Akukhona kuphela ubuhle bezimbali kanye nobude bezimbali ezihehayo petunia flower abalimi. Ishintsha kalula ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokunakekelwa, kudinga izindlela zokulima ezilula. Kwanele ukugcina imodi yokunisela futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uyondla ukuze uthole isihlahla esiqhakazayo esikhulayo endaweni yakho. Ungakwazi ukuyikhuphula kusuka ku-cuttings yakhe eqoqwe noma kusuka ezivunini ezithengiwe. Kodwa kulula ukuthenga imbewu yezitshalo.
Petunia ampelous: incazelo yesitshalo
I-Petunias isetshenziswe ngokulangazelayo ekukhuleni ensimini, e-flowerbeds, e-balconies yokuhlobisa, ama-verandas. Unemibala ehlukahlukene kunazo zonke yezimbali, ezingase ziqhakaze ngaphezu kwengqikithi yesayizi noma zifinyelele ngo-9-10 cm ububanzi. Lokhu konke ukuhlukahluka kwahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: oqondile ne-ampelous petunias. Ubude behlumela zezitshalo eziqondile bufinyelela ku-70 cm, kepha emva kokulula phezulu, kancane kancane bawe emhlabathini. Lezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile zithatha ukutshala emibhedeni yembali.
Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngamahlumela amakhulu okulenga, asetshenziselwa umhlobiso ophilayo. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, ubude belokhi bufinyelela kumamitha owodwa nengxenye. I-Petunia ikhule emabhokisini, amabhasikidi, amabhokisi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasetshenziswa njengendwangu yomhlabathi engadini, emagqumeni ase-alpine, asetshenziselwa izimbali.
Abanye ochwepheshe abaqhathanisa elinye iqembu lezintombi - i-semi-amber Ikhula isihlahla esinezihlahla ezinamahlumela angaphezu kuka-40 cm futhi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengesitshalo sasendlini.
Uyazi? I-Petunia ingokwakhe uhlobo lwezitshalo nezilwane ezidalwa yi-herbaceous ze-family of nightshade. Indawo yayo yemvelo yizindawo ezishisayo zaseParaguay, e-Uruguay, eBolivia, e-Argentina naseBrazil. Empeleni, igama lesi sitshalo linezimpande zaseBrazil: "petun" lisho "ugwayi". Ingqikithi kukhona okungenani izinhlobo ezingu-25 zalesi sitshalo, hhayi ukubala izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene.
Lesi sitshalo sinemibala ehlukahlukene embala. Kungaba yi-monophonic, ngamathoni amabili noma amathathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhliziyo, imithanjeni, umngcele ojikeleze emaphethelweni ngisho nama-specks kuphela angadwetshwa ngombala ohlukile. Izimbali zefenethi ezinjenge-bell zingaba yi-terry noma i-semi-double, eyakhiwe, eqoshiwe, eqoshiwe noma ebushelelezi.
Izinhlobo ze-hybrid ziye zashintsha ngezindlela ezimbili: iningi-lithembekile futhi likhululekile. Ngamanye amunium petunia inezimiso ezithile zokutshala nokunakekelwa. Ngakho-ke, abaningi-baphenduka babecabangela ukungathobeki. Ziphuziswa ngokwanele ngesikhathi, zifaka ngezikhathi ezithile umanyolo emanzini, futhi zinikeze ukukhanya okwanele. Banikeza amancane, kube ngu-5 cm ububanzi, kodwa izimbali eziningi. Ama-inflorescences aphelile alala ngokuzimela.
I-large-flowered ingafinyelela u-10 cm ububanzi, kodwa ayiniki izimbali eziningi kangaka. Noma kunjalo, ukunakekelwa kwabo kudinga kakhulu. Badinga isibalo esithile sokukhanya, ukushisa, ukubunjwa okuqondile kwenhlabathi, kanye nokusika izihlahla eziphelile njalo.
