Ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla kwenkathi yamagilebhisi iphetha izimila.
Abakwa-Winegrowers baye bavuna ukuvuna, futhi kubonakala sengathi wonke umsebenzi wegadi usekupheleni.
Isitshalo siqala ukuphumula.
Kodwa, ngokuphumula okuhle kwamagilebhisi, ukutholakala ngokugcwele kwamandla abo, ukuze ube nesitshalo esingcono ngonyaka ozayo, udinga ukunakekelwa kokutshala izihlahla namuhla.
Lokhu mhlawumbe indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokugcwalisa isitshalo ngezici eziwusizo kakhulu.
Imininingwane yangemuva. Amagama ambalwa mayelana negama elisetshenziselwa abalimi
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Lapho amagilebhisi etshalwe, yiqiniso, izakhi zinezakhi. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokugcina izohlala iminyaka engu-3-4, kungabi khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagilebhisi akhiwa futhi aqala ukuthela izithelo, isidingo sokuqinisa isihlahla samavini sanda. Lezo zifaka umquba ezenziwe ngokuya ngokwesikhathi sokungeza kwazo, futhi inani lempahla elisetshenzisiwe lihlukaniswe eziyisisekelo nokudla.
• BASIC - Imifino ephilayo kanye namanyolo amaminerali asetshenziswa ngokuzwakalayo kanye ngonyaka ka 2-3; noma ukuwa, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• IZINTO - encane uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi ejwayelekile yomanyolo yenziwa ukuqinisa izimo zokudla okunomsoco wesihlahla somvini minyaka yonke.
Amafilimu amagilebhisi akhula, ngokusho kohlobo lomanyolo, ahlukanise ukondla zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - impande kanye foliar.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngamagilebhisi omanyolo ekwindla
Umsuka wokugqoka
Ukondla izimpande kuveza ukwethulwa kwamavithamini okuzala ngaphansi kwezimpande zomvini. Izitshalo ezilethwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla, zibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kweseyingi yezici ezinika ukuphila. Umphumela ngeke ukwenze ulinde, ngonyaka ozayo izithelo zomvini ziyojabula ngokuvuna kwazo okuhle kakhulu. Yenza ukondla izimpande ekwindla ngezindlela eziningana.
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezimpande kufakwe kuphela ngokunisela emgodini, ukujula kwalo okulingana nokujula okuyinhloko, lapho izimpande eziyinhloko zitholakala khona. Khona-ke lesi sitshalo sinisela futhi. Izitshalo zisetshenziswe ngokucacile, njengoba kuchazwe kumilayezo. Futhi abaqalayo ebhizinisini lamagilebhisi kudingeka bahambisane nezincomo ezithile zabalimi abanolwazi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimpande ukusebenzisa okunjalo izinhlobo zemanyololike:
1. I-Organic.
2. I-nitrogen.
3. Amaminerali.
Impande ye-Organic yokugqoka
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokudla izimpande ukufakwa kwe-humus, umquba noma umquba emhlabathini. Inqubo enjalo kufanele yenziwe kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. I-Humus ifakwa emigodini engaphambi kokupheka phakathi kwemigqa.
Ungenza noma yikuphi ukukhulelwa okuphilayo. Amvinini namagilebhisi, nemfucuza ye-winemaking, nomquba, nomquba. Ngezinye izikhathi udaba oluxubile luxubene nama-fertilizer aqukethe i-phosphorus noma i-phosphorus ephelele ne-potassium. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-tomasshlak eyengeziwe, ufulawa we-phosphate. Okuwukuphela kokungalungi kokugqoka okunjalo kungukuthi umquba kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ziqala ukukhula okusebenzayo kokhula, okudingayo, okudingayo ukususwa okufika ngesikhathi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-nitrogen fertilizer
Kuhlanganisa ukusungulwa kwezimpande:
1. I-potassium sulphate;
2. Ammonium nitrate;
3. I-urea yama-synthetic;
4. Umlotha.
Njengoba izimpande zokugqoka ukutshala ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekubunjweni, okufaka phakathi i-potassium sulphate. Liyasetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabathini ngokuphendula okwenziwe nge-alkaline.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa komsebenzi we-potassium sulfate ammonium nitrate. Lezi zinhlayiya ezinkulu zikasawoti zivamhlophe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zinemibala ephuzi. Ukondla okunjalo kunikeza imiphumela emihle.
