Isitshalo seqanda kuma-Urals kunzima kakhulu ukukhula. Le mifino idinga ihlobo elide nelifudumele, kepha inyanga yehlobo ngempela, empeleni, eyodwa - Julayi. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo seqanda is etshalwa ikakhulu zokugcina izithombo: ukufuthelwa futhi evamile. Vele, ungatshala nezinhlobo zakuqala emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha lapha - unenhlanhla kanjani. Kodwa-ke, uma uzama, ungasusa isimo sezulu esibi.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Urals
Ukuxhumanisa imiqondo ye- "Ural" ne "isitshalo seqanda", akumele sikhulume ngeNyakatho ye-Urals, kepha mayelana nezindawo zokuhlala ezintofontofo njengezindawo zaseKurgan, Orenburg noma Chelyabinsk. Yebo, kunesimo sezulu esibuhlungu samazwekazi, kepha ihlobo likhona, futhi lilungele ukumba emibhedeni.
Njengoba isitshalo seqanda sinesikhathi eside sokukhula, izinhlobo ezingakalwa noma zokuqala zakuqala kuphela ezingatshalwa e-Urals. Egreenhouse elihle, ungatshala kokubili ekuqaleni kwamaphakathi ngisho nokuvuthwa okuphakathi, kepha kuzodinga ukushiya ngokucophelela okuthe xaxa eduze kokuwa. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo yama-isitshalo seqanda, futhi eziningi zazo zinconywa yiRegista Yombuso YaseRussian Federation ukuze itshalwe kuyo yonke imikhakha yesimo sezulu.
Isitshalo seqanda somhlaba ovulekile
Manje uma usuthengisiwe uvame ukuthola hhayi izinhlobo zama-eggplant, kepha inzalo (F1), futhi endaweni yokulima eyingozi ithembeke kakhulu, kepha ezinye izinhlobo ezifanelwe kahle kahle ziyakhula futhi zithele izithelo kahle. E-Urals, kunzima ukukhulisa ama-eggplants emhlabathini ovulekile; ngokufika okunjalo, umuntu kufanele akhethe uhlobo lokuqala noma oluningi kakhulu lwasendulo kanye nzalo.
- I-Agate F1 iyi-hybrid ekhiqiza amandla amaningi. Ngenxa yesizini emfushane kakhulu sokukhula, mhlawumbe ungukuphela kokumelela inzalo, imbewu elungiselelwe lapho ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo ingahlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa ngaphansi kwefilimu. Ngisho nakuma-Urals, ngaphambi kokuqala kwawo kokuqala, izithelo zawo eziningana zivuthiwe kulolo vivinyo. Izithelo ze-agate zombala ojwayelekile wesitshalo seqanda, enesisindo esingu-200-250 g, isivuno esikhulu. I-hybrid iyamelana nezifo.
Ungazama ngisho nokutshala i-agate ngqo engadini, inesikhathi esifushane sokukhula
- I-Emerald F1 - isitshalo seqanda esinephunga elinamandla nokunambitheka kwamakhowe, imelana kakhulu nezifo, futhi ijwayele ukubekezelela ukubanda. Ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuye ekutholeni izithelo zokuqala, kudlula izinsuku eziyi-100-110. Ziluhlaza okotshani, ezinesisindo esingaba ngu-300 g. Kubhekwa njenge-hybrid engavikeleki kakhulu, ithela izithelo kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu.
- INkosi yaseNorth F1 - ekwazi ukukhiqiza izilimo ngisho nakumaqondo okushisa aphansi kakhulu; ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ayithandi ukushisa okukhulu. Ukukhiqiza kwizithombo zokugcina izithombo kufinyelela ku-14 kg / m2, endaweni evulekile ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubukhali kwezimo zezulu, cishe isigamu. Ukusuka kuzithombo kuya ekuvuneni kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Izithelo zikhulu, zinde kakhulu futhi zincane, ukunambitheka kujwayelekile, ngaphandle kwama-frills.
INkosi yaseNyakatho - isitshalo seqanda esakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimo ezimbi kakhulu
- IVera yizinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenziselwa indawo yonke, ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi. Isikhathi kusuka ekuhlumeni okuphelele kuya ekuvuneni izinsuku eziyi-100-118 kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezinconyelwe isifunda sase-Ural. Amabhishi acwebile, izithelo ezimise okwenziwe ngethanga, ezinesisindo esingu-120-200 g, zinesethulo esihle. Ukukhiqiza kuzinzile, kepha kuncane.
