I-anyanisi-batun yimifino yaphakade enikeza ngokuqhubekayo imifino yamavithamini etafuleni lethu. Kulula kakhulu ukukhula ukuthi uma usuxazulule i-batun engadini, ungakwazi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvuselela okutshalekile, futhi kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuphepha kwabo ngaphandle kwezimo zeFar North. IBatun isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izitsha, kepha into esemqoka yimifino yakuqala, ebonakala njengenye yokuqala.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Onion-batun isitshalo esi-herbaceous esingakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphandle, esivandeni, kubukeka njengezitshalo eziningi zika-anyanisi: amaqabunga afanayo amahle aluhlaza ngombala, ovame ukubizwa nangokuthi yi-anyanisi yekhilikithi. IsiShayina futhi igama laso, ngoba eChina naseJapan, nakwezinye izindawo eSiberia, lukhula endle.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani no-anyanisi owaziwa kahle, akukho okungathatha ukudla ngaphansi kwe-batun: u-anyanisi mncane kakhulu, futhi, noma, kunalokho, hhayi isibani, kepha kuphela ukuqina okuncane. Ngokomqondo, kuyadliwa, kepha kusetshenziswa kuphela amaqabunga ukudla. Ziqukethe izinto eziningi ezilusizo zomzimba womuntu: ushukela, amafutha abalulekile, amavithamini, izinto zokulandela umkhondo.
Okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid emaqabungeni e-anyanisi-batun kuphindeke kabili ukuphakama njengamaqabunga anyanisi ajwayelekile.
I-anyanisi-batun ngaphandle kwezinkinga ikhula ngaphandle kokufakelwa iminyaka eminingana, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele iminyaka engu-5-6 kuye "akuwona umnqamulajuqu." Kodwa-ke, lapho-ke kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukunakekela amathanga, futhi nokutshala kuyavuselelwa. Ezindaweni zezulu ezinesimo sezulu esinzima, kwesinye isikhathi itshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kodwa indawo esemqoka yokuhlala ingumhlaba ovulekile, lapho izizwa imnandi kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Ukubhalwa okuningana kwe-batun kuyaziwa (ubusika baseRussia, iJapan, njll.), Futhi isiRussia kubhekwa njengokulwelwa kakhulu yiqhwa: lingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-30 ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala mayelanaC, namaqabunga ngesikhathi sokukhula - kufinyelela ku -8 mayelanaC. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial uqala ukukhulisa amaqabunga awo lapho nje amazinga okushisa entwasahlobo ethatha amanani amahle, okungukuthi, ngemuva nje kokuqhibilika kweqhwa.
Noma umswakama owandisiwe noma ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuyimbi i-batun, azizwa ungakhululekile kuphela ngesomiso isikhathi eside. Naphezu kobunjalo besikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi butshalwa esikweni lonyaka. Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala unikeza isivuno esihle samaqabunga aluhlaza amnandi, akhule ngosayizi omncane kunamaqabunga anyanisi: ukuphakama kwawo kuze kube ngu-40 cm ngebanga elingamasentimitha angama-2-3. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ngezimpande zawo ezikhulisiwe ezingasakazeka ngaphakathi nangaphandle kuze kube ngu-40 cm.
Izitshalo zika-anyanisi zibukeka zinamandla: zinamaqabunga amakhulu nezimpande ezinde
Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali kwenduku kuyinikeza ukunambitheka okuthile okuvuthayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokwesibonelo, ngemichilo, i-batun ayimnandi kancane, kepha futhi inobubele futhi ayisebenzi kangako. Ukukhishwa kwijusi yale anyanisi kusetshenziswa ngisho nasekhemisi, ngoba kusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Emithini yaseChina, i-batun ibhekwa njengekhambi lezifo ezahlukahlukene, inomphumela omuhle wokubulala amagciwane.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, njengakweminye imifino eluhlaza, okuqukethwe kwekhalori ya-anyanisi kuphansi. Inani layo lokudla lakhiwe, okokuqala, ezimeni zokwelapha. IBatun ilusizo kubantu abanokusebenza okulimazayo kwezitho eziningi zangaphakathi: izinso, isibindi, inhliziyo. Kusetshenziselwa i-gout, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isisu, njll., Kuyindlela yokuhlwaya kahle umzimba. Akunconyelwanga i-batun, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-anyanisi oluhlaza, kubantu abanezifo zesisu, i-pancreatitis, i-gastritis.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi
Kunezinhlobo eziyishumi eziningana ze-anyanisi, kepha umehluko ezakhiweni zabathengi mncane. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zinikeza imifino yokwakheka okufanayo kwamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyefana. Umehluko ubangelwa isivuno, izinsuku zokuvuna kanye nobunzima bokunambitheka. Ezinye izinhlobo ziningi, ezinye azinawo amandla ezifweni. Zonke izinhlobo zinconywa kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu.