Indlela yokutshala i-petunia ampelous
Njengomthetho, ukutshalwa kwe-ampelous petunia kuqala ngokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukuze lesi sitshalo siphume ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, sisebenzela ukuhlwanyela ngoFebhuwari, njengoba lesi sitshalo siqala kancane kancane. Ungawuhlwanyela ngoMashi, kodwa kufanele ucabangele izici zezinhlobonhlobo nezimo lapho imbali izokhula khona. Kuphawulwe ukuthi ama-petunias amakhulu amakhulu anikezela izimbali zokuqala ezinsukwini ezingu-85-90 ngemva kokuhlwanyela, futhi ezincane-zinyuka - ezinsukwini ezingu-70-75. Kunoma yikuphi, ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo yesitshalo, udinga ukunikeza ukukhanya okungeziwe.
Ungatshala futhi uhlume izimbali, uthenge esitolo esikhethekile. Kulokhu, uzojabulela izimbali kuze kube sekwephuzile.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo zekhwalithi eziphakeme zitshalwe kuphela ngokubanjwa kwesikhashana. Phakathi nosuku ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kunikelwa, futhi ebusuku kubumbene. Qaphela umbuso wokushisa futhi ungavumeli inhlabathi ibe yomelele. Gcwalisa isitshalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esitsheni esithe xaxa uma ubona ukuthi izimpande zawo sezivele zihamba phambili. Uma ufuna izithombo zilula kakhulu, uthele inhlabathi engaphezulu. Izinhlobo ezincane ze-petunia zitshalwe ngamaphilisi e-peat.
Ukukhetha indawo yesitshalo
Lapho ukhetha indawo ye-petunia, khumbula ukuthi uthanda ukukhanya kakhulu. Kuzohambisana nehlangothini eningizimu, lapho phakathi nosuku kungukukhanya kwelanga. Isayithi ngokwazo kufanele livuleke futhi lingabanjwanga. Ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile kungaba nesiqiniseko sokuthi asibambe iqhwa phansi. Njengomthetho, lena yingxenye yesibili kaMeyi. Ukufika ngokwalo kuqhutshwa kusihlwa noma ngosuku oluthile.Uma ufuna ukuhambisa i-petunia efulethini, khetha futhi i-window eseningizimu-sills. Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele, faka izibane ze-fluorescent ukuze ukwandise amahora okukhanya kwelanga lokutshala amahora angu-14-20.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Embuzweni wokuthi ungatshala kanjani i-petunia, kubalulekile ukunquma ukwakheka okulungile kwenhlabathi. Ukuze imbali inike izimbali ezimnandi, ingqondo idinga inhlabathi evundile futhi enomsoco enezinga elanele lokuqina komswakama. Ngakho-ke, lizohambisana nenhlabathi enesihlabathi esinehlabathi enesihlabathi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyihlaba ngamahlamvu amaqabunga noma umquba obolile. Kodwa udaba olusha olusha lufanele lushiywe, njengoba luvusa izifo zefungal.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izithombo ze-ampelous petunia
Kunemithetho eminingana eyisisekelo yokutshala isithombo se-petunia esinamandla. Uma ubambelela kubo, nakanjani uzothula isitshalo esinempilo futhi esiphuthumayo.
Okokuqala, khetha imbewu ephakeme kakhulu kusukela kubakhiqizi base entshonalanga yokuhlwanyela. Ngakho uqiniseke ukuthi uhluma kahle imbewu. Khetha isisekelo sokuqala esiphezulu nesitolo esiphakeme kwisitolo esikhethekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukuyibeka kuhhavini noma ukuyikhipha nge-disinfect ngendlela ekhethekile.
