Iklabishi le-peking kuze kube yilapho ama-70s eminyaka edlule ayevamile emazweni ase-Asia. Manje, ngemuva kokuzalelwa kwama-nzalo angaqondile futhi akhiqiza, ukutshala kwawo kubhekene nokukhuphuka okungakaze kwenzeke. I-Peking ikhule ngokusebenza, ngezinga lezimboni nasezivandeni zomuntu. Lesi sitshalo esingenakonakala sikhula kahle, ngokushesha. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zesiko, izilimo ezimbili zingatholakala ngesizini ethile. Kubalulekile ukwazi izimfihlo ezincane nezinkinga zemifino, futhi uzigcine engqondweni lapho zitshala futhi zikhula.
Izici zeklabishi yaseBeijing nezindlela eziphambili zokuyihlwanyela
Iklabishi le-peking, njengabanye abamele umndeni weklabishi, isitshalo sosuku olude. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-fruiting (ukuvuthwa kwembewu) isiko lidinga ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-13. Uma isikhathi saso singamahora ayi-12 noma ngaphansi, khona-ke lesi sitshalo ngeke sigxile ekukhiqizweni kabusha, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukukhula kwamaqabunga namaqanda.
Uma wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuya ngemithetho lapho kukhula iklabishi yaseBeijing, khona-ke ukuvuna kuzoba kusenesikhathi futhi kucebile.
Njengoba iklabishi yaseBeijing ikhule ngokuyinhloko ngamaqabunga namakhanda iklabishi, lesi sici sesiko kufanele sibhekwe lapho ukhetha indlela yokukhula nokuhlwanyela. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhulisa iBeijing:
- ngembewu;
- izithombo.
Nakani! Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi uma uthenge ikhanda leklabishi laseBeijing esitolo, awukwazi nje ukulidla, kodwa futhi ukhule nesitshalo esisha kulo.
Imbewu, izithombo kanye nezithungo zeklabishi zingatshalwa zombili emhlabathini ovulekile futhi zivikelwe. Ake sibheke zonke izindlela nemithetho yokuhlwanyela isiko, bese sikhuluma ngezici nezinzuzo zazo.
Ngabe iBeijing iklabishi ithanda inhlabathi enjani?
Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala imifino, umuntu kufanele acabangele okulandelayo:
- ukungathathi hlangothi kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla kwendawo, umhlaba udinga ukukhiqizwa, ukwengeza ufulawa we-dolomite noma i-fluffy lime kuwo;
- ukuphefumula kahle nokuqina;
- inzalo. Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi ngesikwele ngasinye. imitha liyadingeka ukwenza ibhakede le-humus. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa umlotha wokhuni.
Kubalulekile! Izithako zokudla kwezitshalo kumele zisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokutshala. Iklabishi yaseBeijing inamandla okuqongelela ama-nitrate, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo wamaminerali kulinywe wona.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-humus kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi lekhava yenhlabathi esizeni
Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo lomhlabathi, loam yiwo ofanele kakhulu ekukhuleni iPeking. Lapho ukhetha isiza, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukuphakama kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Ngomswakama omningi, izimpande zesitshalo zingabola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwethonya lomswakama izobe iqhakambisa kakhulu noma ishise ngokweqile, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu esitshalweni.
Kuzithombo ezikhulayo, kusetshenziswa inhlabathi evulekile. Izintandokazi zinganikezwa substrate kakhukhunathi, lapho kukhula izithombo iklabishi yaseBeijing nenempilo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuxuba i-substrate ne-humus ngesilinganiso se-2: 1. Ukuze uthuthukise inani lomsoco lenhlanganisela kanye nokukhishwa kwayo, kufakwa ingilazi yomlotha ebhakedeni lomhlabathi.
Ukwakheka kwesiqeshana sikakhukhunathi kufaka izinsalela ezomisiwe nezichobozekile zobuso bukakhukhunathi, okunikeza ingxube ye-friability, ukuphefumula, kube nomphumela wokudonsa
Nakani! Inhlabathi enethezekile ingatholakala ngokuxuba umhlaba we-turf ne-peat (1: 1). Ingxube izophuma ingemuva futhi inempilo.
