Lapho abanikazi bezama ukuthola umthombo wamanzi wokuphakelwa kwamanzi endlini yabo yezwe lapho kungekho khona amanzi aphakathi nendawo, umbuzo wokuqala uwukuthi kukhona yini amanzi ngaphansi kwesiza nokuthi angawaphakamisa kanjani ngaphandle. Ezimfanelweni zokunambitheka ziqala ukucabanga kuphela ngemuva kokuba umgodi ushayiwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, awusoze wazi ukuthi yini engangena emanzini: ama-effluents wamabhizinisi noma amapulazi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, njll. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umthombo, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya amanzi aphuma emthonjeni. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokulinda iziphetho zesiteshi sokuhlanzeka nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe, banquma ukuthi ngabe la manzi adinga noma yiluphi uhlelo lokwelashwa olwengeziwe.
Ukulethwa kwamanzi okuyisampula: kanjani ukuthola imiphumela efanele?
Umphumela wokuhlolwa wokugcina uzoncika kwisampula efanele. Ungamane uthathe uketshezi kusuka kumbhobho noma uthephe bese uwudlulisela esikhungweni esifanele. Kuhle uma abasebenzi besiteshi sokuhlanzeka nobhubhane babuza ukuthi uwathole kanjani amanzi futhi bakuthumelela izincomo zengxenye entsha. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi isitsha sakho samukelwe ngaphandle kombuzo futhi ngokususelwa kulokhu bazokwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele. Ngeke nje kuphela kube yiqiniso, kodwa futhi uzoqala ukubhekana nezinkinga zokungcola ezingekho. Yize inkinga enkulu isampula elingalungile. Ukugwema izehlakalo ezinjengalezi, gcina imithetho elandelayo yokuphuza amanzi:
- Akunakwenzeka ukuthatha amashalofu ensimbi esitsheni. Kuvunyelwe kuphela ingilazi nepulasitiki ebangeni lokudla.
- Amabhodlela angasetshenziswa endlebeni, kepha avela kuphela emanzini amaminerali. Iziqukathi azilungele iziphuzo, ngoba ekukhiqizweni kwazo zisebenzisa udayi ozinzile nezivikelo ezingakwazi ukuhlala ezindongeni ezingaphakathi futhi azikwazi ukugeza ngisho nangemva kokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi abilayo.
- Umthamo omkhulu weziqukathi awudluli ilitha elilodwa nengxenye.
- Ibhodlela lihlatshwa kaninginingi ngamanzi ashisayo (amanzi abilisiwe ingilazi), kanti okokugcina seligezwa ngamanzi ompompi, ozowathatha ukuze uhlaziywe. Kulokhu, kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izihlanza zamakhemikhali, ngisho ne-soda, ngoba azikwazi ukugeza futhi ziguqule umphumela wamasampula.
- Ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula, vumela amanzi agele imizuzu engama-20. Ngakho-ke, ususa ukuqina okungenzeka kumapayipi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ulahle izinhlayiya zensimbi (uma unepayipi lensimbi).
- Ukuvimbela i-oksijini eyeqile ukuba ibangele amanzi ukuthi angenele ebhodleleni, kudale ukungafani kwamakhemikhali, vula kampompi ngokubuthaka kakhulu. Vumela uketshezi luchithe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, emfuleni omncane.
- Isitsha sigcwalisiwe "ngaphansi komphimbo." Lapho uvala ukhokho, kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi aze athulule kancane. Ngakho-ke, uzosusa umoya osele ngaphakathi.
- Ibhodlela elilungiselelwe ligoqwe ngokuqinile esikhwameni esingangeneki ukuze sikhanyiswe futhi sithathwe ngaphakathi kwamahora amathathu alandelayo. Uma usezweni, futhi namuhla bekuwusuku lokuphumula, ngakho-ke kwiphakheji elifanayo, isitsha kufanele sifihlwe esiqandisini futhi sigcinwe lapho kuze kube ukulethwa, kepha kungabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Abanikazi bomthombo osembiwa okusha kufanele badlule lapho kuhlaziywa khona amanzi, bese kuthi labo asevele basebenzise umthombo, kube kanye njalo emva kwe-2 g. Kepha uma ubona ukuthi umthombo waqala ukunikezela ngamanzi anodaka noma kukhona ukunambitheka okungaphandle, qiniseka ukuthi uthumela uketshezi ukuze luhlaziywe, noma ngabe Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekudlule iminyaka emibili noma cha. Ukuthuthwa kwendle noma ukungasebenzi okwenziwa ezimbonini kungena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kungadala ubuthi.