Amarekhodi okuqala Kwirejista Yezwe Yombuso WaseRussia ezinhlotsheni zalesi siko avela ngonyaka we-1981, awokugcina abhalwa ngonyaka wamanje we-2018. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezinamagama okukhulunywa ngawo u-Ephreli noMeyi zaziphakathi kokubhaliswa okokuqala.
- Ngo-Ephreli uhlobo lwesaladi oluvuthiwe lokuqala. Amaqabunga ahlala ethambile futhi enoshukela isikhathi eside, ngokunambitheka okubukhali. Isivuno sihle: isisindo sesitshalo singafinyelela ku-300 g. Ukumelana nesifo kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ephreli - enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile ze-batun
- UMaisky - izinhlobonhlobo zilungele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli. Le nhlobonhlobo nayo ayithinteki yisifo, futhi inika isivuno esikhulu sotshani, kepha izimpaphe zincane futhi ukunambitheka kubukhali. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwezithombo kuya ekufeni kwezimpaphe kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5.
I-Maisky iyi-batun ehlukahlukene sekwephuzile, ingeyoyizinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo
- I-Long Tokyo iyinhlobonhlobo entsha sha yaphakathi nenkathi, ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-60, inika amaqabunga aluhlaza mnyama ngombala omfushane. Amaqabunga wokunambitheka kakhulu, ukukhiqiza kuphansi. Kukhule ubulukhuni bebusika.
I-Long Tokyo - izinhlobo ezinde
- I-Tenderness - ibanga lesaladi lokuvuthwa okuphakathi: amaqabunga alungele ukusika inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuqala kobuhlakani. Amaqabunga mancane: afinyelela ku-35 cm ubude futhi angabi ngaphezu kuka-13 mm ububanzi; Ubuningi besitshalo buba ngama-50 g kuphela, kepha isivuno esiphelele ngemitha yesikwele asisibi. Ukunambitheka kubukhali kancane.
Ubumnene buyahlukahluka, ngokwegama, ngokunambitheka okumnene.
- Ubusika baseRussia - izinhlobo zesaladi eziphakathi nendawo. Amaqabunga athambile, hhayi aminyene kune-1 cm, cishe angama-33 cm, ngokunambitheka okubukhali kancane. Umbala wabo ulula ukwedlula ezinye izinhlobo, i-wax coating iphakathi nendawo, ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza okumaphakathi: isizini yonke cishe nge-3.6 kg / m2ngoba akuvumeli ukusikeka okungaphezu kuka-2-3 ehlobo ngalinye. Ubusika -qinile.
Amacembe ahlukahlukene obusika baseRussia alula kancane kunezinye izinhlobo
- I-Seryozha iyinhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala, amaqabunga amade (ngaphezu kwama-50 cm), acishe abe ngu-15 mm ububanzi, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-wax kuvezwa ngokuqinile. Ukunambitheka kubukhali, kuyathambile. I-hardness yasebusika isezingeni eliphakeme, ukukhiqizwa ekusikeni okukodwa kufinyelela ku-2.8 kg / m2.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeSerezha zishiya i-tint encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- U-Fat-leaved - ahlukahlukene afakwe kuRegional State yeRussian Federation ngonyaka we-2018, enesikhathi sokuvuthwa okujwayelekile. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, obanzi, angaphezu kuka-40 cm ubude, angamasentimitha ayi-2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-wax kuqinile, ukunambitheka kubukhali. Ukukhiqiza kungaphezulu kwesilinganiso, ubusika be-hardness buhle.
