I-Daikon ezweni: indlela yokutshala nokukhulisa isithombo seJapan

UDaikon uvele ezingadini zethu esikhathini esedlule, kepha washeshe wathandwa ngenxa yokungathobeki, isivuno esikhulu kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi i-radical yaseChina noma yaseJapan, futhi omakhelwane basempumalanga bayazi okuningi ngokudla okunempilo. Lesi sitshalo kulula ukuba sikhule emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amagadi okugcina izithombo asetshenziselwa ukuthola isivuno sokuqala kakhulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivuno sekwephuzile.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-daikon

IDaikon yisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sobuhlanga nesithombo. Kungabonakala ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuyikhulisa ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ikakhulukazi njengoba isikhathi sokukhula sinezinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Kodwa-ke, konke akulula. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo esingenakuzithoba somndeni weklabishi yisiko losuku olude. Lokhu kusho ukuthi maphakathi nehlobo, lapho amahora okukhanya kwemini amahora angama-15-17, izitho zokukhiqiza (izimbali nezithelo) zikhula ngokushesha, kepha izitshalo zezimpande cishe azakhiwa. Ngakho-ke, uma uyihlwanyela engadini entwasahlobo, ngeke uthole lutho ngaphandle kwezimbali nembewu.

Uma utshala i-daikon entwasahlobo, izokuqhakaza maphakathi nehlobo

IDaikon kufanele ihlwanyelwe engadini engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, lapho usuku selunqabile, futhi kulokhu kuba nezitshalo ezinhle nezimpande ezinhle kakhulu kwiqhwa. Kepha uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kufanele ubhekane nezithombo, usitshale, kuye ngesizini, endaweni evulekile noma abamba ukushisa.

Ukukhetha inhlabathi nokulungiselela

Lapho utshala izithombo ze-daikon, kungcono ukusebenzisa amaphilisi amakhulu we-peat, uhlwanyele imbewu eyi-2-3 ngayinye, bese ususa izithombo ezingeziwe. I-Daikon empeleni ayikuthandi ukufakelwa, kanti ithebhulethi le-peat litshalwe engadini ngokuphelele, kanye nezithombo, ngakho-ke izimpande azonakaliswa nakancane. Uma kungenazibhebhe, kufanelekile ukuthatha amabhodwe we-peat, nawo atshalwe engadini ngaphandle kokususa izithombo kuwo. Kuzo, njengakwezinye iziqukathi, kuyadingeka ukubeka umhlabathi ofanele.

Ngokutshala i-daikon, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-peat pellets enobubanzi obungu-36 noma 42 mm

IDaikon ayinciphisi ngokwengeziwe ukwakheka kwenhlabathi engadini, kodwa lapho kukhula izithombo, inhlabathi yobumba akufanele isetshenziswe: inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhulu, ukukhanya, ukuphefumula, kepha kugcinwe umswakama kahle. Ngokuya ngesimo sendawo, ukwakheka kwawo kungafaka izakhi ezahlukahlukene, kepha kuyathandeka ukuthi i-peat ingenye yazo: ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo. Ungangeza umhlabathi we-turf, isihlabathi kanye ne-sawdust ukuze ubambe.

Uma umsuka womhlabathi ungabaza (awuthengwanga-ngomumo esitolo esikhethekile), khona-ke ngemuva kokuxuba izakhi kumele ungcoliswe. Ingashiswa kuhhavini wegesi okwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 noma, ngokulula kakhulu, ichithe isixazululo esipinki se-potanganum permanganate esimweni esimanzi. Lokhu kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ukuze inhlabathi yomile kamuva.

Ngokubulala amagciwane omhlabathi, ukugcwala okuphansi ngokwanele kwekhambi le-potanganum permanganate (2%) kwanele - kufanele kube pink

Inhlabathi ithululelwa emabhodweni ngobude okungenani be-10 cm: noma ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo, i-daikon iyakwazi ukukhula ngezimpande ezinde impela. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, ukuhlwanyela ebhokisini elijulile elijwayelekile nakho kungenzeka, kepha kuyodingeka ukukhipha izithombo kuwo lapho utshala engadini ngokucophelela.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezilungele izithombo. Uma kungenzeka, udinga ukukhetha lezo ezingakhi izitshalo zezimpande ezinde kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho ezimfishane ezivundile noma ezinde.

Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikhulayo, kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo eziyindilinga ze-daikon

Ngokomongo, ungahlwanyela i-daikon ngembewu eyomile, nakanjani ihluma. Kepha abalimi abanolwazi, ukuze amahlumela abe nobungane, bayelulekwa ukuthi bangafudumali kwangaphansi kwempahla yembewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

1. Imbewu icwilisa emanzini ashisayo (cishe angama-50 ^mayelanaC), lapho zigcinwa khona isigamu sehora (futhi, eqinisweni, kuze kube yilapho amanzi esephola).
2. Ngemuva kokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi abandayo ahlanzekile, uwafake esiqandisini ubusuku bonke.
3. Ngosuku olulandelayo, omile kancane futhi uhlwanyela.

Izinsuku zokutshala zezithombo

Izinsuku zokutshala zincike ezimweni zezulu zesifunda nokuthi ikhula kuphi i-daikon ngaphambi kokuvunwa: endaweni evulekile noma ku-greenhouse. Lesi yisiko elimelana nokubanda, okungukuthi, izitshalo zabantu abadala azesabi amazinga okushisa asondele ku-0 ^mayelanaC. Kepha kuzodingeka ukutshala izithombo engadini lapho iqhwa liphela kanye nesimo sezulu sifudumele. Ngalesi sikhathi kufanele abe yinyanga noma isigamu.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zibalo, uma sizothola isivuno endaweni evulekile, khona-ke izimo zaphakathi neRussia, iBelarus kanye ne-Ukraine eningi, ukuhlwanyela imbewu emabhodweni kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ezifundeni zase-Ural naseSiberia, izinsuku ziguqulwa amasonto ambalwa ziye ehlobo, kuthi eningizimu (Kuban, Lower Volga) ungahlwanyela maphakathi noma ngisho ekuqaleni kukaMashi.

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo yokutshala ubusika bokutshala i-daikon sincike ngokuphelele kukhwalithi eluhlaza abamba ukushisa: ezindaweni zokugcina ukushisa ezifudumele, izilimo zingatholakala unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke, akunangqondo enkulu ekukhuleni kwezithombo. Futhi ukutshala kwezithombo ku-unheated kwenziwa lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi okungenani li-10-15 ^mayelanaC. Kusukela esikhathini esilinganiselwe sezinsuku ezingama-35- 40, imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe izithombo.

IDaikon ingatshalwa unyaka wonke ku-greenhouse evuthayo

Ukuhlwanyela imithetho

Imbewu yeDaikon inkulu impela, ngakho-ke ukuhlwayela akunzima.

Imbewu yeDaikon ayincane kakhulu, ingahlwanyelwa futhi ngawodwana

Khiqize ngale ndlela:

1. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni okungaba ngu-2 cm, bese inisela inhlabathi ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlwanyelwa yikukhethwa komgcini wegadi: kuncike ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Njengomphumela, imbewu yokugoqa kufanele ishiye endaweni esemanzi kakhulu.
2. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, amabhodwe noma amabhokisi ambozwe ngengilazi noma ifilimu esobala futhi afakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo: kuze kube yilapho amahlumela, i-daikon ingadingi ukukhanya, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele libe lokushisa kwekamelo.
3. Kuzovela amahlumela, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nokushisa, ngezinsuku ezingama-4-7. Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu, ingilazi iyasuswa bese izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni epholile, ekhanyiswe kahle.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Ukunakekela i-daikon esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa kuyinto esemqoka: empeleni, akukho ongakwenza ngaphandle kokunisela. Kuliqiniso, kumele siqiniseke ukuthi unokukhanya okweneleko futhi akashisi khulu.

"Ukukhanya okwenele" akusho ukuthi udinga ukukhanyiswa ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amahora okukhanya kwemini akufanele abe mude, ngaphandle kwalokho esikhundleni sezitshalo ezimpande, ingadi yezimbali izotholwa engadini. Kepha phakathi nosuku, inani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga lemvelo kufanele liwele emabhodweni.

