Ukutshala ubhontshisi oyihlobiso kanye nokunakekela ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, futhi nephunga lezimbali elimnandi isikhathi eside. Lesi sitshalo sikhuphukela kunoma yiziphi izixhaso, singakwazi ukuhlobisa i-gazebo, udonga lwendlu, sivele sifihle noma yiziphi izakhiwo ezingezinhle. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izithelo ziyavela.
Incazelo nezimpawu zesitshalo
Ngokuvamile kumasayithi ethu ungathola ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa ngezimbali ezibubende ezibubende obukhanyayo. Kepha imibala ehlukahlukene yayo ichuma kakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuthi umbala onsomi wezimbali uvela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zobhontshisi, obomvu ovuthayo uyizinhlobo ezihlukile. Okwamanje, kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele: izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zimboza wonke umehluko wemibala ongafinyeleleka.
Ubhontshisi ulungele ingadi emile mpo
Ubhontshisi ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-5, futhi kulokhu konke ukwelula amahlumela azama ukubamba okuthile. Lesi yisiko elithanda ukushisa, kepha alidingi zimo ezikhethekile, likhula kahle kunoma iyiphi indawo enelanga. Emthunzini, uzizwa embi ngokwedlulele, kepha futhi uthokozisa umnikazi ngezimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ziyadliwa, noma kunjalo, bambalwa abalimi abazidlayo, bekhetha ukutshala okusanhlamvu noma izinhlobo ze-asparagus ngokwehlukana embhedeni omncane walokhu.
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye ubhontshisi, okokuhlobisa ugcwalisa inhlabathi eyizungezile nge-nitrogen, ukuyidonsa kusuka ekujuleni kwenhlabathi nasemoyeni bese uyihumushela ezingxenyeni zokugaya ezinqwabelana kumaqhubu ezimpande. Kulokhu, lapho kuphela isizini, izitshalo azikhiphi: zinqunywa ebusweni bomhlabathi, zishiya izimpande zisendaweni.
Amazambane atshalwe eduzane akhulisa umkhiqizo wawo ngenxa yekhono ubhontshisi wokukhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Futhi inqwaba eluhlaza obhontshisi wokuhlobisa osuswe ekwindla ithunyelwa emgodini womquba, lapho ithuthukisa khona ukwakheka kwemfucuza yesitshalo eqoqwe ngenani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba.
ISolanaceae, ekhula eduze nobhontshisi, ayithinteki ngokulimala sekwephuzile. Akayithandi iphunga lakhe nohungane lwamazambane aseColorado.
Izwe lobhontshisi wokuhlobisa yiLatin America, igama lakhona elihunyushwa ngokuthi "umkhumbi wokuhamba ngomkhumbi", ngenxa yokubukeka kwembali. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zingamabhontjisi amakhulu. Yibona abaqoqwe ukuze baphinde batshale ngonyaka olandelayo noma bakhe udonga oluqhakaza endaweni entsha.
Ividiyo: Konke Okukhulunywa Ngobhontshisi waseTurkey
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zobhontshisi Wokuhlobisa
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwabanye baziwa futhi bathola ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekuhlobisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zeziza:
- IMammoth - ubhontshisi ngezimbali ezimhlophe zemithunzi ehlukahlukene nosayizi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimbali.
Izimbali zeMammoth zimhlophe, zikhulu kakhulu
- I-Dolichos onsomi - ubhontshisi ngezimbali ezinsomi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukubizwa ngama-curac lilacs. IDolichos iyisibonelo esingafani sobhontshisi enephunga elimnandi, ngakho amagatsha aso anezimbali ezinkulu kwesinye isikhathi afakwa kwizimbali. Ama-inflorescences emi kahle emavini anamanzi afinyelela kumaviki amabili.
IDolichos ifana kakhulu nama-lilacs abanye baze bangabaze ukuthi ngele-legumes
- Imibala emibili - ngaphansi kwaleli gama bahlanganisa iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile kwezinye ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibala emibili: ezinye izimbali zimhlophe qwa, kanti ezinye zipendiwe zibomvu.
I-Madame Butterfly - enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezinemibala emibili
- Ubhontshisi waseTurkey - izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile, ezinezimbali ezibomvu ze-orange, ngisho nomlilo, obomvu. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame ukukhula kakhulu ukuhlobisa isiza. Ngokutshala okufika ngesikhathi, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ehlobo lonke.