Ngisho namanzi abukeka kahle angaphephile empilweni, ngoba amunca konke okungena emhlabathini noma okuqukethwe izingqimba zomhlaba
Izimpawu zamanzi ezisezingeni eliphansi nezindlela zokuqedwa kwawo
Ukwehla kwekhwalithi yamanzi kungabonakala ngezimpawu zangaphandle. Yibona okufanele baxwayise abanikazi, futhi ngisho nasekubukeni kokuqala "kwezinkinga" umuntu akufanele aphuze amanzi aluhlaza. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo, ungathola ukuthi yini okufanele isolwe ngokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuyihlanze.
Nalu uhlu lwezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokungcola:
- Iphunga lamaqanda onakele libonakala kahle emanzini. Isizathu ukungena kwe-hydrogen sulfide emthonjeni. Uketshezi olunjalo luyingozi empilweni!
- Ezitsheni ezisobala noma obumba obumhlophe, ukuphakama kwamanzi kuyabonakala. Izinki nezitsha zangasese kusheshe kumbozwe ezindaweni zesitaki ngokuhlaselwa ngukugqwala. Isizathu sokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lensimbi emanzini olwandle. Amanzi anjalo kufanelekile ukuphuza, kodwa ngemuva kokubilisa. Kuliqiniso, ukunambitheka kwensimbi kuzozwakala kuwo.
- Isifufula esinamafu sihlala kancane kancane sifinyelela ezansi kwezitsha. Isizathu - izindonga zomthombo zazakhiwe zavalwa noma i-strainer ivalekile. Kwenzeka ukuthi iphampu yohlobo lwe-vibration, ephakamisela uketshezi ebusweni, nayo inecala lokujubalala. Akunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa, ngoba ngesikhathi sokudlidliza, izindonga zokwethulwa ziyachithwa. Isizathu - ukugeza udoti.
Cabanga ukuthi ungahlanza kanjani amanzi emthonjeni, kuya ngembangela yokungcola.
Ukulwa nensimbi: sibeka izihlungi ezikhethekile
I-Iron ingahle ibe khona emompompini abahlukahlukene abahlanu abahlukahlukene. Umsebenzi wokudluliselwa kwamanzi ukubangela ukusabela okunjengama-oxidative, lapho insimbi izokhipha njengesisekelo esivulekile futhi ingahlungwa ngaphandle kohlelo.
I-iron eyengeziwe ifaka amanzi aphuzi, futhi uma uketshezi luhlala ezitsheni, ukugqwala kuzogqwala ezindongeni
Akukho okungenziwa ngaphakathi komthombo. Ngakho-ke, izihlungi ezikhethekile zibekwa endaweni yokufaka yepayipi endlini, izindonga zangaphakathi zazo ezihlanganiswa nokwakheka kwe-oxidizing. Lapho amanzi edlula kusihlungi, insimbi iyaphendula, iphenduka izinhlayiya eziqinile bese ingena lapho. Ngokwemvelo, izihlungi ezinjalo zidinga ukuhlanzwa nokufakwa njalo esikhundleni, uma kungenjalo izinga lokuhlanza lizoba libi njalo.