Amafutha ashiye izinhlobo ezintsha ze-batun; Imininingwane ekuvuthweni kokuqala kwabakhiqizi bembewu ihlukile kwimininingwane yerejista Yombuso
Ungakhula kanjani u-anyanisi
Le anyanisi isabalalisa zombili ngembewu nangokushunqisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili izindlela zilula futhi zisetshenziswa ngokulinganayo engadini.
Ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Uma ingadi isivele ine-anyanisi-batun, akunangqondo ukuyiphinda ihlwanyele ngembewu, ngoba ekusakazeni kulula kakhulu ukumba isihlahla, siyihlukanise izingxenye ezincane bese siyitshala. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-rhizomes okhula angakhipha kalula kuwo, agcine akhulele phakathi kwesihlahla abese evimba.
Ungahlukanisa ihlathi le-anyanisi-bat kunoma iyiphi inombolo yezingxenye, kulula kakhulu ukukwenza
Ukwehlukaniswa kwesihlahla kungenzeka cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha kuphephe kakhulu futhi kunokwethenjelwa ngokwengeziwe ukwenza lokhu ngo-Agasti. Isihlahla siniselwa ngokucophelela futhi ngosizo lokwela noma ingulule pitchfork isuswe emhlabathini. Izandla noma ukusebenzisa ummese ojwayelekile, uhlukanise ube izingxenye ezincane; ngokomqondo, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ama-bulbs, kepha izingcezwana kufaka phakathi ezingaba zingu-12 zazo nazo zingatshalwa. Amabhule atshalwe ngemigqa ngokuya ngesikimu esiyi-8 x 25 cm, ekujuleni okungaba ngu-3 cm.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyindlela engafani nhlobo naleso esimeni sezinye izinhlobo ze-anyanisi. Ungayibiza njengeyokuqala, ikakhulukazi kulabo balimi abatshala i-butt okokuqala. Imbewu ingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile noma icelwe endlini kamakhelwane, futhi ingahlwanyelwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Ividiyo: ekusakazweni kwe-anyanisi-batun
Ukukhula u-anyanisi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
I-anyanisi-batun ngokuvamile ihlwanyelwa ngqo engadini. Kwesinye isikhathi entwasahlobo, izithombo zikhuliswa ukuze ziqoqe ngokushesha isivuno sokuqala. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-batun isitshalo esingapheli, abanye abalimi bakhetha ukuyikhulisa njengonyaka. Kulokhu, isivuno esijwayelekile singatholakala kuphela ngezithombo: phela, ngokuhlukahluka kweminyaka eminingi, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kutholakala kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-2-3.
Ungayqoqa Kanjani Imbewu ye-anyanisi
Ukuqoqa imbewu ye-anyanisi kulula. Ukusuka onyakeni wesibili wokuphila kwakhe, unikeza imicibisholo eminingi ene-peduncle, okuthi, ukuze unganciphisi isivuno, uhlala uphulwa. Lezi imicibisholo ezihlahleni eziningana kufanele kwesokunxele. Maphakathi nehlobo, ziyoqhakaza, bese kuvela imbewu kuzo. Lapho sezicishe zivuthwe, okusho ukuthi, zizophenduka zibe mnyama ngombala, kepha zisabambelele ngokuqinile kuma-inflorescences, izitshalo ziyakhishwa futhi zimiswe emigqonyeni “phezulu” egumbini lokuma, zifake noma yisiphi isidlo esingaphansi kwazo noma zimane zibeke iphepha.
Lapho imbewu isomile, bona uqobo bazoqala ukuphuma. Okwamanje, kulula kakhulu ukukhipha. Imbewu yomiswa izinsuku eziningi, zisakazwa ungqimba oluncanyana, bese zithelwa emasakeni amancane amaphepha ukuze zigcinwe. Izinga lokuhluma kwembewu ye-anyanisi lincane: ngokulondolozwa okufanele (endaweni eyomile, emnyama) isilinganiso seminyaka emibili.
Ukukhula Izithombo ze-anyanisi
Ukutshala izithombo kwe-anyanisi-batun kusetshenziswa endabeni lapho umjikelezo wonke kusuka ezinhlanyweni kuya ekuvuneni ngokuphelele ngokukhipha izitshalo wenziwa ngenkathi eyodwa. Ngohlobo lwe-perennial, izithombo azitshalwa. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli, izithombo ezikhulile zitshalelwe engadini ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuthi ngoSepthemba zibambe ngokuphelele izitshalo bese zizisebenzisela ukudla.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwezimbewu, zithanjiswa emanzini ngosuku. Kwesinye isikhathi aqala ukumiliselwa imizuzu engama-20-25 kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Emini, amanzi aguqulwa kaningana, emva kwalokho imbewu yomile kancane futhi ihlwanyelwe emabhokisini e-seedling.