I-Turkish Beans - Uhlobo Oludumisa Kakhulu Lobhontshisi Ohlobisayo
- I-Rock ascer - ehlukahlukene enezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo (ezivame ngisho ne-burgundy). Eminyakeni yamuva, nguyena osusa ubhontshisi waseTurkey.
Rock ascer - enye yezinhlobo zemfashini zesimanje kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezithile zikabhontshisi we-asparagus, ngokwesibonelo, iGolden Nectar, nazo zivame ukubekwa endaweni yokuhlobisa. Kukhona ukudideka okuncane kulolu daba, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zama-curly ezinobhontshisi wemifino zingasebenza njengomhlobiso wensimu, futhi kube nesitshalo esikhuliselwe ukusetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo wokudla.
Ukutshala ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa
Esikhathini esiningi, ubhontshisi ukhula ngokutshala imbewu ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, akukho mqondo omkhulu ekuchitheni amandla ezitshalweni lapha, ubuhle bungalindela izinsuku ezifudumele, futhi ubhontshisi onjalo awutshalelwanga ngokukhethekile ukudla. Kodwa-ke, inketho yokutshala ibuye ibe khona, isetshenziselwa kwizifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu nasezimweni lapho ufuna ukudala udonga oluhle ezweni ekuqaleni kwezinga. Kuliqiniso, izithombo zezithombo kuzofanele zinciphise, zikhumbule neqiniso lokuthi ubhontshisi unobuhlungu obukhulu kunoma yikuphi ukufakelwa.
Ividiyo: Amabhontishi obhontshisi waseDolichos esizeni
Isikhathi sokufika
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile akuwona kusesekuseni kakhulu, inhlabathi yokutshala kumele ifudumale: imbewu ziqala ukumila emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi ka-8-10mayelanaC, kanye nezithombo zizwelana kakhulu nesithwathwa futhi ziyafa ngo-1mayelanaC. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwalo lingama-20-25mayelanaC. Esifundeni esiphakathi, izinsuku zokufika zifika maphakathi noMeyi; enyakatho, izinsuku zokuqala zikaJuni. ENingizimu, zonke izinhlobo zikabhontshisi ziyahlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli. Uma imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini ebandayo, ukuhluma kwayo kunciphisa kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bafe ngokuphelele. Isilinganiso somhlaba esiseduze yisikhathi lapho ukhukhamba ehlwanyelwa khona, okuthi, njengobhontshisi, wesabe isithwathwa.
Ukuhlobisa ubhontshisi wezithombo kuqala ukukhula ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho - eduze nasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma kuvela ukuthi ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu futhi ukuphuma kwezithombo, kuzodingeka uhlele ukusekelwa, lapho iziqu ezinde ziboshwe khona. Ngale njongo, ungabambelela ngobumnene, ngokwesibonelo, ipensela eduze kwesihlumela.
Ukutshala izithombo
Izithombo kuzodingeka zihlale ekhaya isikhathi esingangenyanga, ngokuvamile zizokhula enhlabathini yanoma yikuphi ukwakheka, ngaphandle kobumba, kepha kungcono ukuxuba umhlaba we-sod nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1 bese ufaka umlotha omncane wezinkuni ebhakedeni lengxube.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kufanele kwenziwe kumabhodwe ngamanye: ubhontshisi awubekezeleli ukufakelwa ngomonakalo ezimpandeni. Ungasebenzisa futhi ezinye ezilahlayo ngenzansi esikhiphekayo, kepha ezizwakalayo zinokukhetha okungcono kakhulu - ke ukufika endaweni evulekile ngeke kube buhlungu ngokuphelele. Ungasebenzisa amaphilisi amakhulu we-peat.
Inketho enhle yokukhula kwezithombo zikabhontshisi - amabhodwe we-peat
Imbewu yobhontshisi inkulu, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala, kulula ukuyilinganisa, ilahle okuncane kakhulu futhi okuthinteka kakhulu yizilokazane. Ngemuva kwalokho kunconyelwa ukuthoba imbewu emanzini kuze kuvuvukale (amahora ayi-12-16), ngaphandle kokulinda ukuluma.
Abanye abalimi bababeka kuqala kusisombululo se-potanganum permanganate baze babathelele ekukhuliseni amandla. Konke lokhu, yiqiniso, kungenziwa, kepha akudingekile ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzikhethela esimeni sokukhula kwesiko lokuhlobisa.