- Umdabuko ekuqaleni kuka-921 - uhlobo lokuqala lokuvuthwa, ngemuva kokuhluma, izithelo zivunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-100. Amahlathi ahlanganisiwe impela, izithelo zincane, zinesisindo esingama-120 g, yokunambitheka okuhle. Ukukhiqiza kuphansi.
Umbethe ekuqaleni - enye yezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ezithandwa kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenyakatho
- I-quartet isitshalo seqanda esivele savuthwa, savuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-107 kuya ku-122 ngemuva kokuvela. Amabheshi angaphakeme kuno-60 cm, izithelo zefomu elifushwe njenge-pearl, ngaphandle kwe-gloss, enesisindo esingaphansi kwe-100 g. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo eziningi kanye nesimo sezulu esomile.
- I-Adamant ingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo singaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuhluma. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-isitshalo seqanda singama-250-300 g, ukwakheka kuyindilinga, mhlophe ngemivimbo ekhanyayo onsomi ngombala ophakathi nendawo. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene, ukuvuthwa okuhle kwesitshalo.
- IFabina F1 ingenye yezindlela zokuvuthwa zokuqala zakuqala .. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izithelo zinganambitha kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili emva kokuvela, e-Urals, isikhathi sibambezeleka sifinyelela ezinyangeni ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-3,5. Amahlathi aphansi, aze afike ku-60 cm, izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-200 g, ubude, kufinyelela ku-23 cm. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo cishe azithinti i-spider mite, futhi izifo zesikhunta azesabi.
UFabina - uqine ngesimo sezithelo ne-isitshalo seqanda esimnandi
Isitshalo seqanda abamba ukushisa
Izinhlobo ezivuthwa sekwephuzile e-Urals azivuthi ngisho ku-greenhouse, ngakho-ke, nalapha, sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezikude nesikhathi sokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo kuyadingeka ukutshala lezo zinhlobonhlobo ukuthi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, ezingaphenduli kahle ekushintshashintsheni okubukhali kwesimo sezulu, kepha zivelisa kakhulu futhi zinezimpawu zokunambitheka eziphakeme.
- IGiselle F1 iyi-hybrid engatshalwa yomibili ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Lesi sitshalo siphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-170-190 cm, sinwebekile, okulungele ukukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa: indawo ende yokulondolozwa kwamabhishi. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, isivuno saso singama-11.6-17.6 kg / m2. Izithelo ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-400 g, cylindrical ngesimo, zinesethulo esihle kakhulu, zigcinwa kahle. Isivuno sokuqala sisezinsukwini ezingama-107-117 ngemuva kokuhluma okugcwele.
IGiselle yi-hybrid ethandwa kakhulu; ikhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegreenhouse.
- UMaria uluhlobo lokuqala oluvunayo oluphezulu; kuma-Urals angatshalwa kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Amabhasi amade, asakazeka kabili. Ukumelana nezifo kanye nezinguquko zokushisa kuphezulu. Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical, cishe ngaphandle kwe-gloss, yobude obimpunga, enesisindo esingama-200 g. Nambitha isivuno esihle, isivuno esiphakathi.
- Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kuka-148 kuyizinhlobo zakudala, ezaziwayo. Kufanelekile kuwo wonke umhlaba ovulekile namahholo okugcina izithombo. Amabhasi agcotshisiwe, acwebile. Izithelo sezikulungele ukuvuna ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-110 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Isivuno sincane, izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-100-200 g, zibunjiwe. Ukungazithobi ezimweni ezikhulayo.
- IDayimane iyinhlobonhlobo yaphakathi nesizini, ingenye edume kakhulu ezweni lethu, ekhula kusukela ngonyaka we-1983. Isikhathi esivela ekuhlolweni kuya ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe izinsuku ezingama-109-149, lesi sikhathi kuncike kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo. Isihlahla siphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-45-55. Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical, enesisindo esingu-100-150 g, ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Izithelo eziphansi zithinta umhlabathi. Ukumelana kahle nezifo. Ezindaweni ezifudumele kakhulu, itshalwa endaweni evulekile, ema-Urals atshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokuvuthwa.