Qaphela izinsuku zokutshala. Kubalulekile ukubandakanya imbewu yokuhluma hhayi ngaphambi kukaFebruwari, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli. Gcina ngokuqinile izincomo zokuhlwanyela nokutshala izithombo ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zidinga ukuqhuma ngesikhathi. Emhlabathini ovulekile itshalwe kanye ne-clock earthy, ukuze ingalimazi uhlelo lwempande. I-Amunia petunia inephethini layo lokutshala: kufanele kube khona ibanga lokungenani ngamasentimitha angu-30 emkhatsini wezihlahla. Kubalulekile ukutshala amanzi emva kokutshala, nokutshala indawo endaweni etshalwe ngosuku olulandelayo.
Nisela amanzi njalo isitshalo, ugxile emanzini aphethwe izimbali. Izimo zokushisa eziqinile zibalulekile kuphela uma zikhula izithombo. Imbewu kufanele ihlume ekushiseni kwe-18-20 ° C, kanye ne-spike ekushiseni kwe-16-18 ° C. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu yimodi yokuqabuleka. Kuze kube yilapho izithombo zikhula futhi zivuthiwe, kufanele zibheke okungenani amahora angu-14 ngosuku. Isikhathi sonke semifino petunia sidinga ukudla. Kulokhu, kusetshenziselwa umquba omanzi noma we-granular.
Imithetho yePetunia Care
Manje ake sihlolisise imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela isitshalo.
Ukunisela nokutshala izitshalo
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuzeni i-petunias - amanzi anele. Inani layo kufanele landa njengoba isitshalo sikhula. Uma ukhulula umthamo we-vegetative, uma udinga kakhulu umswakama. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli umhlaba ume, kungenjalo amahlumela ezitshalo azinzima, amaqabunga aqhekekile, futhi izimbali zibe zincane. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenzeke okungaphansi kokuphindwe kabili ngosuku: ekuseni nakusihlwa. I-Petunias ekhuliswe emabhokisini ngokuvamile iphakanyiswa ukuba igxilwe emanzini ngamanzi.
Kodwa ukungaphezu komswakama nakho kunomphumela omubi esitshalweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa umzuzwana lapho umswakama usukhulile, kodwa umhlaba awusomile okwamanje. Zama ukuthatha inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo bese uyiphonsa eminwe yakho. Uma inhlabathi ingashiyi amamaki ezandleni futhi idiliza ngokuphelele, inomile ngokwanele futhi idinga ukuchelela.
Uyazi? Uma ungenalo ithuba lokuphuza isitshalo kaningi, engeza i-hydrogel emhlabathini. Ubamba umswakama, ungakuvumeli ukuba uqhume, futhi kancane kancane uyinike isitshalo. Ngakho unganciphisa imvamisa yokunisela kabili - kathathu.
Isitshalo sidinga ukondla cishe kanye ngesonto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphate. Kodwa izinhlobo ezithile ze-petunia, isibonelo, ezivela eqenjini lePotunia, zinconywa ukuba zondliwe ngokunisela okunye. Ukuqala ngokudla okunamandla ngesikhathi sokufika, kufanele kuphungulwe kancane kancane, ukuma endaweni yokuhlushwa cishe ngo-2-3 g ilitha ngalinye lamanzi. Uma kungenjalo, izimbali eziningi ngeke ulinde.
Kweminye imifino, ukuhlushwa kokudla okuketshezi kumele kungabi ngaphezu kuka 5 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunconywa ukuba uthele ukugqoka enhlabathini eyomile noma ngokunisela - kungenzeka ukushisa izinwele zezingcwangu, lapho umswakama ubambe khona. Ngakho isitshalo singafa. Njengomthetho, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-cap eyodwa ngetitha ngalinye emphakathini, kodwa uma kwenzeka i-petunia, isigamu kufanele sithathwe. Futhi batusa icebo elinjalo lokunisela nokufaka umquba: ukuphuza inhlabathi ekuseni, nokufaka umanyolo kusihlwa.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
I-Petunia ithululelwa ngokucophelela emthonjeni, ukuze amanzi angawa phezu kwezimbali. Ngosuku olulandelayo, inhlabathi ezungeze izimbali zokhula, ukhulule futhi ususe ukhula. Qaphela ukuthi inhlabathi ayibambeki kanzima.