Imbewu yobhontshisi yokuhlobisa ingaba yemibala ehlukene, kepha ihlala ikhulu, kulula ukuyiphatha
Ubhontshisi uhlwanyelwa ukujula okungaba ngu-2 cm. Imvamisa ikhuphuka kahle, ngakho-ke faka ubhontshisi owodwa ebhodweni noma kuthebhulethi, kepha uma kukhona amaningi futhi kunongabaza ngokuhluma, ungakhipha izingcezu ezi-2-3, bese ususa ngokucophelela amahlumela awengeziwe.
Izinga lokushisa lapho izithombo kufanele zikhule zingama-18-22 ° C, kepha ngemuva kokuqhuma, kufanele lehliswe ngamadigri ambalwa ngezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Izithombo ezikhulayo azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngaphandle kokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Amabheshi akudingeki ukuba abunjwe ngokuncipha noma ngokuthena. Ngeke kudingeke kulenyanga nokugqoka okuphezulu.
Uma inhlabathi ibinciphile futhi kuvela ukuthi izithombo zikhula kancane, ungazinisela ngokuyifaka ngomlotha wokhuni.
Ungathathela izithombo engadini ngaphambi kokukhula kwamaqabunga amabili wangempela. Akufanele igcinwe ekhaya isikhathi eside kakhulu, kepha uma ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanye nembiza yokwethuka, akukho bungozi. Kuphela isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukulungisa izihlahla, uziyise ngezikhathi ezithile kuvulandi futhi ujwayele ukuthola umoya omusha.
Ibhokisi lebhontshisi elijwayelekile akuyona inketho enhle kakhulu: kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukukhipha izithombo ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande
Ukutshala izithombo engadini
Ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa awudingeki kangako ezimweni uma uqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemifino. Kepha nokho, umbhede kufanele ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, wethula umthamo ojwayelekile womanyolo. Kungaba i-humus noma umquba, kepha hhayi umquba omusha. Noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kwamaminerali okugxilwe ku-phosphorus ne-potassium nakho kufanelekile: initrogen eningi yobhontshisi ayidingeki. Le nto kubangela ukukhula ngokweqile kwesisindo se-vegetative kulimaze izimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu.
Uma kukhona ubumba endaweni, lapho ukugaya kubalulekile ukufaka isihlabathi, uma inhlabathi ine-acidic kakhulu - ushoko.
Uhlelo lokutshala ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa lukhona, ngoba inhloso yalo enkulu ukuhlobisa indawo. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi uqobo unquma ukuthi kuzoba umbhede noma umugqa owodwa ngasodongeni noma uthango, kepha ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-20 cm, futhi mhlawumbe kube ngu-30- 40 cm. Uma kukhona imigqa eminingana, bese ushiya phakathi kuka-40 no-50 cm phakathi kwabo kuya ngokuthi ungazakha kanjani izixhaso.
Icebo lokutshala izithombo livamile: ezindaweni ezikhethiwe, bhala izimbobo ngosayizi webhodwe bese ungcwaba izithombo zazo cishe ngaphandle kokujula, emva kwalokho zithululela amanzi amaningi afudumele bese zilimaza inhlabathi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo engadini kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokutshala ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa, imvamisa kukwenza. Endabeni yomhlabathi olula futhi ofudumele, ubhontshisi uhlwanyelwa endaweni eyisicaba.
Uma amanzi asemhlabathini eseduze, yakha umbhede ophakeme.
Indlela yokutshala iyafana nalapho utshala izithombo: phakathi kwezimbobo kushiya amabanga ukusuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 cm. Ukutshala okuhlanganisiwe kunikeza udonga oluqinile olungenalutho, kepha izitshalo ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, ziqhakaza kancane ngokubabazekayo. Emthonjeni ngamunye, ubhontshisi oyi-2-3 uhlwanyelwa ujule ngo-1.5-2 cm, khona-ke umbhede wokunisela nge-strainer uniselwa kakhulu bese inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nanoma iyiphi into evulekile. Uma usongo lweqhwa luhlala, izilimo zimbozwa okwesikhashana nge-spanbond. Izithombo ezingaphezulu zilolongwe ngokucophelela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuvela kwazo.
Imbewu yobhontshisi ayihlwanyelwa ngokujulile, kungenzeka izingcezu ezingama-2-3 umgodi ngamunye
Ukunakekelwa
Ukunakekela ubhontshisi kulula futhi kufaka phakathi ukutshala okuhleliwe kokuhlukanisa izikhala, ukhula, ukugqoka phezulu nokunisela. Ukuvulwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye nemvula, kuhlanganiswa nokususwa kokhula. Ngokukhula kwezihlahla, ukuzikhulula kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke kuthuthukiswa ukugxusha umbhede. Lapho izihlahla zikhula zifinyelela ku-12-15 cm, zihlanganiswa kancane nomhlaba.