Isikhathi sokufika
Ukuthola imifino ephezulu nekhanda leklabishi laseShayina, udinga ukukhanya kwelanga kosuku, ngakho-ke isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala isivuno kusentwasahlobo (ishumi lesibili lika-Ephreli) kanye nezinyanga zokugcina zasehlobo. Ukuhlwanyela isivuno ngesikhathi esishiwo kuzosiza ukugwema inkinga enkulu - ukudubula kwezitshalo.
Iklabishi le-peking lingemifino yokuvuthwa yakuqala, kodwa futhi inezinhlobonhlobo eziqala (izinsuku ezingama-40-55), eziphakathi (izinsuku ezingama-55-60) kanye sekwephuzile (izinsuku ezingama-60-80) ukuvuthwa. Lapho kunqunywa isikhathi sokutshala isivuno, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izici zezinhlobo ezikhethiwe: Izinhlobo zokuqala zithandelwa ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo, kanti sekudlule isikhathi ukuhlwanyelwa ekwindla.
Imininingwane ewusizo! Izinhlobo ezintsha zokukhethwa kweklabishi yaseShayina ukumelana nokudubula.
Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala, udinga ukukhetha indlela yokulinyela. Imbewu yezithombo itshalwe ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ngaphambi kokufika kwezinsuku zokutshala endaweni evulekile noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa, okungukuthi, maphakathi no-Mashi ukuthola amakhanda okuqala eklabishi noma emva kukaJuni 15 wokuvuna ekwindla endaweni evulekile. Ngokutshala okulandelayo kwezithombo ku-greenhouse, ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kungahlelelwa ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho - maphakathi noFebhuwari, ukuze engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi izithombo zingatshalwa emhlabathini.
Ngendlela yokuhlwanyelwa engenahlanyelo, ukuhlwanyelwa kokuqala kwezinhlamvu kungenziwa enhlabathini efudumele kahle. Ngomzila ophakathi nendawo, lokhu kungukuphela kuka-Ephreli noma ukuqala kukaMeyi, futhi ukuhlwanyela kwesibili kuhlelwe kusuka ngoJulayi 20 kuya ku-Agasti 10.
Ividiyo: ngesikhathi sokutshala iklabishi laseBeijing
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Imbewu yeklabishi ye-peking akudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini. Uma kwenzeka ungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi yembewu, ingahlolwa ukuze ihlume. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usakaze imbewu phakathi kwezendlalelo zezicubu ezithambile, u-gauze nendawo endaweni efudumele. Uma imbewu ingekhwalithi ephezulu, khona-ke ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4 amahlumela azoqala ukuvela. Imbewu enjalo ingatshalwa ngokushesha ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe.
Nakani! Uma kunesidingo, ungaqhuba ukwelashwa kokuvimbela imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zigcinwa imizuzu engu-15 emanzini ashisayo (+ 48-50 degrees), bese kuthi imizuzu eyi-2 zifakwa emanzini abandayo. Imbewu ephathwa kanjalo kufanele yomiswe ngaphambi kokutshala.
Lapho usebenzisa imbewu eqoqwe yodwa, kufanele ihlungwe ngokucophelela futhi ihlelwe
Ukutshala izithombo
Lapho ukhetha indlela yokutshala izithombo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iklabishi yaseBeijing ayithandi ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha iziqukathi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlale emabhodweni we-peat noma amakhasethi. Lesi siqukathi singatshalwa kanye nesitshalo emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ukulimala okuncane kohlelo lwezimpande, futhi lesi sitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha okusebenzayo.
Inqubo-nyathelo yenqubo yokutshala imbewu yezithombo:
- Ukufakwa okhethiwe kokugcwalisa kugcwaliswa inhlabathi elungiselelwe.
- Maphakathi nendawo, yenza ukudangala okuncane lapho kwehliswa imbewu eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.