Ukufakwa kokususwa kwensimbi kwamanzi kufakwa emakamelweni okusebenzisa ngokushesha okufakwayo kwepayipi endlini futhi kudinga ukuhlanzwa okuhleliwe kwesihlungi
Ukususa iphunga leqanda elibolile: hlanganisa i-hydrogen sulfide
IHydrogen sulfide ingakheka ekuqotheni ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Amagciwane esalfure angawugcina njengomphumela womsebenzi obalulekile. Isizathu singaba idwala (i-sulphide ore), lapho kugwazwe khona umthombo, nezinhlayiya zazo ezingena ngokuhlangana okuhlanganisiwe kwamapayipi okonga. Futhi inketho yesithathu - iphunga elinjalo linganikeza i-compounds of manganese ekhona emanzini. Kungemva nje kocwaningo lwelabhoratri lapho unganquma ukuthi ungayiqeda kanjani inkinga. Ukuhlunga kweCarbon kufaneleke ngokuphelele ukuqeda amabhaktheriya wesibabule ekhaya. Bazothengisa ukungcola konke futhi basebenzise ukungalingani okunobuthi okulimaza abantu. Uma isizathu kuwukudangala kwamalunga, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi uphinde wakhe kabusha umthombo.
Isihlungi esikhulu se-adsorbent emisebenzini yokuhlanza amalahle yokuhlanza amanzi ngamalahle, saziwa ngekhono laso lokuthola ukungcola okuqukethwe uketshezi.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo: izindlela zokuhlonza amagciwane kahle
Uma amagciwane elethwa emthonjeni obangelwa yento eziphilayo engena ikholamu, khona-ke kudingeka ukuthi kuthiwe kutholakale igciwane kuqala, bese kuba nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi emthonjeni. Ngokuvamile kubulawa amagciwane nge-chlorine. Kepha udinga ukuthi uqaphele ngayo, ngoba i-chlorine emithini enkulu idala ubuthi. Kungcono umeme umuntu onguchwepheshe wesiteshi sokuhlanzeka nesibhubhisayo owazi kahle ukuthi mangaki amagremu wesidakamizwa adingekayo umthamo wakho wamanzi emthonjeni. Ngemuva kokuchloriny, amanzi akhishwa kaninginingi kuze kube yilapho iphunga liyanyamalala. Inketho ephephile yokwenza inzalo nge-oksijini esebenzayo noma ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. I-oksijini esebenzayo ihlala isetshenziswa echibini lomphakathi, ngoba ayinangozi kubhukudi. Ungayithola ezitolo ezinikela ngemishini namathuluzi wokunakekela amachibi okubhukuda. Ukuhlanza i-UV kusekelwe emandleni ale misebe ukubulala ukungcola kwe-organic.
Ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zokungcola kwelinye lawele
Inzuzo ethe xaxa (kepha futhi iyabiza!) Inketho ukufaka uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-reverse osmosis. Iyakwazi ukuhlanza amanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokungcola ngaphandle kwe-hydrogen sulfide. Ikhithi ifaka okokuhlunga okuningi nolwelwesi oluvikelayo, lapho yonke imfucumfuculu ixazululela khona uketshezi oludlulayo. Ukungcola kukhishwa emgodini wokukhuculula indle, futhi amanzi aphuzwayo anikezwa empompini.
Ukubuyela emuva kwe-osmosis kufaka izinto zokuhlunga eziningana, ngamunye uqeda ukungcola okuthile, nolwelwesi olugcina konke olukhudlwana kune-molecule yamanzi
Ngendlela, uma i-aquifer yakho inikeza amanzi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kosawoti noma ama-nitrate, ukubuyela emuva kwe-osmosis ukuphela kwendlela yokuxazulula le nkinga.
Kubalulekile! Abanye ochwepheshe abancomi ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzwa yi-osmosis eguquguqukayo nsuku zonke, ngoba ayinakho nje kuphela okulimazayo, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izinto eziwusizo, i.e. oyinyumba. Bancoma ukuxazulula izinkinga zamanzi ngokuqhafaza ngokufaka okokuhlunga okunciphisa ukungcola okuthile: ama-bacteria, i-iron, usawoti, njll. Amasu anjalo ahlunga ngamabomu, ngaphandle kokuthi "ukukhetha" ama-microelements awusizo endleleni.
Ukugcina ikhwalithi yamanzi nayo kusizwa ngokuhlanza njalo komthombo uqobo. Ungakuvumeli ukuba kuhlanze ngesihlabathi nosilika, bese uzama ukuvuselela amanzi njalo ngamapayipi lapho kungenzeka. Uma uhlala ezweni ehlobo kuphela, bese kuthi okungenani kube kanye ngenyanga, woza uzokhipha uketshezi olumile.