IDayimane - isitayela embusweni wamaqanda
- I-Nutcracker F1 iyi-hybrid ephakathi nendawo yasekuqaleni, emide ngokulinganayo. Izithelo zivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-98 kuya kwezingu-50 ngemuva kokuhluma okugcwele.Izithelo zikhulu, zisezingeni eliphakeme ngesimo, zinesisindo esingu-250-350 g, ukunambitheka okuhle. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuhamba kancane, isivuno siphakeme kakhulu: esiphezulu -19.5 kg / m2.
- I-Valentine F1 - i-hybrid evuthiwe yakuqala, ende. Izithelo zesimo sethanga eliphakeme, ezinesisindo esingu-200-250 g, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza kuphansi, ukumelana nezifo kulungile.
IValentina iyi-hybrid engakhanyi ngobungako besilimo, kodwa enezithelo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu.
- IVicar iyinhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala, ikhula emahlathini aphansi, ifinyelela kuzithelo ezi-15 ezinesisindo esingu-80-150 g, ngaphandle kokukhanya. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ngezinsuku ezingama-114 ngemuva kokuhluma okugcwele. Ubunzima ekubuyiseni okunobungane kwesitshalo nokumelana nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Kuma-Urals, ukutshala amaqanda amaqanda kuyinkinga ngoba lesi sitshalo sinemfuno esemqoka - ihlobo elide nelifudumele. Kuyiqiniso, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ikakhulukazi ezivuthayo, ungakha lokushisa oludingekayo, kodwa noma imiphi imifino ithola ukunambitheka kwayo kwangempela elangeni. Futhi ilanga lidingeka kakhulu isitshalo seqanda. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi bazama ukutshala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa kuma-Urals kufanele ambozwe ngefilimu iningi lesikhathi sokukhula.
Ngokuyisisekelo, kuma-Urals, ama-eggplant atshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kodwa noma kunjalo, kulokhu izithombo azikwazi ukusatshalaliswa: ngisho nezinhlobo zakuqala kufanele zichithwe cishe izinyanga ezimbili ezimweni ezintofontofo zasekhaya, kanti ama-eggplant azoqhakaza aqine kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, yonke lendaba ngokutshala kwabo iqala ebusika, lapho ngoFebhuwari beqala ukulungiselela konke ukuhlwanyelwa, bese kuthi lapho sekuphele inyanga kuhlanyelwe imbewu yezithombo.
E-Urals, abahlali abajwayelekile behlobo bavula inkathi yengadi ngamaholide kaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi futhi akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ngomhlabathi, kodwa vele kuyadingeka ukuqala ukulungiselela imibhede yokufaka isitshalo seqanda. Ngakho-ke, bebelokhu bekwenza lokhu kusukela ekuweni. Kulesi siko, imibhede kufanele ifudumale, nenhlabathi kuyo inomsoco kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukwenza umanyolo omningi, ikakhulukazi i-organic. Kufakwa okungenani amabhakede ama-humus noma womquba kanye nengqimba yethre yezinkuni nge-1 m², kanye nesipuni se-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate.
Lapho ukukhula isitshalo seqanda ngaphandle humus okuhle ngeke akwenze
Ngaphezu kothando lokushisa nokukhanya, kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokwakheka kwenhlabathi, ama-eggplant adinga umswakama omningi. Nisela kaningi futhi okuningi. Imigqa yamaqanda amaqanda kufanele ibekwe ukusuka enyakatho iye eningizimu ukuze kukhanyiswe kangcono nokushisa yilanga. Izinto ezandula kakhulu ukufaka isitshalo seqanda iklabishi, u-anyanisi, ithanga nezitshalo zikabhontshisi. Ungazitshale ngemuva kwamatamatisi, upelepele namazambane.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ukukhulisa izithombo ze-eggplant akuwona umsebenzi olula, le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kunokulungiselela izithombo zamatamatisi ngisho nopelepele, yize kungafaki noma yiziphi izikhathi ezikhethekile.
Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda kanjani izithombo
Imbewu yamaqanda, ikakhulukazi eyomile, ihluma isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi imbewu elungiselelwe kahle ihluma ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi ngasikhathi sinye. Izithombo zokuqala zingavela ezinsukwini ezingama-7-8, bese kuvela ezinye izinsuku eziyi-10 ngokulandelayo. Ukulungiselela imbewu nenhlabathi yokutshala izithombo kuqala ebusika.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo esifundeni sase-Ural ukuphela kukaFebhuwari. Le nkathi icishe izimele ekutheni isivuno sizothukululwa yini emhlabathini ovulekile noma ovaliwe. E-Urals, noma ngabe yikuphi, izithombo zezithombo kuzofanele zitshalwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuthi abamba ukushisa kube maphakathi noma ukuphela kukaMeyi. Futhi izithombo ezingcono kakhulu zalezi zindawo sezivele zinamahlamvu. Kuyiqiniso, izithombo zingatshalwa ku-greenhouse evuthayo ngisho ngo-Ephreli, kepha kunzima ukuyipheka ngisho nasebusika ngisho nasekhaya: akukho ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyadingeka, futhi kupholile kakhulu kufasitela ebusika.