Kepha ukuchelela kuyadingeka ngokuhlelekile: ukomiswa okuncane komhlabathi kwezithombo ze-daikon kuyabulala. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ebhokisini elivamile, amahlumela kufanele ancishwe lapho ekhula, ukuze angaphazamisani. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, izithombo zingondliwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka somanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, yize lokhu kuyindlela yokuzikhethela.

Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, izithombo ziyashiswa, zijwayele umoya omusha (ukuthatha kuvulandi). Uma ikhula ngamabhodwe e-peat ahlukile noma kumathebhulethi, ngesikhathi sokutshala ingaba ngamaqabunga amabili kuphela eqiniso: esimweni sezulu esifudumele esisunguliwe, kungcono ukudlulisa i-daikon engadini kunokuyigcina efulethini. Kepha uma lezi yizimbiza zepulasitiki noma, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhokisi elijwayelekile, kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho kukhula amaqabunga amane.

Izithombo ze-Daikon zizobe zikulungele ukufakelwa kusuka kumthamo ophelele lapho okungenani kunamaqabunga amane weqiniso ezitshalweni

Ukufakwa kwe-Daikon emhlabathini

Kungenzeka udlulise izithombo embhedeni lapho izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini likhuphuka ngokuqinile lifinyelela ku-10 ^mayelanaC, futhi ebusuku isithwathwa sizoma. Inhlabathi kufanele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, kangcono - ekwindla. I-Daikon ikhula cishe yonke indawo, kodwa okungcono - okhanyayo we-sandy loam noma loam. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezivame ukukhula kumhlabathi wobumba: ezinezithelo ezinde azikwazi ukudabula inhlabathi esindayo, ngakho-ke izinhlobonhlobo ezinezitshalo eziyindilinga noma ezi-oval zitshalwa kubumba.

Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-daikon zikhula zibe zingama-60 cm noma ngaphezulu, futhi akunangqondo ukumba phansi ekujuleni okunjalo ngefosholo, abalimi abaningi benza okuhlukile:

1. Sebebambe umbhede phezu kocingo lokweluka, basusa umhlaba eceleni.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho ukumba kuyaphindwa, kwethula umanyolo engxenyeni engezansi yomhlaba (1 m² - ibhakede le-humus, i-50 g ye-superphosphate ne-litre yomlotha).
3. Umhlaba obekelwe eceleni ubuyiselwa kule ndawo futhi umbhede wethukile.

I-Daikon idinga isikhala esiningi, ngakho-ke akukho bude obungaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-30 phakathi kwezimbobo, futhi kungcono kufinyelele engxenyeni yemitha. Ukutshala izithombo ngendlela ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kokujula, ngezinga elifanayo njengoba lakhula ekhaya. Uma kufanele uyisuse emabhokisini noma emabhodweni, udinga ukukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela nangesixha esikhulu somhlaba, ngemuva kokugcwalisa izimbobo zobukhulu obufanele engadini. Izithombo ziniselwa kahle bese zigobhoza inhlabathi kancane nganoma iyiphi into eyomile eningi.

I-Daikon ayinakukhanywa: ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ngisho namaqabunga makhulu kakhulu

Ukutshala imbewu

Ukutshala i-daikon emhlabathini kulula kakhulu, futhi ngoba lokhu kwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, kunesikhathi sokulungiselela imibhede. Imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi imikhiqizo yesaladi ivunwa ngisho negalikhi. Kungokunembile ngemuva kukagalikhi ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-daikon.

Ukulungiswa kwemibhede

IDaikon iyakwazi ukumila kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha njengoba izinhlobo eziningi zinezitshalo ezinde kakhulu zezimpande, umhlaba kufanele ubiwe ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka. IDaikon ihlwanyelwa ehlobo ngemuva kwanoma isiphi isiko langaphambilini, okusho ukuthi inhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi isivele isiqediwe, futhi ibhalansi yemvelo yemvelo ayikakhiwa. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukumba umbhede ngomanyolo, kepha lokhu akunasici kufanele kube ngumquba omusha (muhle kakhulu uma umquba wethulwa ngaphansi komanduleli ekwindla). Ehlobo, ungenza umquba owakhiwe kahle (kuze kufike ebhakedeni eli-1 m²) nomanyolo wezimbiwa, kepha kungcono ukungazibandakanyi kuzo.

