Insimu yasenhlahleni enyakazayo iyathandeka ngobuhle bayo. Izihlahla nezitshalo, ngokupheka ngokupheka emibala ehlukahlukene, shiya umbono ongapheli. Kodwa ngisho nangalesi sizinda, i-alimondi ehluma emanzini amathathu ibukeka njengenkosi yangempela.
Incazelo ye-botanical
Ama-almonds amathathu (elinye igama lingama-luisings amathathu) ayingxenye ye-genus Plum (Prunus), engowomndeni waseRosaceae. Esikhathini esidlule, lolu hlobo lwe-botany lwaluhlukaniswa nomuntu ohlukile weLouiseania. Izwe lakubo yiChina neKorea.
Uyazi? Ngokombiko owodwa, igama elithi "almond" livela esiGriki esithi "amygdalos", okusho ukuthi "umuthi omuhle".Lesi yisitshalo se-bichromatic plantation, sitholakala ngesimo se-shrub, nesimo somuthi omncane. Ukuphakama kwalo kungafinyelela ngamamitha angu-5. Amaqabunga ahamba phambili, aphethwe ngamathathu emaphethelweni. Izimbali zeTerry zifinyelela ku-5 cm ububanzi. Ziza ezinhlobonhlobo ze-shades, kusuka ebomini elikhanyayo kuya ku-crimson. Imifula iqala ngoMeyi futhi ingaqhubeka kuze kube amasonto amabili (itholakala ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo). Izithelo zibomvu, zizungeze, zihlobo lwe "drupe", ezindaweni ezizungezile ezingahle zivuthwe. Akwaziwa.
Izithelo ezingenakutholakala nazo zinezitshalo ezifana ne-honeysuckle ne-ficus.
Amafomu nezinhlobonhlobo
Lezi zinhlobo sekuyisikhathi eside zihlwanyelwe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Ngesisekelo sezinhlobo ezikhulayo zasendle, izinhlobo eziningi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene enezinhlobonhlobo futhi zinezimbali ezihlukahlukene zezimbali zakhiwe.
Luiseania amafomu
Ukuze umhlobiso wensimu, abaklami bezwe balimi kanye nabalimi banethuba lokukhetha enye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhona ze-luiseania - isihlahla noma isikhukhula. Womabili amafomu ane-branching eqinile.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Mhlawumbe ethandwa kakhulu ekutheni izinga lethu le-latitudes liyi-"Captivity." I-shrub ifinyelela ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Flowers gustomahrovye pink. Izimbali zithatha cishe izinsuku eziyishumi. Izinhlobonhlobo "Injabulo" ingaba kokubili isihlahla kanye ne-shrub. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-alimondi kugcwele izimbali ezinkulu ezimnyama ezibomvu. "Injabulo" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala, isitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza ngo-Ephreli. Ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo "I-Snow Uemury". Lesi sihlahla noma isikhukhula, sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu. Izimbali zalo ezinkulu ezimbili ziqale zibe nombala obomvu obomvu, okwenziwe kancane kancane ukhilimu.
Uyazi? Ibanga elithi "Snow Uemura" elibizwa ngokuthi umhambi odumile waseJapane oyedwa, owafa ngenkathi ekhuphuka eNtabeni McKinley - inani eliphakeme kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.
Imibala emihle kakhulu enhle ibanga elihlukile "I-Crimson". Unombala ophuzi obomvu. Isitshalo ngokwawo sinokuma kwesibhakabhaka esiphansi esinamahlumela aqondile. Izinhlobonhlobo "Vesnyanka" zibukeka njengomuthi weplamu. Entwasahlobo ihlanganiswe nezimbali ezinkulu ze-beige-pink. Isici saso esimangalisayo ukuphikisana kakhulu nokushisa komzimba (moniliosis).
Lapho ama-almond ekhula khona
Ama-alimondi amathathu aqoshiwe abheke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo yokutshala, ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesitshalo nokulula okuqhubekayo ukunakekelwa kubalulekile ukuthi indawo enjalo ihlangabezane nemigomo ethile. Lezi zindlela ezifanayo zifana naso kokubili izinhlobo zama-alimondi nezihlahla.
Ukukhetha indawo nokukhanyisa
Indawo yokutshala ama-alimondi akufanele ikhuphuke entwasahlobo; Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinga eliphezulu lamanzi asemhlabathini lingathandeki kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi indawo ilanga futhi ivikelwe emoyeni.
Inhlabathi ekhulayo
Okuhle kakhulu kulesi sitshalo ngumhlabathi okhanyayo ohlangene obhekene ne-alkaline reaction reaction. Okungenani kufanelekile kuye yinhlabathi enzima yobumba.