Imbewu yeBatun ibukeka njenganoma iyiphi enye imbewu ye-anyanisi
Inhlabathi ingxube yomhlaba we-turf nge-humus (1: 1) ngokufakwa kwezingilazi ezimbili zomlotha ebhakedeni lengxube. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kumakhasi ayi-1 cm ezindaweni ezihlwabusayo, kepha ngemuva kokulala nomhlaba, ungqimba lwesihlabathi oluhlanzekile olungamasentimitha amabili nalo luthululelwa ngaphezulu. Emabhokisini ambozwe ingilazi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni, imbewu elungiselelwe iqhuma emva kwamasonto amabili noma kungekudala.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo ze-anyanisi-zethusi kukhumbuza lo msebenzi esimweni sezitshalo eziningi zemifino. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ukuncipha okubukhali kokushisa kuyadingeka: isonto labo ligcinwa ku-10-12 mayelanaC, ngemuva kwalokho bayiphakamisa kancane. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kwe-15 mayelanaI-C yezithombo zika-anyanisi iyabulala, ngakho ukuyikhulisa efulethini ledolobha kuyinkinga enkulu. Kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa i-backlight: i-batun isitshalo samahora amade wemini.
Ukunisela kuyadingeka akuvamile futhi kusesilinganisweni: akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa ngamanzi ngaphambi kokubhukuda. Ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo, bondliwa kabili. Ukwakheka kwesixazululo sokugqoka okuphezulu yi-2 g ye-superphosphate nanoma yiluphi usawoti we-potassium nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi, isikhathi sokugqoka esiphezulu yizinsuku ezingama-7-7 ngemuva kokuvela, bese kuba ngamaviki amabili kamuva.
Uma izithombo zikhulu, kufanele zinqunywe. Bakwenza lokhu esigabeni sepheshana lokuqala leqiniso, ngalesi sikhathi bashiya ibanga elingaba ngu-3 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, isonto ngaphambi kwalapho, izithombo ziqine. Utshalwe embhedeni ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ulungisa izimbobo emabangeni angaba ngu-12 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izithombo ze-anyanisi-batun zinesisa esikhulu, akulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa, ngakho-ke zikwenza ngokuqabukela
Njengoba izithombo ze-batun zidinga ukuphola, kungenzeka ukuthi uncome indlela enjalo yokukhula kuphela lapho kukhona indawo ebamba ukushisa noma i-hotbed engashisi, lapho ungagcina khona amazinga okushisa we-10-15 ngo-Ephreli-Meyi mayelanaC: ekhaya, umsebenzi osetshenzisiwe ukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangokulima kwaminyaka yonke, kuyasiza ukulungiselela izithombo embhedeni ohlukile, njengoba usimboze ngaphambili ukuze kufudumale umhlaba ngefilimu. Izinhlobo eziningi zika-anyanisi futhi esimweni esinjalo zizoba nesikhathi sokunikeza isivuno esihle sezimpaphe.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo enhlabathini kuyindlela esemqoka yokusakazwa kwembewu ngenduku. Uma uwahlwanyela ngaphansi kwefilimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, isivuno esijwayelekile singavunwa ngo-Agasti. Enye inketho ukuhlwanyela ngoJuni-Julayi (ngolayini ophakathi nendawo). Kulokhu, izitshalo zizoba nesikhathi sokuqina ngonyaka wokuhlwanyela, futhi ukusikwa kwamaqabunga kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo. Ukutshala ubusika kusetshenziswa futhi, kepha kufanele kube mnene ngokwengeziwe, ngoba imbewu eningi izonyamalala phakathi nobusika.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-anyanisi-batun ayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidic kanye ne-peat bogs. I-sandy loam ne-loam zikufanelekela ngokuphelele, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi isayithi likhanyiswe kahle. Ukulungiselela ingadi - ngokuqondene nemifino eminingi: ukugaya kokuqala ngokwethula imithamo evamile yomanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali. Nge-1 m2 leli ibhakede le-humus, ingilazi yomlotha ne-10-15 g ye-superphosphate, i-potassium chloride nanoma iyiphi i-nitrate.