Egumbini elifanele - umquba obolile, odinga ukuletha embhedeni ngaphansi kwe-daikon

I-Superphosphate isebenza isikhathi eside, futhi kumele isetshenziswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi asikho isikhathi esisele ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela i-daikon. Ungangeza i-azofoska encane enhlabathini (40 g nge-1 m²), futhi kungcono ukuzikhawulela ngomlotha wezinkuni (uthela imbiza yelitha kumitha ngayinye yendawo). I-Ash futhi ilungile ekuphendukeleni amakhethini anqethulayo kanye namacimbi ahlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umbhede kufanele udalulwe nge-rake kanye nokuveza uhlaka lokufika.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-daikon zilungele ukuhlwanyelwa kwangaphandle ehlobo. Lowo othize kufanele akhethwe ngokuya ngezici zenhlabathi ezikule ndawo: esimweni somhlabathi osindayo, umuntu kufanele athenge imbewu yezinhlobo zezithelo ezimfishane.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala ngokuvamile akudingeki, yize abanye abalimi befudumeza imbewu emanzini ashisayo imizuzu engama-20-30. Umlobi walezi zintambo, obelima izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-daikon emashumini amathathu eminyaka adlule, akakaze akwenze lokhu: Imbewu ethengwa esitolo esinokwethenjelwa ihlala imila ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Isikhathi sokufika

Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela i-daikon yisimo esiyinhloko salesi sitshalo ukunikeza isivuno esijwayelekile sezitshalo zezimpande, futhi singaphumi umbala. Izinsuku zokutshala ezingalungile ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi ukuvuna kwalemifino kwehlule. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sesicishe sizimele esifundeni, kungaba ngabe Isifunda saseMoscow, ama-Urals noma amaKuban: ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe lapho amahora okukhanya kwemini esevele anciphile okungenani ihora, futhi lokhu kwenzeka kokubili eningizimu nasenyakatho engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi. Omunye umbuzo ukuthi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho (eSiberia, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga neRussia), i-daikon kungenzeka ingabi nesikhathi esifudumele sokunikeza isivuno esigcwele, kepha lo mbuzo uxazululwa ngokukhethwa kwezinhlobo kuphela.

Ngakho-ke, uma ungahlwanyela noma yiziphi izinhlobo eningizimu ngemuva kukaJulayi 15, khona-ke endaweni ephakathi neRussia kungcono ukulahla izinhlobo zakamuva, futhi ezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezinzima, khetha kuphela ezokuqala, njengoSasha, Misato Red, Misato Green. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, inkathi yokukhula ayidluli inyanga eyodwa nohhafu, futhi kakade ngoSepthemba zingavunwa. Futhi ukuze umshuwalense ngokuphelele ngokumelene zezimbali, zingatshalwa ngisho ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo zokuqala ze-daikon zaseRussia maphakathi

Ukuzama ukuhlwanyela i-daikon ngqo engadini entwasahlobo kuyize: lokhu kungenziwa kuphela eningizimu futhi kungakapheli usuku lokuqala kuka-Ephreli. Lapho-ke isiko lizoba nesikhathi sokunikeza isivuno esihle; Kuliqiniso, ngeke ligcinwe, kepha ekuvuseleleni kabusha komzimba ngamavithamini, kuzolingana ngokuphelele. Kwangathi izilimo zenziwa kuphela ngenhloso yokuthola imbewu.

Imithetho namaphethini wokufika

Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela i-daikon emhlabathini ovulekile luyafana nasendabeni yokutshala izithombo: emigqeni engu-30-45 cm (kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo), phakathi kwemigqa engama-50-60 cm. Ukutshala okuminyene kungenzeka kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezincane kakhulu futhi uma ukuvuna kufanele kube kancane, ngokudonsa izitshalo ezingakhuli ngokuphelele. Inqubo imi kanje:

1. Kungcono kakhulu hhayi ukudweba izimbobo, kodwa ukwenza imifino yokutshala kulo lonke ubude bebhedi ngokujula okungaba ngu-2 cm kubude obuyi-50-60 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
2. Uma umhlabathi ungamanzi kakhulu, izinhlwathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kufanele zichitheke kahle zisuka kumsele wokunisela ngaphandle kwe-strainer.
3. Ngo-grooves, ungafaka imbewu ngezingcezu ezi-2-3 amasentimitha ambalwa ngokwehlukana. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kuzocaca ukuthi yisiphi kuzo okufanele sisuswe sinqunywe kusaladi. (By the way, uma kukhona ibanga elanele phakathi kwezithombo, khona-ke ngeviki nesigamu angabiwa ngokucophelela futhi atshalwe, kepha kuphela esimweni sezulu esinamafu!)
4. Njengoba sesifafaze izitshalo ngomhlabathi, kubalulekile ukukuhlanganisa kancane.
5. Uma kungekho ukushisa okukhulu, awusakwazi ukuwunisela, kungenjalo kungcono ukuwuthambisa usukiwe, kepha nge-strainer.
6. Akudingekile ukumboza izitshalo zasehlobo; ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, izithombo zizovela. Kepha ukulahla phezu kombhede wotshani obunjiwe (ngaphandle kwembewu!) Kuzoba kuhle kakhulu.

Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa emiseleni nganoma yiliphi ibanga, kuya ngokuthi zingaki ezitholakalayo.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Daykon engadini

I-Daikon cishe ayidingi ukunakekelwa okungathi sína, idinga ukuniselwa kaningi kuphela. Ukomisa kwenhlabathi ngisho usuku olulodwa kusongela ukuthi isivuno sizokwehla kakhulu, kanti nezitshalo ezimpande ziyoqina. Ekushiseni, ukuchelela kuyadingeka cishe nsuku zonke, futhi umuntu akufanele wesabe ukugcwalisa: ngisho nangokwakheka kwezigxoba lezi radish ngeke zibole. Ukuze unciphise imvamisa yokunisela, udinga nje ukukhulula inhlabathi kancane, ngasikhathi sinye ukhiphe ukhula. Okungcono kakhulu ukuyihlanganisa nge-peat noma nge-humus enhle.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-daikon zinamathela kakhulu emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi isigamu sokuphakama kwezitshalo ezimpande. Ekuqaleni, leyo ngxenye yawo enyuka ngaphezu komhlaba kufanele ikhule kancane, lokhu kwenza ukuthi imifino ibe luster kuphela. Lapho isikhathi sokuvuna sesiseduze, ukuvuthwa kuyamiswa.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-daikon zinamathela kakhulu emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kungcono

Emhlabathini wenhlabathi evundile, i-daikon inika isivuno esihle ngisho nangaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu; kunomanyolo owanele owethulwa ngesikhathi sokumba. Kwezinye izimo, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-4-5, umbhede ufafazwa ngomlotha wokhuni ngaphambi kokunisela, kuthi uhhafu wethisipuni le-azofoska ulethwe eduze kwesitshalo ngasinye.

Uma imbewu nenhlabathi bezingathelelekanga ngalutho, izifo ezikule radish azivamile, kepha zinambuzane eziningi. Lokhu ngokuyimpucu okuyisiphambano, kanye neklabishi ukundiza kanye nomhlophe.AmaMarigolds, atshalwe eduzane, angaphezu kwesigamu axazulula le nkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufafaza ngezikhathi ngezikhathi nge-infusions yepelepele eshisayo noma uthuli kagwayi, kanye nothuli ngothuli ngemuva kokunisela, kuyasebenza.

UMarigold ohlwanyelwe eduze kwe-daikon akukhona ubuhle kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvikelwa

Ukuvunwa kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, kodwa lapho kufika isithwathwa sokuqala, sekuyisikhathi sokusula ngokuphelele imibhede. Kungenzeka ukukhipha i-daikon kuphela kunhlabathi ekhanyayo; imvamisa kufanele usebenzise ifosholo noma i-pitchfork. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo sezimpande sihamba ngaphansi komhlaba isigamu semitha, uma sonakala ngesikhathi sokumba, ngeke sigcinwe. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokusebenza okubonakala kulula njengokulula kwenziwa kahle ndawonye.