Indlela yokunciphisa ampelous petunia, yakha isihlahla
Ngisho noma i-petunia ihlungwa kahle, phakathi kwamahlumela ehlobo kusukela empandeni kuze kube phakathi nendawo ubude amaqabunga awo, futhi izimbali zihlala kuphela ekupheleni kwamagatsha. Ukuze kulondolozwe izilinganiso zesitshalo, kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwesihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphandle kwesihawu esikhethekile, unqume cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zehlumela, naphezu kokuthi kusekhona igatsha elingenalutho.
Kubalulekile! I-Petunia bush ingasindiswa ngenkathi elandelayo, uma uyibeka endaweni epholile futhi ekhanyayo ekushiseni okungama-7-10 ° C. Lokhu kungase kube ibhaluni, i-loggia, kodwa hhayi indawo engaphansi. Ngaphambi kokuthumela ubusika, lesi sitshalo kufanele futhi sinqunywe yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu. Iphuziswa kaningi, futhi ngo-Mashi, uthathe futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, etshalwe e-substrate entsha kanye nebhasi elibanzi. Nakuba abalimi bembali batusa ukuba bangahlanganyeli ngendlela enzima, kodwa ukuthenga imbewu enhle entwasahlobo.
U-Amun petunia ulungiswe kahle, ukuphoqa kule nkinga ngeke kusize okuningi. Uma kuphela ukuphela kwehlumela kususiwe, amahlumela amasha engxenyeni evelele ngeke avele noma kunjalo. Ukuze ugweme ukungabi khona kwe-aesthetics yenqubo enjalo, ingenziwa ezinyathelweni eziningana, ukusika amagatsha amabili noma amathathu anesonto elilodwa.
I-Amulet petunia: i-pinching
Ukuze imbali yayibuhle futhi imbali, kufanele ifakwe. Lokhu kuzosindisa amagatsha ekulimala okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuvela amahlumela amasha kanye nobuningi behlathi.
Indlela yokugcoba ampelnoe petunia ngokufanele? Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, kumele ususe iphuzu lesibhamu, ikakhulukazi uma selulekile kakhulu. Kuhambisana naye kuyadingeka ukuthi uphonse zonke izimbali eziqhakazayo, ikakhulukazi uma amabhokisi embewu evela kuwo. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo sizobeka wonke amandla ayo ekubunjweni kwawo, futhi ngeke ubone izimbali.
Indlela imbali ikhula ngayo
Indlela evame kakhulu yokuzalanisa imbali imbewu. Kodwa ungakwazi ukuyizalanisa kanye nokusika. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho, kodwa ilungele ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-ampelous petunias, ezibiza kakhulu.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Uma unquma ukutshala imbali kusuka enzalweni, bese uthenga okusha esitolo. Akunconywa ukuwaqoqa ngokuzimela kusuka e-petunias ekhulayo endaweni. Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo ezimelelwe ezitolo namuhla ziyi-hybrid. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuzona zonke izibonakaliso zokhuni lomama ezidluliselwa esizukulwaneni esilandelayo, futhi ekugcineni uzothola ezihlukahlukene ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezinhlobo eziningana esiqhingini, cishe zizophinde zithole impova. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo azikwazi ukusetha imbewu nhlobo, njengokuthi, isibonelo, terry.
Izimbewu ezithengiwe zihlwanyelwa emhlabathini wezakhi ezivuthiwe kahle, zithelelwa emabhokisini akhethekile. Imbewu ayifafazwe ngenhlabathi, kodwa igcwele ifilimu ebonakalayo noma ingilazi ukuze ikhanyiswe ngokwanele.
Uyazi? Imbewu yePetunia incane kakhulu: izinhlamvu eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ngegramu eyodwa yezinhlamvu. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlwanyela, zixubene nesihlabathi ngokulinganisa kwe-1: 5 noma zithenga izinto zokutshala ezakhiwe e-dragee.