Imbewu iyalungiswa, kanye nezithombo ezikhulayo. Kuhlwanyelwa ezindaweni ezishiywe emanzini kuze kufike ku-2,5 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezintambo cishe lingama-30 cm. Uma inhlabathi isivele ifudumeze ifinyelela okungenani ku-5 mayelanaC, imbewu ngokuqinisekile izomila, kepha ingathululwa ngesikhathi: kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-8 kuye kwezingama-20. Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa izithombo zezihlahla zombhede ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-humus. Lapho sekucacile ukuthi zingaki imbewu ezihlume, izithombo zinwetshwe, zishiya cishe u-10 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.
Ividiyo: ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo ka-anyanisi wasentwasahlobo
Nakekela u-anyanisi
Ukunakekela le anyanisi kulula: udinga ukuzama kuphela ekuqaleni. Izilimo zinqunywa ngokuya ngeminyaka emingaki umbhede otshalwe ngayo. Ezilweni zonyaka, ukuncipha kuyadingeka ngezinga elincane; ngoba ukuncipha kweminyaka eminingi kwenziwa kathathu. Ngokuhlelekile, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila we-anyanisi-batun, umbhede ukhula futhi uthukululwe. Konke okunye ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukunisela, ukufaka umquba nokusika ipeni ngesikhathi.
Ukunisela
Inhlabathi kufanele igcinwe inomswakama kodwa hhayi marshy. Ukomiswa kwesikhashana akuyona into ebulalayo, kepha esimweni sesomiso isikhathi eside, amaqabunga ayaqina futhi angabi nakuthela. IBatun iniselwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi - ngebhakede eli-1 m2, izinga lokushisa alisho kangako. Ukuchelela okuningi kwe-anyanisi kuyadingeka ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvuna.
I-anyanisi iyakubekezelela ukufafaza, ikakhulukazi lapho ikhula, kepha kungcono ukuyinisela ngokweqile, hhayi ukugcwala ngokweqile, ngoba eziningi zazo zingaphuka lapho zifafaza. Ngenkathi izitshalo zingakhuli kakhulu, ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula inhlabathi iyathukululwa. Lapho amahlathi ecishe avale, ukukhulula kube nzima, kuthathelwa indawo ngokufaka inhlabathi nge-humus.
Ungathelela u-anyanisi ovela endaweni yokuthambisa, kodwa akufanele usebenzise i-hose enengcindezi enamandla
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukufaka i-anyanisi-batun okwenziwa kaningi, kepha ngemuva kokusikwa kwamaqabunga amaningi kuyadingeka. Iresiphi enhle kakhulu ngonyaka wokuqala ukumiselwa kwe-mullein (1: 10), kuthi ngemuva kokuwunyusa, engeza ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni nge-1 m2 imibhede, kuyivala ngocingo olungashoni. Ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu (nangaphambi kwayo, nakho), umbhede uphuzwa kakhulu ngamanzi.
Ngonyaka wesibili, ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein kusetshenzisiwe sekuhlanjululwe kakhulu (1: 15), kepha umlotha awunqunyelwe emlotheni. Uma inhlabathi ivundile, ikhula kahle iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kokufaka umquba. Empeleni, u-anyanisi uqobo ukhombisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba ngokuncipha kokukhula kanye nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Njenge-ambulensi, isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-urea (isipuni esibhakeleni samanzi) singasetshenziswa.
Izihlahla
Akufanele wesabe ukusika amaqabunga e-batun nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha ukusika okukhulu kwenziwa lapho izimpaphe zifinyelela ubude obungu-20-30 cm okungenani. - kuze kube kahlanu. Kwizinhlobonhlobo eziningi, isivuno esiphezulu sibonwa eminyakeni engu-3-5 yobudala.