- Imbewu ifafazwa ngengxube yenhlabathi kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-1 cm.
Embizeni ngayinye enenhlanganisela yenhlabathi enempilo futhi evulekile, imbewu eyi-2-3 ivaliwe
- Khiqiza ukuthambisa.
- Izimbiza zibekwa endaweni efudumele, emnyama. Ngaphansi kwesimo sembewu esezingeni eliphakeme, izithombo zizovela ngokushesha - ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, iziqukathi kufanele zibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo, epholile (enamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-+ 10 degrees ngaphakathi endlini.
Beijing iklabishi izithombo efuna ukukhanya
- Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngamanzi ahleliwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni njengoba umhlabathi womile.
- Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngokucophelela.
- Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amaqabunga angempela, ebhodweni ngalinye bayakhipha (ukukhipha kusuka emhlabathini kungadala ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande oluyisithombo esikhulu) izitshalo ezibuthakathaka futhi zishiya yisithombo esisodwa esiqinile.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2 000 embizeni, esinye ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu lishiywe, okusele kumele kudonswe
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo imbewu ngqo emhlabathini kungenziwa ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu. Esiqongweni sezulu esiphakathi, isimo sezulu esihle sokuhlwanyelwa sizofika ngoMeyi kuphela, futhi ngalesi sikhathi isikhathi sezitshalo sizoba semini ende, futhi kuzoba nzima ukugwema ukudubula kwezitshalo. Uma kunokwenzeka, indlela engenasithombo yokutshala ilungiselelwe kahle emigqonyeni emincane futhi itshalwe kuyo ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-Ribbon-lowercase, ehlinzeka ngamabanga amade phakathi kwamateyipu (cishe amasentimitha angama-50) futhi mancane phakathi kwemigqa (cishe 30 cm). Ukuhlwanyelwa imbewu kwenziwa kakhulu, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthambisa kuzokwenziwa.
- Ngokutshala kweqembu kwizimbobo ezenziwa kude kwe-25-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Imbewu engu-2-3 yehliselwa emthonjeni ngamunye.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanganise imbewu yeklabishi yaseBeijing nesihlabathi, bese ufudumeza umhlabathi emafulethini
Imbewu ye-peking inconyelwa ukungcwatshwa kungabi ngaphezu kwama-2 cm. Ngemuva kokulala, inhlabathi ye-ridge kufanele ifakwe impova ngomlotha wezinkuni. Le yindlela ephumelelayo yokuvikela amahlumela wesikhathi esizayo kusuka kugqiza olubethelwe esiphambanweni. Amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-4-7 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.
Lapho nje kusungulwa amapheshana wangempela kubo, ukuthamba kokuqala kwenziwa. Lapho ukhetha indlela yokulima engezansi yeribhoni, okokuqala phakathi kwezitshalo kushiya cishe u-10 cm, kuthi lapho kuvaliwe, kuthathwe umthwalo omncane wesibili bese izitshalo zishiyelwa kude nge-25-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Lapho ukutshala izimbobo ngokushesha emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga eqiniso emthonjeni ngamunye, kusale eyodwa imbewu, bese kuthi enye yonke ihludzwe.
Amahlumela amancanyana adinga ukuphonswa ngemuva kokuba kukhule iqabunga lesibili, kususwe izitshalo ezibuthakathaka eqenjini
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zeklabishi ezihlafunwayo zingatshalwa endaweni evulekile eneminyaka eyi-3, uma nje izithombo zizoba namaqabunga ayi-5 ayiqiniso. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zinconywa ukwenza lukhuni. Cishe isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, baqala ukukhipha emoyeni omusha: okokuqala, amahora amaningi, kancane kancane bakhulisa isikhathi esisetshenzisiwe. Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala, ukunisela izithombo kumisiwe futhi izitshalo ziniselwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa emhlabathini.