Ukutshala imithetho izithombo
Ukutshala kubhekwa njengezithombo ezinhle kakhulu zonyaka ezintathu. Ukutshala kwabo ukulungiselela umgodi cishe uhhafu wemitha yokujula. Ukuze uthole amanzi angcono, phansi komgodi uhlanganiswe no-15 cm wegrivel noma igravel eyamalahle futhi 200 g we-lime ayenezelwa kuyo. Izimpande zesitshalo zihlanganiswe ngenhlanganisela, izingxenye zazo eziyingxenye ezintathu zomhlabathi omile, izingxenye ezimbili ze-humus kanye nengxenye yesihlabathi. Inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla i-tamped kancane futhi yanisela kakhulu.
Futhi ngokutshala izitshalo ezinjenge-viburnum, shadberry, izinhlobo ze-pear "Veles" no- "Rogned", kungcono futhi ukusebenzisa izithombo zeminyaka emithathu.
Kungenzeka ukutshala izithombo kokubili entwasahlobo, futhi ekwindla. Entwasahlobo batshalwe ngenkathi bebeka isimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho kungekho ingozi yeqhwa. Ekwindla, ukutshala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga. Ukutshala kwekwindla kubhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu. Uma uhlwanyela izihlahla eziningana noma izihlahla, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo ligcinwa okungenani ngamamitha amathathu.
Ukusakazwa kwezitshalo
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza i-alimondi esinezintathu, umgadi wegadi uyiningi lokuzikhethela. Cabanga ngalezi zindlela.
Ukusuka emathanjeni
Ngalendlela yokukhiqiza, izithelo zombili nezihlahla ziyasetshenziswa. Umgodi wesithelo sama-almond utshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Izitshalo zokutshala zikhiqiza ekujuleni kwe-10 cm, ebangeni lika 10-12 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kokulahla umhlaba nokuphuza, ukutshala impahla akudingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
Emva kokuvela kwezithombo, umhlaba ozungezile ukhululiwe futhi ukhula. Amahlumela afakwa endaweni ehlala njalo lapho efinyelela cishe ngo-50 cm ukuphakama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esigabeni sesigamu se-10 cm ukusuka kwikhola yezimpande, wonke amahlumela asobala avele anqunywe. Kungenzeka ukutshala amathambo kokubili ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, amathambo agciniwe - agcinwe esiqandisini ngo-3-5 ° C cishe izinyanga ezine.
Kusuka ku-cuttings
Ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo ye-cuttings eyenziwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nquma amahlumela a-apical e-lignified. Kumele ziqukathe ama-knots amabili, ubude bokusika buyi-15-20 cm. Ngokulandelayo, ama-cuttings afakwa amahora angu-24 kwisisombululo sokukhula, bese esetshala (izihlahla zinyakatho zihlanganiswa ne-substrate) ku-greenhouse. Isetshenziselwa ukukhula kwe-rooting substrate yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat ngesilinganiso se-1: 2. Izimpande ezithuthukile kahle zakhiwe emva kwamasonto 3-4, emva kwalokho izitshalo ziyasuswa ukuze zivuleke emhlabathini, lapho zithuthukisa khona isimo esifisa, emva kwalokho zifakelwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusuka kokubeka
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokufaka izakhi iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siphakamise kusuka ku-dormancy yasebusika. Amagatsha aphansi aguquguqukayo esitshalo aguqulwa phansi futhi agxile kule ndawo. Iphuzu lokulungiswa lifafazwe ngenhlabathi, kamuva, ligcinwa njengesihlahla esivamile - siyikhulula phansi nxazonke bese siwasebenzisa. Ngemva konyaka, izendlalelo zihluma, zingahlukaniswa nesitshalo somzali futhi zifakwe endaweni efanelekile.
Izitshalo ezinjengeplamu, i-currant, i-Kampsis, i-fir, i-viburnum, ugqumugqumu, i-heather ne-cotoneaster ikhiqiza ngokubeka.
Inoculation
Le ndlela yokuzalisa isetshenziswa entwasahlobo noma ngo-Agasti. Ngokuba amasheya akhetha ukumelana nezinhlobo ezibandayo zama-alimondi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaplamu, ameva noma amapulazi nakho kunikeza imiphumela emihle. Ukuze uhlanganiswe, sebenzisa i-stalk eqondile yama-alimondi ngamehlo enziwe futhi uthathe amaqabunga.