Kungenzeka yini ukunciphisa i-anyanisi ukuze kungasali lutho esitshalweni? Kungenzeka, kepha akusifanele. Inani elincane lezimpaphe ezincane lisale endaweni efanele. Ngakho-ke isitshalo sizobuyisela amandla alo ngokushesha. Abanye abalimi basika amaqabunga phansi kuze kube yilapho kuthathwa iqhwa. Lokhu futhi kukhetho olubi kakhulu: ebusika, isitshalo kumele sishiywe sinamaqabunga. Kuyacaca ukuthi ebusika bazofa, kanti entwasahlobo bazodinga ukukhishwa engadini. Kepha bazosekela amandla e-anyanisi ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Ukukhula kwe-anyanisi-batun ezimweni zasekamelweni
Lesi sitshalo empeleni asazi isikhathi sokuphumula, esivumela ukuthi ukutshala kwalo unyaka wonke kusetshenziswe. Kungenzeka ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, futhi, uma kudingeka, ekhaya. Yize kunjalo, ukulinganiselwa kokushisa kwenza lolu khetho lungabi lula kakhulu. Ekhameleni ungathola isivuno sokuluhlaza ngokusobala kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Kepha i-windowsill kufanele ibe mnandi, bese iminyaka engu-1-2 u-anyanisi athela isivuno unyaka nonyaka.
Lapho kufudumele, lesi sitshalo siyanyathelwa, isivuno sihlukane futhi sibe namanzi amancane.
Ukulungiswa kwembewu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nangengadi. Inhlabathi evundile evundile ithululelwa kunoma yimaphi amabhokisi ajulile noma amabhodwe bese imbewu ihlwanyelwa kumuntu ongaba ngu-1.5 cm. Amanzi kahle bese umboza izitshalo ngengilazi. Ngemuva kokuvela, into esemqoka ukukhanya nokuphola. Kuhle ngemuva kwesonto lokubanda (10-12 mayelanaC) - izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini ebangeni le-18-20 ° C, isikhathi sasebusuku - amadigri ambalwa aphansi. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sekwindla-sentwasahlobo, ukukhanyisa ngama-phytolamp nakanjani kuzongezwa.
Ekhaya, kulula ukubhekisisa umswakama wenhlabathi, ngakho-ke awusetshenziswa ngokweqile. Ukuze usetshenziselwe ukuchelela amanzi ahlala endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Ukuze ugweme ukonakala ngokweqile ngengozi, ungqimba lwamanzi (amatshe amancane, isihlabathi) kufanele lubekwe ebhokisini noma umane wenziwe izimbobo ezansi. Umswakama womoya nawo ubalulekile: inani elikhulu libalelwa ku-75%.
Noma yisiphi isitsha esikahle singalungelekela ekhaya ngokwakha induku.
Njalo emavikini amabili, i-batun isuthiswa ngezixazululo ezibuthakathaka zomanyolo ophelele wamaminerali (ngokwemiyalo, kodwa okungcono okungaphansi kokuningi). Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyasiza kule nhloso ukusebenzisa kanye ne-infusions yanoma yimiphi amakhambi. Lapho ukhule ekhaya, amaqabunga e-batun anqunywa, njengomthetho, hhayi wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngokukhetha, njengoba kunesidingo.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani anyanisi njengomanyolo
Kukhona izitshalo, zombili ingadi nezasendle, ezigcwalisa kahle umsebenzi womanyolo: lezi ziningi zemidumba, i-oats, i-vetch, njll. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-siderat: ngaphandle kokuletha lolu daba ukuqhakaza, izilimo zalezi zivuno zinqunywa futhi zilinywe emhlabathini, zikhulisa kakhulu ukuzala kwazo.
Izitshalo zika-anyanisi azifakwanga ngenani lama-siderates, kepha ngemuva kokuthi i-batun isebenze isikhathi sayo, abalimi abaningi abazikhiphi izitshalo, kodwa babambe umbhede kanye nazo. Lezo zakhi zomzimba u-anyanisi oziqongelele phakathi kokukhula kwazo zihlala emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ipholisa nenhlabathi, ngoba noma iziphi izitshalo zika-anyanisi zifukamela isamba esikhulu sazo, zibulala amagciwane asondelene nazo.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo eziningi zika-anyanisi zimelana kakhulu nezifo, kepha zivame ukuhlaselwa izinambuzane ezithile. Phakathi kwezifo ohlangabezane nazo, okulandelayo kungaphawulwa.
- I-Viral mosaic iyisifo esiyingozi, esingelapheki. Iphethwe ngama-aphid. Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zichithwe. Leli gciwane livela njengezindawo eziphuzi zezici ezahlukahlukene, ezisakazeke emacembe. U-anyanisi ngokushesha uyeka ukukhula bese uyafa.