Ama-Wells alungiselelwe izithombo ezebangeni elingama-25-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ahlanganiswe nge-humus nomlotha, oswakanyisiwe. Uma kunesidingo, izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela emgqonyeni wokutshala bese zifakwa emgodini ukuze wonke amaqabunga angaphezulu komhlaba.
Izithombo zeklabishi yaseBeijing zintekenteke kakhulu futhi zintekenteke, ngakho-ke kufanele zitshalwe ngokucophelela
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, kungakuhle ukumboze izithombo ngefilimu noma nge-spanbond ukuze:
- vikela izithombo emazingeni okushisa aphansi ebusuku;
- umthunzi ovela elangeni;
- vikela izimpande emswakama ngokweqile esikhathini semvula;
- Vikela izithombo ezinambuzaneni.
Ukuhambisa imibhede ngefilimu noma nge-agrofibre kuzokwakha isivikelo esingezekile sezithombo kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezinhlekeleleni zesimo sezulu
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo yeklabishi laseBeijing emhlabathini ovulekile
Izici zokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovikelekile
Imifino izozizwa imnandi kakhulu endaweni ebamba ukushisa uma ungakhela okukushisa okunethezekayo (akukho okuphezulu kune- +20 degrees) nomswakama (esifundeni esingama-70-80%). Inqubo yokutshala imbewu noma izithombo zePeking endaweni ebamba ukushisa ayihlukile kunqubo yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Umehluko kuphela izinsuku zokufika, esikhulume ngazo ngenhla.
Nakani! Ukutshala iklabishi laseBeijing emhlabathini ovikelekile kuzokuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno semifino emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili kunasemhlabathini ovulekile.
Ividiyo: Ukutshala kwe-Autumn yeklabishi yaseBeijing endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ungatshala kanjani iklabishi yesiShayina sesiqu
Iklabishi le-peking linamandla amakhulu kangangokuba lingathokozisa isivuno ngisho nesigaxa saso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokuthola isivuno esinjalo silula kakhulu. Ukutshala isiphunzi, kufanele ulungiselele:
- isitsha esijulile lapho ingaphansi lekhanda leklabishi laseBeijing lizolingana khona;
- inhlabathi enempilo, evundile. Kungaba ingxube yomhlaba we-turf nge-peat noma ngesihlabathi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo;
- imbiza yokutshala, leyo ngosayizi oyodlula kancane ngaphansi kwekhanda leklabishi;
- iphakethe elimnyama;
- ummese obukhali;
- ikhanda leklabishi laseBeijing uqobo.
Ukuze kukhule ubunzima obuluhlaza bamaqabunga, phansi kwanoma iyiphi ikhanda eliminyene leklabishi laseBeijing kufanelekile
Nakani! Akufanele kube nezimpawu zesifo ekhanda elikhethiwe leBeijing: amabala, amachashazi, nezinye izimpawu zokubola okuzayo.
Inqubo yokufika inezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Hlukanisa phansi kwekhanda leklabishi. Ucezu osikiwe kufanele okungenani lube ngu-6 cm. Lokhu kungukuqala kokuqala kwama-greens akhulayo namakhanda weklabishi esizayo.
- Sigcwalisa ithangi ngamanzi bese sibeka ingxenye engezansi yesithungo kuyo.
Ingaphansi lesiphunzi kuphela elicwiliswa emanzini
- Sifaka umkhumbi egumbini elipholile. Ukushisa okuphezulu kuzovimbela ukukhula kwesiqu. Indawo enhle kakhulu kuyo iwindowsill ebheke ohlangothini olusenyakatho noma kuvulandi evaliwe, uma igcina izinga lokushisa lihle.
Ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, izimpande zizovela phansi ezansi, zilandelwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza. Zingakhishwa cishe ngokushesha futhi kudliwe.
Kubalulekile! Isiqu esitshaliwe sikhipha ngokushesha umcibisholo wezimbali. Kufanele isuswe. Uma uyivumela ukuba ikhule, khona-ke imifino iyoba yimbi futhi inganambitheki.