Ividiyo: izeluleko ezikhulayo ze-daikon

Izici zokutshala ku-greenhouse

Lapho kukhula i-daikon, ingadi yezitshalo eluhlaza kungadingeka ezimweni ezimbili:

• uma kunesifiso sokuthola isivuno kusenesikhathi, lapho endaweni evulekile inhlabathi ingakavuthiwe yokutshala;
• uma uhlala esifundeni esibanda kakhulu, lapho phakathi nokuhlwanyela ngoJulayi emhlabathini ovulekile, ngisho nezinhlobo zokuqala ze-daikon ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Ukutshala i-Greenhouse akuyona neze inkimbinkimbi kunokwejwayelekile, konke kwenziwa ngokufana. Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo noma sokuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa sinqunywa yikhwalithi eluhlaza kanye nesifunda: ngokwesibonelo, eJapan, i-daikon ikhula ezindaweni ezigcina izithombo unyaka nonyaka, ilawula izinga lokushisa futhi inikeze ukukhanya okwengeziwe ezinyangeni zasebusika. Kuluhlaza gude ongagcinwanga endaweni ephakathi yezwe lethu, i-daikon ingahlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, enyakatho - kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ukulima ekwindla, ukuhlwanyela ku-greenhouse kwenziwa ngo-Agasti wonke, kepha enyakatho, mhlawumbe lezi zinsuku zingaba mfushane, kuya ngokuthi ukushisa kwelanga kugcina ukushisa kangakanani ekwindla.

Uma sikhuluma ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo kwe-daikon, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuthatha izinhlobo zokuqala ukuze ube nesikhathi sokutshala ukhukhamba, upelepele noma utamatisi endaweni engenalutho emva kokuvuna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ku-greenhouse kumele ivikelwe, kanti izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zivame ukubumbana kakhulu, zingatshalwa noma ngabe kudingekile ngokwephethini engu-10 x 20 cm. ^mayelanaC, nangemva kokuvela kwezithombo, masinyane qala ukuvula izindawo zokugcina ukuze wehlise okwesikhashana ku-7-8 ^mayelanaC. Lesi silinganiso sibangela ukukhula ngokushesha kwezimpande. Ngemuva kwesonto, kufanele usethe izinga lokushisa elilungile: 16-18 ^mayelanaUjabule no-10-12 ^mayelanaNgobusuku.

Ukunakekela imifino endaweni ebamba ukushisa kujwayelekile:

• ukuthambisa ejwayelekile
• ukukhulula
• ukususa ukhula.
• airing njalo: lokhu kulawula amazinga okushisa futhi kuqeda nengozi yezifo.

Njengoba inhlabathi ingaqabuki ishintshwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, isuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kuthuthukiswa ukondla i-daikon kanye ngesonto: okokuqala ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngokuqala kokulayisha kwezimpande zezitshalo, ngokufaka umlotha.

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-daikon zithatha isikhala esiningi engadini, futhi kuwisihawu ukuhlala endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuyona.

Daikon eyandulelayo lapho kokwehla

Lapho uphendula umbuzo mayelana nezingqalasizinda ezingcono kakhulu nezingathandeki zemifino engadini, abalimi bavame ukukhumbula amaphuzu amabili:

• owandulelayo akufanele abe nohlu olufanayo lwezifo nezinambuzane ngesitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso;
• womabili amasiko kufanele abe nokuthandwa ngokuhlukile "kokudla", okungukuthi, owandulelayo akufanele aqede kakhulu inhlabathi ngalezo zinto ezidingekayo ngobukhulu besiko lesibili.
  

  Ukuze ungadideki ukuthi yisiphi isivuno okufanele usitshala, ungasebenzisa itafula lokushintshwa elenzelwe isilimo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abalimi ngokwabo bacebisa inhlabathi ngezakhi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi amagciwane alungisa i-nitrogen ahlala ezimpandeni zephunga nobhontshisi, amunca nitrogen emoyeni futhi awuhumushele esimweni sezinto eziphilayo.

Ngakho-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi i-daikon ayikwazi ukutshalwa engadini lapho noma yiziphi izilimo ezibethelwe eminyakeni edlule ezimbalwa:

• yiluphi uhlobo iklabishi,
• isithombo
• itheniphu
• isithombo.