UMose, njengezifo eziningi zegciwane zezitshalo, akaphiliswa
- Ukugqwala kweqabunga yisifo sokukhunta: kuvela amabala aphuzi namawolintshi emaqabungeni. Lezi yizindawo ezinamaphaphu okuvuthwa okuvuthwa kungekudala, okwenza amaqabunga omile ngokushesha. Izitshalo ezilimele ziyasuswa, futhi kufafazwe kungalimali nge-Fitosporin solution noma nge-Bordeaux fluid.
Ukusuka ekugqwala ungagcina izitshalo ezingakabi nesikhathi sokugula
- I-Powdery mildew yisifo se-fungal esingadli ukubulala kodwa esingathandeki, esibonakaliswa ngendlela yezindawo ezimhlophe ezikhula ngokushesha. Izitshalo ezinesifo ziyachithwa, kanti ezinempilo, njengesifo sokugqwala, ziyafafazwa ngezisombululo zokulungiselela zethusi noma zeFitosporin.
I-Powdery isikhutha anyanisi, njengezifo eziningi zesikhunta, iyelapheka, kodwa kungcono ukungayilethi
Izinambuzane zingabhubhisa ngokuphelele izitshalo zika-anyanisi, ngakho-ke udinga ukubhekana nazo ngesikhathi.
- I-anyanisi weevil (i-crypto-scavenger) ibhungane elincane elimnyama elingaphansi kosayizi ongu-1 cm. Isibungu salo siyimbungulu ephuzi emnyama. Kokubili amabhungane kanye namaqabunga e-larn, okugcina kumile.
I-anyanisi weevil ifana nanoma iyiphi enye i-weevil ebusweni be-proboscis
- Impukane i-anyanisi ibeka amaqanda kulesi simila, okuvela kuzo izibungu ekuqaleni kukahlobo. Zidla ama-bulbs kusuka ngaphakathi, zibangele ukuba i-batun ife. Njengoba impukane u-anyanisi ingabekezeleli iphunga le-karoti, izaqathi ezitshalwe embhedeni oseduze ziyawucindezela.
Izibungu ze-anyanisi fly zibhubhisa ikakhulukazi ama
- Ama-thrips izinambuzane ezincane ezikhanyayo (kufika ku-1 mm ngosayizi). Ama-thrips alimaza hhayi kuphela izitshalo zika-anyanisi, lezi zidalwa ngendlela eyodwa noma kwenye ecasulayo cishe yonke imifino. Iziphuzo zikhipha u-anyanisi isiphuzo, ngenxa yalokho izitshalo ezingafa.
Ama-thrips - izinambuzane ezincane ezincelayo ezilimaza izitshalo ezahlukahlukene
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela
Ngeshwa, ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane eminsalweni yangemuva kunzima kakhulu ukwedlula u-anyanisi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amaqabunga ahlala esetshenziselwa ukudla, okusho ukuthi ama-ejenti wokulawula amakhemikhali awasebenzi lapha. Ngenhlanhla, izifo ze-batun zivamile kakhulu futhi zelashwa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezingenabungozi.
Amakhambi esintu ngokuvamile anele ukuvikela ezilokazaneni. Isibonelo, hhayi kubi, noma kungasebenzi kakhulu, i-mustard powder iyaziphazamisa izinambuzane eziningi, ezifafazwa ngombhede phakathi kwemigqa yenduku. Well isusa izinambuzane decoction kagwayi. Ngemuva kokufaka insipho yokuwasha kuyo, iye yafafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngalesi sixazululo sesitshalo.
Ukuvimbela okungathenjelwa kakhulu ukubambelela ngokuqinile kubuchwepheshe bezolimo: ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukunisela ngesikhathi kanye nokukhulula imibhede, ukulawula ukhula, ngoba izinambuzane eziningi ziqala ukhula, bese kuphela zithola u-anyanisi.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo
I-anyanisi-batun kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inika umnikazi ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Akunakushiwo ukuthi kunzima ukuzixazulula: ngesinye isikhathi akudingeki nokuthi wenze lutho, kodwa-ke kufanele ubekezelele iqiniso lokuthi izehlakalo ezibonakalayo zingokwemvelo ngokuphelele kulo umnsalo.