Ukuhluma kwembewu enhle kutholakala ekushiseni kwama-22-24 ° C kanye nomswakama ka 95-98%. Amahlumela enza indlela yawo cishe ngesonto noma amabili. Ngeshidi lokuqala susa indawo yokukhosela. Nsuku zonke kumele baphonswe futhi kancane kancane banciphise izinga lokushisa. Ngesikhathi izitshalo ebhokisini zithola amandla, izinga lokushisa lomoya lendawo kufanele libe yi-18-20 ° C emini kanye no-14-16 ° C ebusuku.
Cishe inyanga emva kokuhlwanyela, uma kukhona okungenani amaqabunga amabili amahlumela, ahamba, ajulise ihlumela emhlabathini kuze kube seqabeni lokuqala. Ukukhula kwezithombo kunganciphisa kakhulu, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi wonke amandla esitshalo aya ekwakheni uhlelo lwempande. Uma ihlanganisa amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu, kuyadingeka ukuba ufeze.
Ungakhohlwa ukuphuza izithombo ngesikhathi futhi ngokwanele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ugweme umswakama oqhubekayo. Izihlumela ezincane zijwayele isifo somlenze omnyama.
Kubalulekile! "Umlenze Omnyama" - isifo sefungal. Kungabonakala kuphela emahlumela amancane emavikini okuqala okuphila kwawo. Uma i-sprung iqhuma, iwa futhi isomile, cishe igciwane le fungus. Ukuze kuvikelwe, kunconywa ukuba uchithe izithombo ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele ube nomoya omuhle. Izitshalo ezilungiselelwe kahle zizizwa zihle ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa liwehla ku-10 ° C.
Cuttings
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-petunia, ukuhlanganiswa kuyasetshenziswa futhi. Ziyichitha ngoFebhuwari - Meyi, kodwa uma udala izimo ezinhle zokutshala izinto, ungayichitha unyaka wonke. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa ukukhanyisa kanye nokushisa kwama-15-22 ° C. I-cuttings itshalwe ngamaphilisi e-peat, amaminithi angama-litre amathayi noma amabhokisi ezithombo ezihlangene nomhlabathi.
Ukusika izitshalo ezivela enhlobonhlobo ye-uterine kunqunywa nge-angeli ukuze kube khona amaqabunga angu-4-6 kokutshala, futhi ukusika ngokwawo akusekho ngaphezu kuka-10 cm ubude. Amaqabunga amabili aphezulu ashiywe kuwo futhi ngokushesha atshalwa phansi ukuze abe yingxenye yesine yomlenze. Uma utshalwa ebhokisini, qiniseka ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwe-cuttings alingaphansi kwama-1.5 cm. Izithombo kufanele zimbozwe ngeglasi noma ifilimu evulekile, zinikeze izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-21 ° C nokukhanya okuningi.
Izimpande ze-cuttings zivela ngosuku lwesi-5-10. Khona-ke kudingeka bakunake ngendlela efanayo nezitshalo ezitholakala emzalweni. Lapho uhlelo lwempande luqinile ngokwanele, bawela emathangi ahlukene. Inzuzo yalesi sivuno ukuthi inikeza izimbali ezinsukwini ezingu-20-35 emva kokutshala.
Petunia - isitshalo esingahlengi kahle. Uma uhlinzeka ngokukhanya okukhulu futhi okuchichima futhi uqaphele umswakama womhlabathi, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ubude bawo bude kangakanani. Ngenxa yokuziqhenya kwehlathi ngesikhathi esanele sokubamba futhi ukusika izihlahla. Ikwazi ukuphindwa njenge-cuttings kanye nembewu. Okukhethwa kukho okugcina kunenzuzo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uthenga imbewu ezitolo ezikhethekile. Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlamvu, ngokuqinisekile uzothola okuhambisana ngokuphelele engadini yakho.