I-Daikon ikhula kahle ngemuva kwezaqathi, ukhukhamba, noma yiliphi ithanga nezilimo ezihlala elangeni. Kepha maphakathi nehlobo, le mifino isakhula ngokushintshana okugcwele engadini, futhi kuyachithwa ukugcina umhlaba ungasebenzi ezindaweni ezincane isikhathi eside kangaka! Ngakho-ke, bazama ukutshala i-daikon ngemuva kwalezo zilimo esezivunwe ukuphela kukaJulayi.

Phakathi kwemifino eshiya imibhede ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-daikon, ababhekeli phambili abahamba phambili yile:

• uphizi
• amasaladi
• ukukhothama
• ugarlic
• amazambane amancane.

I-radish yaseJapan ayinandaba namanye amasiko.

Yini engakheki futhi engenakutyalwa i-daikon eduzane

Kukhona amatafula ahlukahlukene okuhambelana kwezitshalo zasengadini nezingadi komunye nomunye, ngokufana nangokuhlukahluka kobuchwepheshe bezolimo, kanye nohlobo lwezifo eziphambili nezinambuzane. Isibonelo, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi u-anyanisi kanye nezaqathe zihlala kahle embhedeni ofanayo, ngoba zibulala izitha zomakhelwane bazo - izimpukane zika-anyanisi nezaqathi.

Kwi-daikon, u-anyanisi uthathwa njengomakhelwane omuhle, osusa amakhethini asemnqamlezweni nezimvemvane ngokukhiqiza kwawo okuguquguqukayo. Amanye amasiko anobungane:

• izaqathe
• beet
• noma yiliphi isiko lethanga: i-zucchini, u-squash, ithanga, ukhukhamba.

Musa ukutshala i-daikon eduze kwezitshalo ezinjalo:

• uphizi
• yiluphi uhlobo iklabishi,
• sitrobheli.

Ividiyo: Ukutshala okuhlanganisiwe kwe-daikon nezinye izitshalo

Izici zokutshala izinhlobo ze-daikon uSasha noMinovashi

Njengamanje, kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-daikon, hhayi kuphela ezivela kumvelaphi yaseJapan, kodwa futhi nokukhethwa kweRussia. Mhlawumbe, omunye wabathandwa kakhulu ngummeleli ongenisiwe waseMinovashi nowasekhaya - uSasha. Bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye ngokubukeka nangezimo ezikhulayo.

Daikon izinhlobo Sasha

Kukholakala ukuthi i-daikon Sasha inyuse ukumelana nokudubula. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlwanyela kakhulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo, usazokuphendula kabi emahoreni amakhulu emini. Kepha ngenxa yokuchuma okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, uyakwazi ukwakhela izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu. Noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu, isikhathi saso sokukhula asidluli inyanga eyodwa nohhafu, futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isivuno silungile ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokuvela.

ISasha ayinazo izitshalo eziyimpande ezinkulu eziyindilinga (ezinesisindo esisuka ku-200 kuye ku-400 g no-10 cm ubukhulu); ibukeka njenge-radish emhlophe ejwayelekile. Esigabeni sokuvuthwa okugcwele, cishe isigamu sezithelo sikhuphuka ngenhla komhlaba. Ukunambitheka kwe-dris crisp pulp kubonakaliswa njengento enhle kakhulu, ngaphandle komunyu, okuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe ekudleni ngisho nasekudla kwengane.

USasha uthatha isikhala esincane, akanaso isivuno esikhulu kakhulu, kepha simnandi futhi sigcina ngokushesha okukhulu

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nakulo abamba ukushisa. Ngenxa ye-Ultra-usahihi, iSasha ingahlwanyelwa hhayi kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuze isetshenziswe ekwindla, kodwa futhi nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanye ne-radish ejwayelekile. Ukuyitshala ngokusebenzisa izithombo akunangqondo. Kodwa-ke (ngombono wokubuka ingemuva lokushisa), uSasha akathandi ngempela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kumazinga okushisa obusuku nemini (inyama yezimpande zezitshalo), ngenxa yalokho, kulezo zikhathi nakulezo zindawo zezulu lapho lokhu kungenzeka, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, entwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwehlobo, kufanele sibe ukulungisa.

