g ngesentimitha ngasinye.
Lapho isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1,7, udinga ukuphina izingqimba. Kususwa amaqabunga amaza ama-inflorescence. Endabeni yehlobo elomile ezungeze isihlahla ngasinye udinga ukwenza i-groove eyindilinga ukuze amanzi angahambi ngesikhathi sokunisela futhi afike ngqo ezimpandeni. Ngomswakama ophezulu, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini obumba obunzima, udinga ukumba ngemisele yokudonsa amanzi ukugwema ukulinyazwa ukhunta.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
Ukukhula kwe-Bush kudinga ukulawulwa. Awukwazi ukuyiyeka ikhule kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukunakekela nokunciphisa umkhiqizo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza isihlahla. Kwabalimi abangenalwazi lwamagilebhisi akhulayo, uhlelo lokuthena olwenziwe maphakathi nekhulu le-19 ngomlimi wewayini uGuyot lingahle lifanele.
- Ekwindla yonyaka wokuqala, ihlumela elincane linqunywa, lishiya amehlo amabili ngaphezu kwenhlabathi noma endaweni yokugoma.
- Ekwindla wonyaka olandelayo, elinye lamahlumela lalenqanyulwa lifushane, lashiya amehlo amabili (ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni), kanti okwesibili lide, lisuka kwamehlo amane. Kuzoba ngumvini wezithelo.
- Ukuwa okulandelayo (unyaka wesi-3), umvini owenqenqemeni nawo wonke amahlumela usikiwe, futhi kusukela amahlumela akhulele endaweni lefindo, kwenziwa ifindo elisha nomvini omusha we-fruiting.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nesipholile, ukwakhiwa kwama fan fan kuyathandwa. Kulesi simo, iminyaka emibili yokuqala, izihlahla zenziwa ngendlela efanayo nasendleleni yeGuyot, kwathi ngonyaka wesithathu, kukhethwe amahlumela aqinile angama-3-4 ubukhulu angaba ngu-6 mm ehlathini, ngalinye ligawulwa kuze kube okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-50 futhi liboshelwe phansi kwephiko le-trellis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela akhiwe ezinhlangothini, enza isikhathi eside, futhi akhiwe phakathi nendawo - amafushane. Ngale ndlela, kwakhiwa "imikhono" eminingi noma "amayunithi ezithelo".
Umvini uvama ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-6, bese kuba mnene kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukubeka emseleni wokubusika. Ngakho-ke, "imikhono" yakudala iyanqunywa, ukuyifaka esikhundleni amahlumela amancane.
Izihlahla zomvini - umcimbi obaluleke kakhulu wezolimo
Ubusika
Ukuze ubusika bube yimpumelelo amagilebhisi, imivini isuswa ku-trellis, iboshwe, igobeke phansi emhlabathini, iphinwe futhi imbozwe ngezinto ezingavunyelwe ukungena emanzini. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kwisimo sezulu esomile ukuze umswakama owengeziwe ungangeni endaweni yokukhosela. Isikhathi esifanele sokubeka ubusika sisukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya maphakathi no-Novemba. Amazinga okushisa nsuku zonke kufanele abe ngu-0 ° C. Uma kufudumele kakhulu, kuzokwakhiwa “igreenhouse” ngaphansi kwefilimu, okuzolimaza umvini. Fafaza ifilimu ngomhlaba, ne-mulch phezulu.
Kuhle kakhulu uma ebusika kuzoba neqhwa eliningi endaweni lapho amagilebhisi ebusika. Kulokhu, ukugcinwa kweqhwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe.
Entwasahlobo, lo mulch ususwa ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, bese ifilimu lihle kamuva, lapho izitshalo ziqala ukukhula. Kulokhu, uma impahla esembozweni idlulisa ukukhanya, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela komoya endaweni yokukhosela.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Izinkinga ezikulezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyefana nakwezinye. Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu nezivamile zokukhunta yi-oidium, isikhutha. Kwezinambuzane, eziyingozi kakhulu i-spider mite, chaber yemabula, ipheshana leminyaka emibili. Zombili izindlela zamakhemikhali nezolimo zisetshenziselwa zona.