Ukuhlwanyela ukulungiselela
Isitshalo seqanda sihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emabhodweni amakhulu we-peat. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha badinga isikhala esiningi ku-windowsill. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni zivame ukuhlwanyelwa ebhokisini elincane elijwayelekile, kuthi ngemuva kokukhula kwezithombo, kudonswe ezimbizeni. Kodwa-ke, ama-eggplant akasabeli kahle ekukhetheni, emisa ukukhula isikhathi eside, abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela imbewu ezinkomishini ezincane ezihlukile, futhi njengoba izithombo zikhula, bayidlulisela ezimbizeni ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwezimpande.
Uma kukhona i-peat nesihlabathi, inhlabathi yezinhlanyelo ingenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuxuba inhlabathi yengadi kanye nokuhlafunwa ngesigamu bese ifaka amaphesenti ayishumi esihlabathi. Cishe i-50 g yanoma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi nengxenyeni ethile yomlotha wokhuni ufakwa ngokushesha kubhakela lomxube. Inhlabathi ephumela lapho kufanele ibulawe amagciwane ngokuwuthululela ngesixazululo pinki se-potanganum permanganate. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhulisa inani elincane lezithombo, kulula ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo.
Imbewu nayo iyabulawa magciwane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, isebenzisa isisombululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate. Ukubulala amagciwane imbewu kuthatha imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, ngemuva kwalokho ukuvinjwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile kuyimpoqo. Kuyelulekwa ukwenza lukhuni imbewu esiqandisini (ethambeni elimanzi izinsuku ezingama-3-4).
Ukhubaza inhlabathi, udinga isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (ngakwesokudla), nakuzo imbewu - isixazululo esiqinile (ngakwesobunxele)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukwelapha imbewu yama-isitshalo seqanda kanye nesishukumisi sokukhula, le nqubo ikhulisa ukuhluma kwembewu futhi iqinise izitshalo ezizayo. Ungasebenzisa i-Epin-Extra noma i-Zircon, ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo. Abanye abalimi bahlwanyela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kodwa lokhu akudingekile: ungahlwanyela ngokushesha ngemuva kwesiqandisi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ingxube yenhlabathi elungiselelwe ithululelwa kwizilazi ezincane (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ukhilimu omuncu).
- Hlela izinkomishi zezinhlamvu ezi-2-3.
Imbewu ingafakwa nje emhlabathini, noma emigodini
- Silala ngesendlalelo senhlabathi cishe ngo-1.5 cm.
- Ngaphezulu, ungabeka ungqimba lweqhwa ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Inyibilika, igcwala umhlabathi ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi eqhwa enza kusebenze izinqubo zokukhula kahle.
Amanzi eqhwa yiwo okunisela okuhle kwezitshalo
- Simboza izinkomishi ngengilazi noma ifilimu esobala bese sibeka endaweni efudumele, izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuvela liyadingeka 25-28 ° C. Uma inhlabathi yoma ngaphambi kokuqhuma, kufanele ifafazwe ngokucophelela ngamanzi.
Ifilimu yakha umphumela omuhle wokugcina ukushisa.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Lapho kuvela izithombo, izingilazi kufanele ziphinde zihlelwe kabusha kusitholi sewindows esihle, esinokushisa okungu-16-18 ° С. Le ndlela iyadingeka isikhathi esingangesonto, khona-ke izinga lokushisa landa kancane kancane laya ku-23-25 ° C bese lishiywe kanjalo kuze kube sekupheleni kokutshala izithombo. Izithombo ezimbi kakhulu zisuswa ngokucophelela, zishiya endebeni eyodwa, eqinile.