Ngesikhathi sokutshala ehlobo kwe-daikon Sasha ehlobo, ungakuhlwanyela phakathi kwemigqa engakavunwa, kodwa icishe ugcwalise u-anyanisi, ubulale izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa:

• ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndawo izosindiswa (futhi ngeviki lokuqala elilodwa nengxenye le daikon ayithathi isikhala esiningi);
• ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphunga le-anyanisi lizovimba izinambuzane emgqondweni omncane we-daikon.

Njengoba lokhu kuhlukahluka kungazakhi izitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu, kungahlwanyelwa kakhulu: phakathi kwembewu kunebanga elanele le-15-20 cm, phakathi kwemigqa cishe ngo-25 cm. Nokho, kuvame ukuhlwanyelwa kaningi, futhi lapho amahlumela ekhula abuyele, acishe abe: amahlamvu ama-daikon amasha anezela izinongo kunoma yiliphi amasaladi ehlobo.

Emavikini amabili ngemuva kokuhluma, i-daikon Sasha iqala ukwakha isivuno sezimpande, ngakho-ke, uma kungenjalo konke ukuthambisa sekufezwe kuleliphuzu, kukhishwe amakhophi kamuva kungavele kuchotshozwe kumasaladi kanye nezimpande.

Daikon izinhlobo Minovashi

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaseJapan zaphakathi nesizini, ezifakwe kwiRegional State yeRussian Federation, zihlala engadini izinyanga ezimbili nesigamu. Izitshalo ezingabangelwa ukwakheka kwama-cylindrical zikhula zide kakhulu, zinesisindo kufika ku-1.5 kg, zibonakaliswa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Kukhule ukumelana nokudubula. Njengoba iMinovashi yakha impande ende emavikini okuqala okukhula kwayo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyikhulisa ngesigaba sokutshala (ngoba lokhu, amabhodwe ajulile adingeka nje).

I-Minovashi - daikon yefomu "lesezingeni eliphezulu", ende, enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezimnandi kakhulu

IMinovashi ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngembewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngenxa yesikhathi sokukhula esilingana nesikhathi eside, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo endaweni ephakathi kuyenzeka kuphela ku-greenhouse, lapho kutyalwe khona ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kwalokho. Ungazama ukuhlwanyela engadini (ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli), kodwa kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo zokuqala zakulesi, bese ushiya iMinovashi ukuze isetshenziswe ekwindla futhi uhlwanyele engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi.

Izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhulu impela, ngakho-ke ibanga elingaphansi kakhulu lapho kutshalwa kungama-30 × 60 cm. Ngaphezu kwalawa mabanga, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitshalo sezimpande singena emhlabathini ngokujula okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ungqimba oluvundile luncane, ngaphambi kokutshala ezindaweni eziqokiwe, abalimi abanolwazi badiliza imbobo ene-crowbar ekujuleni okungenani kwengxenye yemitha bese befaka umanyolo wendawo (imbiza ye-compost, umlotha omncane, isipuni se-azofoska). Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi umbozwe ngenhlabathi bese kuthi i-daikon ihlwanyelwe ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, iMinovashi itshalwa ngemuva kokuvuna u-anyanisi noma ugalikhi, yenze umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali engadini. Izinqubo zokutshala nokunakekela iMinovashi azihlukile kulezo zezinye izinhlobo, kepha isivuno kumele senziwe ngokucophelela: izitshalo ezinde ezimpandeni ziyabukeka kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze ungaphuli, kufanele uzidwebe cishe njengezihlahlana zasengadini.

Ividiyo: Minovashi ahlukahlukene ama-daikon isivuno

IDaikon iyimifino enempilo futhi emnandi, izitshalo zayo eziyimpande zishaye ngosayizi wazo, kanti nobuchwepheshe bezolimo buphawuleka ngendlela elula. Eqinisweni, ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo i-daikon, kudingeka izimo ezimbili kuphela: ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi esifanele nokunisela okuningana. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuvuna okuhle kwalesi radish yaseJapan kusemandleni omuntu, ngisho nesiqalo, umhlali wasehlobo.