Ithebula: Izifo, Izilokazane Nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane
| Izifo, inkathazo | Imvelo yokwehlula | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
| I-Mildew (Downy isikhutha) | Isifo esivame kakhulu. Ithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, kuvela amabala aphuzi kuzo, ibala elimhlophe elingaphansi kwamaqabunga. Lapho-ke izingxenye ezithintekile ziba nsundu bese zifa. | Kuyasebenza:
Ukusebenza okwesithathu:
|
| I-Oidium (i-powdery isikhutha) | Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zibukeka zifafazwe ngefulawa. Ama-inflorescence athintekile ayaphela, futhi amajikijolo aqhekeka noma omile. | Faka isicelo:
Isikhathi sokucubungula sifana nesomusho. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Kuyathinta amaqabunga, aphenduka aphuzi futhi omile. Lokhu kwehlisa lesi sitshalo, kubhebhethekisa ukukhula nokukhula kwamahlumela, kunciphisa isivuno noshukela wezithelo. | Sebenzisa:
Izitshalo ziphathwa nge-nitrafen kuze kube ama-buds avuliwe, khona-ke ukwelashwa okujwayelekile ngamalungiselelo we-acaricidal kwenziwa ngokwemiyalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isisombululo siwele ngaphansi kwamahlamvu, lapho inkathazo yenziwa khona ekhaya. |
| IMarble Crunch | Inkathazo eyingozi kakhulu. Izinambuzane nozibungu bazo ziququda izimpande zezitshalo, okuholela ekufeni kwazo. | Ama-insecticides asetshenziswa enhlabathini:
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla lapho izibungu zezinambuzane zikuleya ndawo ekahle. |
| Ipheshana le-Biennial | Uvemvane olunamacimbi adla izimbali, ama-ovari nolimaza amajikijolo. | Izitshalo entwasahlobo zifafazwa ngezidakamizwa:
|
Ukuze uvimbele izifo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqina kwezihlahla, ukususa amahlumela ngokweqile ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu kunikeza umoya omncane futhi kugcina umswakama ojwayelekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulahla imfucumfucu yesitshalo futhi kungaphazamisi ukuthuthukiswa kokhula, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, lapho iba ngukudla kokudla kwezinambuzane ezingasasebenzi.
Igalari yezithombe: izifo nezinambuzane zamagilebhisi
- Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sesifo sikakhamba amabala aphuzi emaqabungeni amagilebhisi.
- Izitshalo zePowdery isikhutha zibukeka zifafazwe ngfulawa
- Amacembe athinteka yisicabucabu mite curl bese ewa
- Marble Khrushchev - ibhungane elinsundu ngephethini elimhlophe le-elytra
- Ipheshana elineminyaka emibili - uvemvane olunamaphiko aphuzi aphuma lapho kudlula khona umucu omdaka onsundu
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
I-Aleshenkin igilebhisi lami lokuqala lithengwe luhlaza ngokuphelele ngokungabi nalwazi.Ngisho nje ukuthi yayingenamamilimitha engxenye enobunzima.Kungenakho okuhlangenwe nakho, yayisabanda futhi ikhula, yize ngiyifaka esikhundleni sayo ngifuna indawo enhle kakhulu. Yayigule isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha ngaphandle Izindlela zokwelapha futhi ehlobo eledlule ngithole ukuthi yi-hlobo luphi kuzo. Ngasusa zonke iziqubu, yize zaziningi futhi zelashwa, zangiphatha kahle. Ngafisa kakhulu ukugcina izinhlobonhlobo zivuthwa nganoma yiliphi ihlobo, zimnandi futhi zizinhle. Lo nyaka, ngisho nangamehlo avukile, kwakukhona izimbali emikhawulweni emidala, nasemakhanda amadevu nasezimvinini, ezimbili, kodwa ikakhulukazi ezintathu, amaqoqo. Akunandaba ukuthi kubi kangakanani, washiya eyodwa. Manje ngiyayifafaza. Ngifuna impela ukuyivikela ezifweni. Noma kunjalo, angizukunqaba u-Alyoshenkin. Ngingcono nginakekele.
Lala//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=672&p=339736
I-Aleshenkin yiligilebhisi lokuqala esakhiweni sami futhi kuze kube manje intandokazi kunayo yonke, uhlobo olujwayelekile lapho ngiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo ukunambitha, ukuvuthwa.
UVictor Grebenichenko//new.rusvinograd.ru/viewtopic.php?t=61
I-Aleshenkin, njengomqambi wayo, ihlukile ngezinhlamvu. Kepha uma uyijwayela, kuhle. Nginemivini emi-2 emasikweni odongeni. Ngo-2007, yaqala ukukhula ngo-Agasti 10, futhi lokhu kuyinto emadolobheni amancane.
Talinka//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527
Asikhulisi izinhlobo eziningi, kepha i-Aleshenkin ibhekwa njenge yinhle kakhulu. Okungenani ukucabanga ukuthi sinamaqabunga ama-degree angama-30 njalo ebusika, khona-ke uhlushwa ubusika obuvikeleke kahle. Futhi unesikhathi sokuvuthwa, esenza ukuba umlimi wewayini osenyakatho ajabule.
I-Reg Old Timer//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527&page=3
Azikho izinhlobo ezifanele. Ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinzuzo zayo. I-Aleshenkin yona ihlukile. Kepha lokhu, ngokweqiniso, kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, umcebo wethu wezwe, ofanele ukuhlonishwa, ukunakekelwa nothando.