Isitokisi sihlanjululwe ukungcola futhi ukufakwa kwe-T okwenziwe nge-T kwenziwa enhlokweni engaphezulu kwekhola yempande, ibhakede elinqunyiwe liphindiwe emuva, okuthiwa "isihlangu" kufakwe lapho, icindezelwa ngokumelene negxolo nomhlabathi nge-tape yokunamathisela yokuthembeka. I-flap iyisiqephu samagxolo esinqunyiwe kusuka ku-graft equkethe izinso. Kufanele ivumelane ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwegxolo lesitoko. Uma ukugoma kwenzeka entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuthi izinso zithatha izimpande, i-tape isusiwe. Endabeni yokugoma ehlobo, i-tape ishiywa kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Kukholelwa ukuthi izimbali ezihle kunazo zonke ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zama-almond amathathu, ziqala ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga. Ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, izimbali ziqala ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga amancane futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezo zakuqala - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-16.
Ukunakekela ama-alimondi amathathu aqoshiwe
Ukunakekelwa kwama-almond kulula, kodwa kufanele kube njalo. Ukukhishwa kokuqala komhlabathi ozungeza isiqu kufanele kwenziwe ekupheleni kukaMashi. Le nqubo kumele iphinde iphindwe ngezikhathi ezingu-3-4 phakathi nonyaka okhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhula kufanele lususwe ngaso sonke isikhathi esitshalweni.
Ukunisela
Ama-alimondi yisitshalo esingamelana nesomiso, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, isithelo esithela kangcono futhi sikhula ngokunisela okunejwayelekile nokwanele. Uma lesi sitshalo sitshala futhi sikhula emhlabathini onesihlabathi, kufanele siphuze kaningi ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini evamile.
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Izitshalo ezingamelana nesomiso nazo zihlanganisa i-chumizu, i-raspberry hussar nebutho.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe uma ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi luma ngo-1-1.5 cm. Khona-ke ibhakede lamanzi lithululelwa embuthaneni oseduze. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi asemanzini angabangela ukubola kwezimpande. Izithombo ziphuzwa kaningi, cishe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuphuza ama-alimondi phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, kufanele uzame ukuhlela ukuchelela okujwayelekile okungenani entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu njalo kukuvumela ukuba ufeze izimbali ezimangalisayo kakhulu zama-alimondi amathathu. Lapho kuqala entwasahlobo, umuthi ngamunye noma isitshalo kufanele sondliwe ngesisombululo se-1 kg yomquba kanye no-20 g we-ammonium nitrate, ehlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ekwindla, kuhle ukufaka i-potassium sulphate ngaphansi kwama-rhizomes e-alimondi enhlanganisela ene-superphosphate kabili-cishe i-20 g ngayinye imitha engama-1. m. Ukwengeza, ekudingeni ukuwa kudingeke ukunciphisa amahlumela wonyaka ayengenaso isikhathi sokuqina.
Ukudubula
Ukudubula, kokubili ukuvimbela nokuhlobisa (ukusika izimbali zezimbali), ama-alimondi abekezelela kahle. Ukusika izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesiphelile. Kubalulekile ukusika amahlumela wonyaka, kanye nesifo futhi unganikezwa amagatsha agcwele izimbali.
Kubalulekile! Lezi zinhlobo azizweli kakhulu ku-frost (ingaqina futhi -30°C), ngokuqondene nezikhathi eziningana ezihlala isikhathi eside, lapho i-flower buds ivuvuka khona. Njengoba kunciphisa okunye ukushisa, lezi zifihlekile zingase zife.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zama-alimondi ziyi-leafworm ne-aphid. I-wisp inganqotshwa ngosizo lwesixazululo se-chlorophos (ukuhlushwa kwe-0.15-0.3%) ngokupuniza amathrekhi. Ngokumelene nama-aphid, isixazululo sensipho yasendlini inhle ngesilinganiso se-200-300 g sesephu ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Lelixazululo lifakwe amaqabunga aphethwe ama-aphid.
Isibetho sangempela sama-alimondi yisifo esiyingozi se-fungal moniliosis (aka monilial burn), lapho kulwa khona izitshalo ezifakwe neBordeaux liquid njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20. Ngaphandle kwalesi sifo, lezi zinhlobo zivame ukubola nge-gray rot, ezingasuswa kuphela ngokusika amagatsha athintekile ebusika noma entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi sokumbali. Ngalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuvela kwamapayipi e-sporospace.
Ngakho-ke, ama-alimondi amathathu aqoshiwe awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esingenakuzithoba. Umlimi uhlangana nezinkinga ezithile ekukhuliseni: ukuzwela ukugxila isikhathi eside nokukhukhumeza, ukutholakala nezifo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga zinzima kakhulu, futhi ngale kwalokho, ukutshala nokunakekela lesi sihlahla sokuhlobisa noma isikhwama esincane silula. Umvuzo wemizamo uzoba mnandi, ongenakulibaleka kwentwasahlobo yentwasahlobo.