Ash liqukethe i-potassium eningi kanye nephesenti elincane le-phosphorus. Ikhululekile, ngoba itholakala ngokushisa izitshalo, amaqabunga, neziqu ezihlukahlukene. Amagilebhisi ashaya cishe amaphesenti angu-100. I-ash igcinwa kude nomswakama kanye namanzi.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-nitrogen fertilizer ukufakwa kwamagilebhisi i-synthetic urea. Isetshenziswa kakhulu. Iyanciphisa izinga lokukhula kwezitshalo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen oqukethe amanzi, i-ammonia, amanzi ammonia nezinye, ezigcinwe emanzini asepulasitiki.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu komsuka ngamaminerali amaminerali
Ama-fertilizer amaminerali asetshenziswa enhlabathini ewudinga. Inombolo yabo ixhomeke ekukhathaleni kwayo. Abakwa-Winegrowers basebenzisa ikakhulu i-ammonium sulfate, usawoti we-potassium kanye ne-superphosphate. Ithululela ngaphansi kwesihlahla, futhi amagilebhisi athululelwa phezu kwamanzi. I-potassium usawoti nayo ingeziwe. It isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Kanye naye, ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle, i-potassium sulphate nayo ibilisiwe ngaphansi kwezimpande.
Njengendlela yokugqoka izimpande, izinkuni zingasetshenziswa. Iqukethe eziningi ze-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Isikhathi
Futhi nini ukugqoka izimpande zomvini? Abanini bezandla balimazelela ukunikela ngaphambi kuka-Okthoba, njengoba lesi sitshalo kumele sibe nesikhathi sokwenza zonke izinto eziwusizo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar
Ngaphezu kokugqoka izimpande, ukugqoka ama-foliar kufanele kusetshenziswe ngamagilebhisi. Yenziwa ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwemivini emagilebhisi. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa isicelo se-foliar, amagilebhisi avumela kalula ubusika.
Kodwa, yini ukugqoka okuphezulu? Indlela nokuthi yini ongayidla ngayo amagilebhisi? Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi amagilebhisi athola izinto ezinikeza ukuphila ngezimpande, kodwa izinto eziwusizo nazo zingafika kuwo ngamaqabunga. Kungenxa yamaqabunga ukuthi ukudla kuza ngokugcwele, futhi kuthathwa ngokushesha.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar - Lokhu ukufafaza kwamagilebhisi amagilebhisi ngezinto eziwusizo.
Izithelo zomvini zikhula kangcono, zithuthuke kakhulu, zijabulisa ngokuvuna okucebile, zibekezelele amaqhwa ebusika kalula. Ngaphezu kokudla okunomsoco, kuyinto efiselekayo ngesikhathi esisodwa ukufafaza amagilebhisi ngokumelene nezifo ezifana ne-mildew ne-oidium.
Ngomsebenzi, kufanele ukhethe izinsuku ezinokuthula ngaphandle kwemimoya, ukuqala umsebenzi ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Kunconywa ukuthi kuqhutshwe ukudla okwenziwe nge-foliar ekwindla, njengoba amathuba okushisa ilanga ngesitshalo wehla. Ukushisa kwe-air acceptable kungama-degrees angu-18-22. Emazingeni okushisa ngezansi noma ngaphezulu kwesitshalo esivumelekile sibhekene nokuntuleka kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ngisho namabhethri ayidingayo ayengasondeli.
Ukugqoka ama-Foliar okuphezulu kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana: amagilebhisi angaphathwa ngekhambi elilungiselelwe le-superphosphate, i-ammonium sulfate, insimbi noma i-potassium usawoti.
Ukondla okunye kwezimpande ngamagilebhisi omanyolo
Imiphumela emihle inikeza:
1. Superphosphate;
2. i-Ash;
3. I-potassium usawoti;
4. I-Manganese.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isisombululo se-superphosphate esilungisiwe ngosuku, bese siphelile. Futhi izixazululo eziqukethe ama-fertilizer ezincane nezincane zifanelekile. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kakhulu umlotha, ohlanjululwe emanzini. I-Manganese nayo isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okuqhamukayo kokufaka umquba wokuphila. Wonke amaqabunga afafazwa ngesisombululo saso.
Ukudla nge-potassium usawoti kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa amathuba amagilebhisi ebusika obumnene, ukumelana nokubandayo, namajikijolo abe mnandi. Ukungabi nosawoti kuphazamisa umbala wamaqabunga, kuba yizintambo, emaphethelweni abo aqala ukufa.
Ukufaka umanyolo we-foliar ongahleliwe
Ukufafaza kwamagilebhisi asetshenziswayo:
1. Usawoti olungenalutho
2. Iron
3. Ammonium sulfate
Ukuze ugcwalise izimpahla zensimbi ekudleni okuphephile, izixazululo zisetshenziswa noma amaminerali angahlelekilenoma chelate yensimbi. Ukugcwalisa izimpahla zensimbi, abalimi basebenzisa inkohliso encane: ngaphansi kwezimpande zamagilebhisi bafaka izipikili ezinomsoco, lapho, uma zibola, zizofaka isimbi. Itholakala futhi ikhululekile.
Ukusitshalaliswa kwamagilebhisi isixazululo se-ammonium sulfate sisetshenziswa, okwenziwa kule isilinganiso: amalitha ayishumi amanzi ngamagremu ayishumi omanyolo.