Izithombo ziniselwa ngamanzi axazululiwe okushisa kwe-30-32 mayelanaUkusuka ezikhathini ezi-1-2 ngesonto, kepha ngokulinganisa: ukusuka ekuxotsheni kwenhlabathi, ubungozi bokukhula komlinganiso womlenze omnyama uyanda. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi nambili ngemuva kokuhluma inika ukugqoka okuphezulu okubuthakathaka: isipuni esingu-1 sanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-nitrogen ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Izithombo zikhula ngokungalingani, futhi ukushintshana ngamabhodwe amakhulu kumele kwenziwe ngokukhetha. Kulokhu, kufanele uzame ukukhipha isihlahla enkomishini nawo wonke umhlabathi otholakalayo. Umthamo ophelele weziqukathi zempilo elandelayo yezithombo icishe ilitha, inhlabathi iyafana nezibuko. Izitshalo ezenziwa ngesandla ngaphandle kokujula, amasampula kuphela aqine kakhulu angatshalwa ngokujula kunokuba akhula ezinkomishini.
Noma yini imbiza eyenziwe isitshalo seqanda eyenziwe ngayo, kumele ibe nkulu
Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokususa izithombo zingene emibhedeni ziyazifudumeza, zikukhiphe ekuqaleni kuvulandi ekuqaleni kwesikhashana. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa akufanele liphansi kakhulu: 12-14 mayelanaI-C yezithombo selivele selanele. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa kahle. Ilungele ukutshala izithombo kufanele ibe nokuphakama okungama-20-25 cm namaqabunga amakhulu angama-5-8 aluhlaza. Uma ama-buds asevele evele - kuhle kakhulu.
Ukudlulisa izithombo kubhede
Lapho kukhula ama-amaqanda amaqanda e-Urals ku-greenhouse, ungawatshala lapho ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kepha ajwayele ukwenza lokhu cishe ngoMeyi 20. Ngokuntuleka kokushisa, ngaphezu kwalokho amboze ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukutshala izithombo lapha kungahlelelwa kungakabi maphakathi noJuni, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala kahle. Futhi ngisho ngalesi sikhathi, ama-arcs kufanele afakwe, ambozwe ngefilimu, abese efakwa esikhundleni nge-spanbond, futhi ekupheleni kukaJuni azokhipha indawo yokukhosela kuphela phakathi nosuku.
Ukufakelwa
Kungenzeka ukutshala izithombo ze-eggplant engadini kuphela lapho inhlabathi isifudumeze okungenani eyi-15 mayelanaC. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuma-Urals ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokulungiselela umbhede wokulungiselela nokuqala. Kwama-eggplants kuyadingeka ukwakha imibhede efudumele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle, evaliwe emimoyeni ebandayo.
Ehlobo eledlule, umgodi walungiswa ngokujula kuka-20-25 cm kanye nobude nobubanzi bemibhede ezayo. Kubekwa imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene organic kuyo: ukhuni, amacembe, amagatsha ezihlahla, utshani obunjiwe, udoti wasendlini, njll. Ngezikhathi ezithile, inisela konke nge-infusions ye-mullein noma imidwebo yenkukhu. Autumn alala ekuqaleni inhlabathi isuswe.
Izinhlangothi zemibhede ephakeme ephumayo ihlanganiswe nanoma yiziphi izinto ezibonakalayo. Entwasahlobo, umbhede ufafazwa kahle ngomlotha wezinkuni futhi uchithe ngamanzi afudumele ngokufakwa kwe-mullein.Ngemuva kokunisela, amboze ngefilimu ukuze uvuthwe inhlabathi. Ngosuku olwandulela ukuthutha izithombo, inhlabathi iyakhululwa, bese kwenziwa izimbobo zobukhulu obudingekayo. Iphethini yokutshala incike ezinhlobonhlobo, kepha phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele kungabi ngaphansi kwama-35 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-70 cm.
Emahlahleni kungenzeka kube namaqabunga ama-4 kuphela, kepha kumele kube yisitshalo esiqinile, futhi kufanele idluliselwe emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izimpande
Lapho ukutshala, izithombo azingcwatshwa, zitshalwa ngqo, ngaphandle kokubekwa. Izimbiza ze-Peat zitshalwa kanye nezithombo, ezivela ezitshalweni ezingezona ezinokwelashwa zidluliselwa ngakho konke okuqukethwe ebhodweni. Kufanelekile ukuhlinzeka ngezikhonkwane ngokushesha, uma izihlahla ngokuzayo zidinga i-garter. Izithombo engadini ziyaniselwa ngamanzi afudumele, inhlabathi ibanjiswe. Qinisekisa ukumboza ingadi ngefilimu.