Ukuze ukhule imifino, isiqu singashiywa esitsheni samanzi. Uma ufuna ukukhula inhloko yeklabishi, khona-ke indawo engezansi enezimpande ezivela yafakwa esitsheni enomhlabathi. Yenza lokhu ngokucophelela, njengoba izimpande zeklabishi yaseBeijing zithambile futhi zingcolile. Ngakho-ke, isiphunzi esinezimpande kuqala sibekwa ethangini, bese sifafazwa ngomhlaba ukuze izimpande kuphela zimbozwe ngenhlabathi, futhi yonke ingxenye engenhla yesigaxa ingaphezulu komhlaba.
Cishe isonto kamuva, ngemuva kokuvela kwenqwaba yezimpande, isiqu singatshalwa kungxube yenhlabathi elungiselelwe
Nakani! Lapho ukhule ebhodweni, akuvamile ukuba kwenzeke ukuthola umphumela omuhle. Iphesenti elikhulu lesiqinisekiso sokuthola ikhanda linikezwa ngokudlulisela isiphunzi singene emhlabathini ovulekile.
Isikhathi esithile, lesi sitshalo esitshaliwe asinkcenkceshelwa futhi ukuthambisa kuphinde kuqale emuva kokuthi sekuqale ukukhiqiza amaqabunga amasha aluhlaza. Isiqu esikhulayo singanciphisa ngokwezifiso amahora emini. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuvala isitshalo ngesikhwama esimnyama amahora angama-12-13 ngosuku.
Kubalulekile! Ukunikeza amahora omfishane wosuku nokubuka umbuso wokushisa (hhayi ophakeme kunama-+18 degrees) ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-45, ungathola inhloko yeklabishi laseBeijing. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kube mnene kakhulu, kepha ngesisindo ingafinyelela ku-1 kg.
Ungatshala iklabishi laseBeijing kusuka kwesiqu ngenhloso yokuthola imbewu. Kulokhu, umcibisholo wezimbali izitshalo ezizokhulula awuphulwanga, kepha uvunyelwe ukuvuthwa. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuzokwazi ukuqoqa imbewu futhi uyisebenzise ekutshaleni engadini.
Imbewu ingavunyelwa ukuvuthwa bese ihlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Ividiyo: Iklabishi laseShayina elikhula esiqwini esisefasiteleni
Peking iklabishi ukuhambisana nezinye izitshalo engadini
Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi ngokulima okungapheli noma ukubuya okusheshayo kwezilimo zasensimini endaweni yakudala, inhlabathi iyaphela, ama-pathogenic pathogen kanye nezinambuzane ziqwabelana kuyo. Ngakho-ke, lapho utshala yonke imifino, kufaka neklabishi yaseBeijing, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo futhi unake izisekelo ezinhle zesitshalo. KwaseBeijing, kukhona ama-siderate, ama-legumes, okusanhlamvu, izaqathi. Akunconywa ukutshala isilimo ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukubethelwa, isithombo sebhitridi notamatisi.
Lapho utshala iklabishi laseBeijing, kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangele ukusondela kwezitshalo. Eduze kwalokhu imifino zonke izinhlobo zamasaladi, u-anyanisi, i-sage engadini izizwa kahle. Kokubili okusizuzisayo ukutshala okuhlanganisiwe kweklabishi yaseBeijing kanye no dill. Lesi sakamuva singasetshenziswa njenge-sealant yokutshala iklabishi. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kweklabishi.
UDill ungumakhelwane omuhle weklabishi yaseBeijing
Imininingwane ewusizo! Ukutshala okuhlanganisiwe kweklabishi yaseBeijing namazambane nakho kunomthelela omuhle ekuvuneni nasekhwalweni yemifino.
Ukukhanga kweklabishi yaseBeijing kusobala: akunzima ukuyitshala futhi ikhule, isakha ngokushesha isisindo futhi inezithelo. Ngakho-ke khetha okuhlukahlukene, bese uvumela isivuno seklabishi sibe siningi, futhi inqubo yokutshala nokutshala inolwazi futhi iyakhanya!