Ukudla okunomsoco nge-micronutrient fertilizer
Abakwa-Winegrowers batusa ukusebenzisa i-zinc nethusi.
Ukusebenza kuyoba ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ze-zinc (i-sulfate noma i-zinc oxide) noma i-boron. Ukudla okunomsoco kuholela ekuvuneni okwenyukayo, kwandisa inani lezithelo ezifihlekile.
Olunye uhlobo lomanyolo onamafutha olusiza amahlumela amancane amagilebhisi ukukhuthazelela amaqhwa amakhulu aphilisa ngesisombululo sethusi. Ubekezela kalula kalula nesomiso sasehlobo.
Isikhathi
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokunakekelwa kwamaphilisi amaqanda kungukuqala kwekwindla, ingxenye yokuqala kaSeptemba, ngokushesha lapho isivuno sivuna. Ngalesi sikhathi isimo sesimo sezulu sisasenyakatho, asikho ukushisa kwehlobo, kanti isikhathi sezulu asikaqali.
Izici zokudla amagilebhisi
Njengoba wonke umuntu ekwazi, amagilebhisi azokhula kangcono, futhi akhule enhlabathini evundile. Ngokunakekelwa okusemthethweni kuphela umuntu angalindela isivuno esihle kuye. Kodwa emva kwenkathi ekhulayo, kusukela ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwefihlekile ukuvuna, ngisho nenhlabathi evundile kunazozonke ziphelile. Umhlaba ulahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo, udinga ukondliwa ngezakhi ezincane nezikhulu.
Amagilebhisi anikezwa ngezakhi ezahlukene, okubalulekile kuwo wonke, ngoba ahlala kuwo, asize ukukhula nokuthuthukisa. Kodwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ama-fertilizer ahlukene kufanele asetshenziswe. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, i-nitrogen ithunyelwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-phosphorus - entwasahlobo.
Izihlahla zamagilebhisi zidinga isithasiselo sevithamini, izinto ezifana nalezi:
1. I-nitrogen;
2. Phosphorus;
3. Potassium;
4. I-Copper;
5. I-boric acid.
Izidingo zomvini nitrogen Umanyolo entwasahlobo, ingxenye yesilinganiso sonyaka isetshenziswa, ehlobo - ingxenye yesine, kodwa ngo-Agasti, umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen kufanele uvinjelwe. Siyabonga, amaqabunga namahlumela aqala ukukhula. Abasimili basebenzisa urea ne-ammonium nitrate.
Siyabonga i-phosphorusKunconywa ukuba ulethe ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ikhwalithi kanye nenani lama-ovari liyathuthukiswa, livuthwe ngokulinganayo.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kokukwindla, bonke abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqhubeka ekwenzeni umanyolo we-potash njengokudla. Izithelo zomvini zibekezelela amahlumela nokubandayo kalula; inkathi ezayo ishesha isikhathi sokuvuna kwamagilebhisi.
Ama-berries ahlabelela ngokushesha futhi anambitha amnandi kakhulu, i-boric acid yanezelwa njengengubo ephezulu yokugqoka.
Ngaphandle komanyolo we-potash, isitshalo ekwindla futhi sondla ithusi. Iphakamisa amathuba amagilebhisi ebusika, isitshalo singakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa okuphansi. Ehlobo, ithusi lisiza ukuvikela amahlumela kusuka kwesomiso.
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi ekufakweni kwezimpande kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu, kufanele ubuke isitshalo, futhi ngokusho kwesimo saso sangaphandle kanye nesikhathi sonyaka, engeza izakhi eziyigugu kumagilebhisi.
Indlela yokwenza ukudla
Yebo, yini engaba lula kunokudla? Ekuboneni kokuqala, akukho okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kunemithetho nemigomo eminingi okufanele ilandelwe. Umsuka wokugqoka wangena emithonjeniabamba isigamu semitha esihlahleni, cishe amasentimitha angama-40 ejulile. Kulapho lapho umquba elala khona, futhi ufafaza ngendwangu yomhlaba.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu akukwazi ukufakwa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo, kulokhu, ngeke sithole amavithamini okuzala okudingekayo ngakho, futhi yonke imizamo iyoba yize. Ukuze uthole imiphumela ekhiqizayo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kulethwe kahle ngaphansi kwezimpande, lapho inqwaba yomswakama iqoqwa khona. Kulesi simo, ukugqoka izimpande eziphezulu akusilo kahle. Yondla ushintsho ngokusungulwa kwama-fertilizer ayisisekelo.
Uma umgomo wakho ukuqoqa izinga eliphezulu nokuvunwa okuphezulu, khona-ke ukudla kwamagilebhisi kuzoba yisisekelo sokunakekelwa kwesitshalo, okungekho nhlobo