I-anyanisi liphenduka liphuzi
Masinyane ngemuva kobusika, i-batun ikhula ngamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaza aluhlaza. Kepha kuya maphakathi nehlobo, angaqala aphuzi; imvamisa inqubo iqala kuwo kanye amathiphu. Esikhathini esiningi kuvela ukuthi akukho lutho olubi olwenzekile, umlimi nje oqala ukukhohlwa ngalesi sitshalo futhi akazange asinisele ngesikhathi. Ukuntuleka komswakama yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuphuzi kwe-anyanisi. Ngenhlanhla, inqubo ibuyela emuva, futhi uma unaka ingadi futhi, ukuphuzi kuzodlula isikhathi.
Ukuphuzi kwamathiphu ezimpaphe zika-anyanisi, njengomthetho, akusona isifo futhi kungaqedwa kalula ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo
Isizathu sesibili esijwayelekile ukuthi u-anyanisi usebenzise yonke imali yakhe yezakhi, sekuyisikhathi nje sokubondla. Indlela elula futhi esheshayo i-urea, kodwa engcono ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Awufuni ukuthulula "izimpuphu"? Kuzofanele sipheke ukumiliswa kwamakhambi, okungcono kusuka ku-nettle, kepha kuthatha isikhathi ...
Ngokuvamile, ukunqotshwa kwe-anyanisi ukundiza kuvame ukuqala ngokuphuza izeluleko, kanti i-mosaic iziveza njengezindawo eziphuzi. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukubhekisisa: ingabe kuyinkathazo, ingabe kuyisifo? Uma kunjalo, maningi amathuba okuthatha isenzo.
Umnsalo ungena emcibishweni
Iqiniso lokuthi i-batun yesikhathi eside yakha umcibisholo wonyaka wesibili nangaphezulu kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele, unyaka wokuqala wokutshala kwayo kuphela ongayenza ngaphandle kokudubula. Ungahlala uphula le micibisholo, unciphise ukuguga kuka-anyanisi, kepha akunakwenzeka ukumncisha ngokuphelele inqubo ekufanele ukuthi ibe semjikelezweni wempilo. Ukudubula cishe akukubi ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga amancane akhula njalo, kodwa noma kunjalo kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imifino emnandi kakhulu isentwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo. Noma mhlawumbe kubonakala nje, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi umzimba udinga ikakhulukazi amavithamini?
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Imvamisa yokuvuna i-anyanisi-batun kancane incike ezinhlobonhlobo, kepha ngokuvamile kungashiwo ukuthi ezimweni eziningi ukusikwa okugcwele kwamaqabunga kungenzeka njalo emavikini ayi-3-4. Izimpaphe ezimbalwa kusaladi, kunjalo, zinganqunywa okungenani nsuku zonke. Kuyenzeka ngokwezomnotho ukusika cishe wonke amahlamvu lapho kufinyelela okungenani okungenani ama-25-30 cm, nemicibisholo yezimbali, uma kungadingeki, cishe kuphume ngokuphelele ngokushesha lapho kuvela.
Ungasika amaqabunga ngommese obukhali noma ngesikhafu, cishe eduze komhlabathi. Isikhathi sokugcina banganqunywa ngokuphelele ngenyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Amaqabunga aluhlaza e-batun agcinwa esiqandisini, ahlanganiswe noma afakwe nje esikhwameni sepulasitiki, asivala ngokukhululeka. Impilo yeshelf yamahlamvu amasha ifushane, cishe isonto, kepha inganqunywa futhi iqandiswe. Ebusika, i-batun thawed ingafakwa kwizifundo zokuqala noma zesibili, iya ngokuphelele ekugcwalisweni kwamaphayi enziwe ekhaya.
I-Onion-batun - ummeleli weminsalo yaphakade - ilungele kakhulu ukutshala ezingadini zomuntu. Cishe ngaphandle kokushiya, uletha imifino yokuqala yamavithamini etafuleni, futhi ngokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, isivuno sayo sibalulekile. Ukusebenziseka kwamaqabunga e-batun emzimbeni kanye nokulula kokutshala kuvumela isiko lelo kufanelekile ukuba lithathe indawo eqinile phakathi kwezilimo zendabuko zendabuko.