Ubhontshisi uyisitshalo esithanda ukushisa, ngakho-ke, uma sitshalelwe kusesekuseni kakhulu, okokuqala kubalulekile ukubheka isimo sezulu futhi, mhlawumbe, ukumboza okutshalekile ngezinto ezingasokiwe. Ngenye indlela, ungakha abamba ukushisa okuncane okwesikhashana. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zibekezelela amazinga okushisa asondele ku-0mayelanaC.
Ungawunikeza kanjani ubhontshisi
Zonke izinhlobo zikabhontshisi ziyophuziswa, kufaka phakathi ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa, okuncane futhi ngokulinganisela, ukuvimbela ukweqisa kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwempande, kusihlwa, amanzi asukuma futhi afudumele ilanga phakathi nosuku. Endabeni yesimo sezulu esomile, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka kabili ngesonto.
Kuyelulekwa ukuqondisa amanzi ngqo ezimpandeni, ikakhulukazi ngokunakekela ukuthi ungafaki izimbali kanye nemiqumbe. Ngakho-ke, i-strainer ivame ukususwa emiseleni yokunisela ukuze amanzi awele phakathi kwemigqa noma, ngokutshala umugqa owodwa, eduze kwesisekelo sezihlahla.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, inhlabathi ingomiswa kancane izinsuku eziningana: lokhu kubangela ukuvela kwamahlamvu amaningi, kepha bese ukunisela kuyaqhubeka, njengokujwayelekile. Kungcono ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi ezungeze ubhontshisi nganoma iyiphi into esetshenziswayo (i-peat, humus, sawdust, notshani oqoshiwe) ukuze umswakama uvikeleke kangcono.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ubhontshisi wokuhlobisa uphekelwa nganoma imuphi umanyolo wezimbiwa noma zemvelo, ngaphandle komquba omusha. Umanyolo abatshali bakhe belulekwa amahlandla amabili kuphela:
- Lapho kukhula amaqabunga amabili wangempela (nge-1 m2 engeza i-1 g ye-urea, i-15 g ye-superphosphate ne-10 g yanoma yiliphi usawoti we-potassium).
- Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwe-efihlekile (ukwakheka okufanayo, ngaphandle kwe-urea).
Uma kuvela ukuthi okuqhakaza akuyona into ecwathile njengoba bekulindelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi isaphelile, futhi kulokhu, ukugqoka kufanele kunikezwe ngaphezulu ngokuhambisa idlanzana le-ash ash kanye nezipuni ezimbalwa ze-superphosphate ebhakedeni lamanzi, emva kwalokho kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuma usuku, kuncishwe olunye 2 Izikhathi ezingama--3 ngamanzi uthele ngalesixazululo sokutshala.
Garter
Ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula okubanzi kobhontshisi, amahlumela adinga ukuqondiswa kuphela lapho ewafuna, futhi wona uqobo azoluma ukusekelwa okukhona. Ngale ndlela, ungakha noma iyiphi inhlanganisela elula ngokwakha izithiyo zokufakelwa. Kungaba udonga, iphiramidi, isigaxa, isilinda ngisho nebhola.
Ubhontshisi uthanda izisekeli zokhuni, ngasizathu simbe ugoqa insimbi kube kubi nangopulasitiki kabi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufanele asize ukukwenza. Uma kuvela ukuthi ubhontshisi wenqaba ukufaka izinto zepulasitiki, udinga nje ukubopha amahlumela awo ngamawele athambile ezindaweni ezi-2-3, khona-ke kuzoya lapho umgcini wengadi afuna khona.
Ukusuka kubhontshisi, ungakha amajamo wanoma iyiphi ijamo
Lapho ubhontshisi uphela futhi kwakheka pods, angakwazi izikhwebu - ubukeka umxhwele impela. Ngemuva kokumiswa, ayaqoqwa ukuze ahlwanyele imbewu, ethi, ngemuva kokomiswa kafushane, ithululelwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha futhi igcinwe endaweni eyomile.
Ukuhlobisa i-haricot kungenye yezitshalo ezilula ukuzikhulisa, okuvumela ukuthi kuguqulwe i-codge yasehlobo ngemali ephansi yokusebenza kwezimali nezimali. Ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe ikona elinombala esizeni, elihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezimibalabala. Leli siko lithandwa kakhulu futhi litholakala ezindaweni eziningi zasemadolobheni.