Ukutshala Kokushisa Kwendawo
Isitshalo seqanda ku-Urals kuvame ukuthi kutshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ikakhulukazi i-polycarbonate, izinga lokushisa elidingekayo lifinyelelwa bona kusenesikhathi impela. Kepha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokutshala, lungiselela imibhede ngokucophelela. Ekwindla, yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo iyasuswa bese inhlabathi ibekwa. Uma bekukhona izifo zezitshalo, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni ngokuphelele inhlabathi yonke. Ekwindla, bambe umhlaba ngomanyolo.
Entwasahlobo, isonto ngaphambi kokufakelwa, ingadi iniselwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-sulfate yethusi futhi imbozwe ifilimu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-1-2, ifilimu iyasuswa bese inhlabathi ivunyelwe ukufinyelela esimweni lapho izokwazi ukusebenza nayo. Ukhululwe kahle, udalulwe nge-rake futhi watshala izithombo. Amaphethini wokutshala ayalingana nangaphandle kwegreenhouse. Ezinhlotsheni ezinde ungafaka isicelo se-Checkerboard fit.
Ividiyo: ukutshala isitshalo seqanda emibhedeni
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu engadini
Ngisho naseningizimu yezwe lethu, lapho kukhula ama-amaqanda amaqanda, akuvamisile ukwenza ngaphandle kwezithombo. E-Urals, lokhu akunangqondo, noma ungakuzama ngokukhetha inzalo yokuqala yokuqala. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo akunanjongo enkulu ngomhlabathi ongavikelekile.
Ukuthola isivuno se-isitshalo seqanda sokuqala, imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe engadini ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umbhede wengadi kumele ulungiselelwe ngokuphelele ekwindla, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokukhosela yamafilimu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-10 cm kufanele ifudumale kuze kufike okungenani ku-15 ° C. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala kufanele uthele umbhede ngamanzi ashisayo, bese uyimboza izinsuku eziningana ngefilimu.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kakhulu: umthamo wazo wokuhluma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kanjalo uzokwehla kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Emigqeni ehlelwe ngemuva kuka-50-60 cm, imbewu ihlwanyelwa njalo emva kuka-60-6 cm. Ngemuva kokuvela, izithombo zinwetshwe amahlandla ambalwa, zisusa izinhlobonhlobo ezibuthaka kakhulu. Ifilimu lisuswa kuphela lapho ihlobo lamanje.
Ukunakekelwa okuningana
Isitshalo seqanda emva kokufakelwa ekuqaleni ukukhula kancane kancane, ukukhula kuqala kuphela emva kwamasonto amabili. Kula masonto amabili, udinga kuphela ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi inhlabathi imanzi futhi inenkohliso. Ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kufaka ukuthambisa, ukugqoka phezulu, ukukhulula nokwenza amahlathi.
Isitshalo seqanda emhlabathini ovulekile
Kungani udinga izimbiza ezinkulu zezithombo? Yebo, uma bekukhona isikhala esanele sokumbamba ekhaya isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu, kuze kube yilapho esetha ama-buds. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba namathuba amaningi wokuthi enkundleni evulekile kuzofika isivuno esivamile. Kuvela ukuthi ukudubula ifilimu kusuka kuma-arcs e-Urals kuphela ngoJulayi. Ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, amaqanda amaqanda avuleka phakathi nosuku, kepha abuyisele indawo yokukhosela ebusuku. Futhi ngo-Agasti, ukupholisa kungabuya futhi, futhi izitshalo zizophinda zidinge ukugoqa: hhayi njalo, kepha ngokuhla okucacile kwezinga lokushisa.
Ifilimu kuma-Urals ayikaze isuswe kude kangako
Ukunisela kuyadingeka njalo: inhlabathi embhedeni nge isitshalo seqanda kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane. Iniselwa ngamanzi afudunyeziwe elangeni, ngaphansi kwempande. Kuze kube kuvuleke ukuqhuma, ingadi iniselwa kanye ngesonto: ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ichitha cishe imitha eli-1 ngebhakede lamanzi2. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, khaxa amanzi. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye noma imvula, ukutshala kwenziwa, kuhambisana nokubhujiswa kokhula.
Ukufaka isitshalo seqanda kuma-Urals akusetshenziswa. Kuze kube yilapho izithelo zibekiwe, ukugqoka phezulu akwenziwa, kepha bese kunikezwa kabili ngenyanga. Ekuqaleni, kusetshenziswa ama-infusions we-mullein noma eye-droppings, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula ngamandla kwezithelo, akudingekile ukunikeza i-nitrogen, ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa kuphela i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Ungangena esikhundleni sokufaka umanyolo wezimbiwa ngokufakwa ukumlotha kwezinkuni.
Ukwakheka kwamabhishi endaweni evulekile esifundeni sase-Ural akuhilelekile. Kodwa-ke, lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ku-40 cm, zincipha phezulu. Emva kwalokho, kuphela inani lama-ovaries elenziwa lifane nelijwayelekile, kungashiyi izinhlobo ezingama-5-6 ezinkulu kakhulu esihlahleni. Ngemuva kokususa ama-ovari owengeziwe, zonke izimbali ezisanda kwakhiwa ziyanqunywa. Hlukana namaqabunga, umboze izithelo elangeni.
Isitshalo seqanda ku abamba ukushisa
Ama-eggplants e-Urals nawo adinga ukunakekelwa okungakhathali ku-greenhouse: ngisho nasendaweni evikelekile, impumelelo yomcimbi incike kwisimo sezulu samanje. Isitshalo seqanda sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokushisa kwangempela, okuzinzile. Ukukhanyiswa yilanga kufanele kube phezulu, futhi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse kufanele libe ngu-25-30 mayelanaC, cishe lapho kungashintshashintshi ngokushintshashintsha kwezisu. Futhi uma esimweni sezulu esishisayo ku-greenhouse ungaligcina kalula izinga lokushisa ngokumane uvule iwindi neminyango, khona-ke kusafanele uwavale ebusuku.
Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke ukutshala ama-amaqanda amaqanda e-Urals, ukufika ekotishi kuphela ngezimpelasonto.
Ukunisela endaweni ebamba ukushisa kudinga njalo kakhulu ngaphandle kwangaphandle. Uhlobo lokudla alufani nalutho lapho lukhula endaweni evulekile, kepha ukwakheka kwezihlahla kuyadingeka. Lapho isitshalo seqanda sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angama-30, sinamathisela phezulu esiqwini esikhulu, bese amahlumela aseceleni eqala ukukhula. Bangashiya izingcezu ezi-4-5. Qiniseka ukuthi ususa wonke amaqabunga aphuzi, kanye namaqabunga amboza izithelo ukukhanya.
Ku-greenhouse, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudalula izithelo, ubanikeze ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka
Ku-greenhouse, impova yokufakelwa eyengeziwe yezimbali nayo ifiselekayo, eyenziwa ngokudlulisa impova kusuka kwesinye imbali iye kwesinye kuya ngebhulashi. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu lapho umswakama ku-greenhouse uphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Izithelo ze-eggplant e-Urals azilungele ukukha kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Esimweni sezulu esikahle sasehlobo, emhlabathini ovulekile esihlahleni awukwazi ukuqoqa izithelo ezingaphezulu kwezingu-5-7, kuthi endaweni ebamba ukushisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhiqize inani elikhulu. Ama-eggplants asuswa esigabeni sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe: kumele akhule abe usayizi oyilo lwezinhlobonhlobo, athole umbala oyifunayo, futhi athole inyama enempilo edliwayo. Imbewu esesigabeni sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe isemhlophe, ithambile ekuthinteni, ingavuthiwe ngokuphelele. Ukuvuna kufanele kususwe masonto onke, kungcono ukusika izithelo ngama secateurs, kanye ne-peduncle. Ama-eggplant amakhulu aseqile alungele imbewu kuphela.
Isitshalo seqanda igcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu: le nkathi ayifinyeleli enyangeni. Kufanele zigcinwe kanye neziqu, izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngasikhathi sinye 1-2 mayelanaC, umswakama wesihlobo 85-90%. Njengoba kunzima ukuzigcina, zizama ukucubungula izithelo ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokususwa.
Ividiyo: Ukuvuna I-Eggplant
E-Urals, ihlobo lifushane kakhulu, alanele ngokuphelele ukukhula kwamaqanda ama-eggplant emhlabathini ovulekile. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala okuhlaza okotshani imvamisa kuholela empumelelweni eqinisekisiwe. Kodwa ngisho nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezitshalwe izinhlobo ezivuthiwe kanye nzalo ehlukahlukene, futhi ngisho nokutshala ubamba ngokudinga ukushisa kudinga umzamo omkhulu nomzamo.
